Wake wayibuka yini inja ijaha ibhola ngokungakhathali noma ikati licothoza uphaphe njengokungathi liyisisulu sangempela? Nakuba kwabaningi lezi zikhathi zingase zibonakale njengemibukiso nje yothando noma ukuzijabulisa kwezilwane, iqiniso lidlulela kakhulu. Ukudlala ezilwaneni akuyona nje indlela yokudlulisa isikhathi kodwa kufihla inkimbinkimbi ethokozisayo eye yacutshungulwa izazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi zenkolo kanye nochwepheshe ukuziphatha kwezilwane amashumi eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathakazelisa ukuhlola indlela abanye imidlalo ivuselela ingqondo ngezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Kusukela ezingwenya ezidlala ngezimbali kuye kumagundane ajabulela ukulwa okuhlekisayo, Imvelo igcwele izibonelo ezimangazayo ezifakazela ukuthi ukudlala akugcini nje kubantu noma ezifuyweni zethu eziseduze kakhulu.. Lesi sihloko sidingida ukuthi kusho ukuthini ngempela umdlalo emhlabeni wezilwane, kungani zihlanganyela kuwo, izinzuzo zawo, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlanganyela kuwo, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bamanje besayensi kanye nokuphawulwa okubhaliwe kochwepheshe.
Ingabe ukudlala kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ezilwaneni?
Isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukudlala kwakuyinto yezilwane ezincelisayo ezifuywayo njengezinja namakati. Nokho, ngenxa yocwaningo lochwepheshe abafana noGordon Burghardt, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo eNyuvesi yaseTennessee, manje sesiyazi ukuthi akunjalo. Ngisho nezilwane ngaphambili ezazibhekwa “njengezilula” kakhulu ukudlala nazo, njengezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla nezimfudu, ziye zabonisa indlela yokudlala. Ngokwengqikithi yalesi simo, singabala izici zezilwane ezinomgogodla.
U-Burghardt uhlongoze izindlela ezinhlanu zokucabangela ukuziphatha njengomdlalo: ukuthi kungokuzithandela, ukuthi ayinayo inhloso esheshayo, ukuthi iyajabulisa, ihlukile ekusebenzeni kwayo okufanayo (njengokulwa empeleni) nokuthi iyaphindaphinda.
Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso, namuhla singaqinisekisa ukuthi umdlalo ukhona cishe kuwo wonke amagatsha esihlahla sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, nakuba ungekho emhlabeni wonke.. Kunezinhlobo ezingakaze zibonwe zidlala, kodwa ezinye eziningi ziyakubona, ngisho nasezimweni esingase sizibheke njengezimbi.
Lona umbuzo okusengakabi bikho impendulo yawo eqondile. Enye yemibono esabalele kakhulu ithi izilwane ziyadlala ukuthuthukisa amakhono awusizo empilweni yabantu abadala, njengokuzingela, ukubalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye, noma ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana nomphakathi. Isibonelo, imidlalo nayo idlale indima ebalulekile imfundo yezemvelo.
Nokho, ucwaningo oluningana luye lwabiza le ncazelo.. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama-otter adlala i-juggling ngamatshe awekho kangcono ekuxazululeni izindida kunalabo abangawazi. Ngokufanayo, amakati akhule ezungezwe amathoyizi awabi abazingeli abangcono ngenxa yawo.
Lokhu kuye kwaveza umbono wesibili: owokuzijabulisa. Abanye ochwepheshe, kuhlanganise no-Alex Richter-Boix, bahlongoza lokho Izilwane zidlala nje ngoba zithanda. Lolu hlobo lokuzijabulisa lwenza kusebenze uhlelo lobuchopho bakho lokuvuza, njengoba lenza kubantu, lukhiqiza amakhemikhali afana ne-dopamine akwenza uzizwe uphilile futhi ujabule.
Ngalo mqondo, umdlalo ubungeke ube nomsebenzi wokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuzijabulisa.. Izinja ezilanda ibhola ngokuphindaphindiwe kungenzeka zithole indlela ephumelelayo yokujabulela ngokuphindaphindiwe isikhuthazo esifanayo esijabulisayo. Lokhu kuhlobene nendlela i- imidlalo yemizwa ingaba nomthelela ebuhlotsheni babantu nezilwane.
Izilwane eziningi ziye zabonwa zidlala ngendlela engenanjongo eqondile, kodwa ebonakala ijabulisa ngokucacile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezibonelo ezigqama kakhulu eziqoqwe ososayensi nabaxhumanisi:
- Izingwenya Bake babonakala bedlala ngamabhola nezimbali ezimibalabala, baze bathwale abanye emhlane lapho bebhukuda.
- Amakati Izilwane zasekhaya zidlala ngezimpaphe, amabhola entambo noma amabhande enjoloba njengokungathi ziyizisulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngamandla amangalisayo.
- izimpawu Ziye zavezwa zidlala ngokhula lwasolwandle nezinto ezintantayo, ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kangangokuthi zibonakala zifuna ukuhlaba umxhwele umuntu ongabonakali.
- Izimpungushe Basebenzisa izinto ezinjengama-toilet paper rolls ukuze bazijabulise; Izimpi eziyinhlekisa phakathi kwabo zize zabhalwa kusetshenziswa lezi zinto njengamathoyizi.
- Izingwane Ezindaweni zasemanzini, bazijabulisa ngokufafaza amanzi emabhodleleni ukuze banyakaze, into abangayenzi njalo endaweni yabo yemvelo, lapho bekhathazeka kakhulu ngokusinda.
Ukuziphatha okudlalayo nakho kurekhodiwe ngokwemvelo okungase kubonakale sengathi kuyingxenye yolunye uhlobo lokuziphatha njengokuzingela, ukuqomisana, noma ukuzivikela. Lolu hlobo lokuziphatha lungafaniswa nendlela abanye izilwane zisongelwa.
Isibonelo, Amagwababa abonakale eshibilika ophahleni oluneqhwa, iphinda isenzo kaninginingi noma ingenakho umsizi obonakalayo. Izindlovu ezisencane, ezeduna nezinsikazi, zitshakadula emifuleni ukuze nje zizijabulise., ngaphandle kwalesi senzo esixhunyaniswe nenhlanzeko noma ukuboniswa kwamandla.
Ama-Meerkats adlala wodwa ngokwamukela ukulwa noma ukujaha ukuma, nakuba lokhu kungathuthukisi amakhono awo omphakathi noma kwehlise ulaka lwawo.. Eqinisweni, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lo mdlalo ungase ube nenani elicashile lokuziphendukela kwemvelo: ukulungiselela ubuchopho babo ukuze bubhekane nokungaqiniseki.
Amagundane akhuliswe eyedwa abonisa ukukhula kobuchopho okuphansi kunalawo ayehlala futhi edlala namanye amagundane.. Banamandla okulawula umfutho, inkumbulo yesikhashana esifushane, kanye namakhono ambalwa okuxhumana nabantu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi Ukudlala kungaba ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuvuthweni kwesimiso sezinzwa.
Enye i-hypothesis iphakamisa ukuthi igeyimu ayizange ithuthukiswe ngenjongo ethile., kodwa kuwumphumela wezinye izici zokuziphendukela kwemvelo njengokuhlakanipha, ilukuluku noma ukutholakala kwesikhathi samahhala. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba nje emdlalweni we Imidlalo yama-Olimpiki, izilwane zingathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuzijabulisa.
Amadragoni e-Komodo kuma-zoo adlala nabagcini bawo ngokubamba izintambo noma amabhola, kuyilapho Ama-Geckos aqoshwe ejabule ngezinto ezintantayo ku-zero gravity.. Le misebenzi ingahunyushwa njengokuphendula okudlalayo kusithukuthezi noma izinzwa ezitholakala ezindaweni ezilawulwayo.
Emvelweni, isikhathi samahhala siwukunethezeka. Izilwane zasendle zichitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku lwazo zifuna ukudla, zizivikele futhi ziphile. Yingakho ke, Ezindaweni ezivikelekile ezinjengama-zoo noma ama-aquariums, kuvame kakhulu ukubona ukuziphatha kokudlala. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi azenzeki endle: zinzima kakhulu ukuzibhala.
Umdlalo wokucasha ezinyonini nakwezinye izilwane
Izinyoni nazo zihlanganisa ukudlala ekuphileni kwazo kwansuku zonke.. Ngokwesibonelo, isiqophamithi sidlala ngokucasha ngemva kweziqu zesihlahla futhi siveze ikhanda laso njengokungathi sibekela umuntu osibukele inselele. I-nuthatch eyesaba kakhulu yenza ngendlela efanayo, nakuba ikuvumela ukuthi usondele ngaphambi kokubaleka ngokudlala.
I-cuckoo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibonakala ijabulela ukukhohlisa.. Indlela yabo yokubekela amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane nokuvumela ezinye izikhulisele bona ingase ihunyushwe njengendlela yokudlala yokweqa imithetho yemvelo, nakuba iphinde iphendule isu eliyinkimbinkimbi lokusinda. Ngalo mqondo, kuyathakazelisa ukucabangela ubudlelwano balokhu kuziphatha ne ukuthuthukiswa kwezilwane ezincelisayo.
Unogwaja wasendle eSpain ubonisa amakhono amangalisayo “ekudlala umacashelana.” nezilwane zegazi ezimjahayo. Ihlehlisa izinyathelo zayo, igxume ngokungalindelekile, futhi izifihle endaweni ukuze idukise izitha zayo.
Ezinye izenzo zokudlala zibonakala zihloselwe ukuqinisa izibopho phakathi kwabantu., njengoba kwenzeka ezilwaneni ezincelisayo zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, omama bezimfene bakitaza izingane zabo futhi bakhuthaze ukudlala ngokomzimba okuqinisa isibopho nokufundisa imingcele yokuziphatha. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwe sebenza nezilwane kwezemfundo kanye nokuhlalisana kwabantu.
Ezindaweni zasekhaya, abantu baphinde baqinise ukudlala ngamathoyizi, imidlalo yomzimba, kanye nezinqubo zokudlala nezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kudala ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwezinhlobo zabantu nezilwane, futhi kukhombisa ukuthi injabulo ehlanganyelwe ingaba yisici esibalulekile ebudlelwaneni be-interspecies..
Ngisho nezinye izilwane ezifana namakati afuywayo noma izingulube ziye zabonwa zixhumana ngokuqondile nabantu noma izinto zabo ngendlela yokudlala., ngaphandle kokufuna ukudla noma isivikelo, ukuze nje nijabulele ukusebenzelana nokukhuthazana.
Ukudlala ezilwaneni akuyona into eyivelakancane, kodwa kunalokho ukubonakaliswa okuqhubekayo kobunzima bokuziphatha kwezilwane.. Nakuba kungezona zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezidlalayo futhi asikwazi njalo ukuchaza ukuthi kungani zenza kanjalo, ukuqaphela kanye nezifundo kusivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi kuwukuziphatha okuvelele kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo kunalokho okwakukholelwa ngaphambili. Noma ngabe okokuzijabulisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, noma isikhathi samahhala, izilwane zithola ekudlalweni uhlobo lwenkulumo eyenza umuntu aphile futhi asixhumanise nazo ngendlela ejulile.
