Kunezincwadi eziningi ezivelele ezincwadini zesiSpanishi. Naphezu kokuba yabhalwa ngumbhali ongaziwa, enye yezincwadi ezidumile nezifundwe kakhulu yi-"Lazarillo de Tormes." Akungabazeki ukuthi iyincwadi yobuciko emangalisayo yesiko lase-Iberia. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhathi noma izinsiza, akuwona wonke umuntu oye wathola ithuba lokuyifunda. Ngakho-ke, sizoxoxa kafushane nge-Lazarillo de Tormes.
Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza ukuthi le noveli imayelana nani futhi sibhale uhlu lwamakhosi asebenza kuwo umlingiswa oyinhloko, sigqamise isiphetho sakhe. Sizoxoxa nangenhloso yencwadi ethi "Lazarillo de Tormes." Kodwa-ke, ngincoma kakhulu ukufunda yonke inoveli; ikufanele.
Isifinyezo senoveli ethi "El Lazarillo de Tormes"
Sizoqala ngokufingqa incwadi eyaziwa ngokuthi "uLazarillo de Tormes." Uma ungakayifundi futhi ungafuni ama-spoiler , kungcono ukushiya lesi sihloko kuze kube yilapho usuqedile ukusifunda. Njengoba abanye kini sebevele bazi, lo msebenzi uyinoveli emfushane ebhalwe ngumbhali ongaziwa maphakathi nekhulu le-16.
Le ncwadi ilandisa indaba kaLazarillo, umfana owayengenacala ekuqaleni, owagcina eseyisigebengu ukuze asinde kuleli zwe. Umama womlingiswa oyinhloko uyamphoqa ukuba acele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela izinto zakhe ziqala. Eqhutshwa yindlala nokoma, uLazarillo unquma ukuthola inkosi. Kuyo yonke inoveli, udlula kumakhosi ahlukahlukene amphatha kabi, futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kufanele athole indlela yokusinda. Ukuze uthole ukuhlaziywa okujulile, ungabheka isifinyezo sikaLazarillo de Tormes.
Amakhosi kaLazaru
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, umlingiswa oyinhloko wale noveli unabaningi abangochwepheshe. Ngezansi, sizobabala bonke ukuze sinikeze umbono ojwayelekile ngalo msebenzi:
- Izimpumputhe: Inkosi yokuqala kaLazaru iyimpumputhe. Ukuze adle futhi aphuze kakhulu, umfana usebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene, esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuntula kwenkosi yakhe ukubona. Lokhu, ngemva kokuqaphela inkohliso, kujezisa umlingiswa oyinhloko ngokushaywa aze agcine ngokushiya.
- Umfundisi: Uthola uLázaro ngesikhathi ecela emgwaqeni. Umfundisi unesifuba esidala agcina kuso amanzi, ilayisi nesinkwa. Umfana usebenzisa ubuqili bakhe ukwenza ikhophi yokhiye futhi akwazi ukuthatha ukudla lapho. Lapho umfundisi ekubona lokhu, uLázaro umqinisekisa ukuthi isinkwa nelayisi kudliwa amagundane, njengoba umkhumbi ugcwele izimbobo. Nokho, le farce ayihlali isikhathi eside futhi uyamshiya umfundisi.
- I-squire: Edolobheni laseToledo, uLázaro uthola inkosi entsha. Kulokhu iwunga elibonakala licebile. Ecabanga ukuthi ngeke aswele lutho, umlingiswa oyinhloko uyamphelezela aze abone ukuthi inkosi yakhe entsha icwile osizini. Ngosuku i-squire engasakwazi ukukhokha irenti, uLázaro uyahamba.
- I-Friar of Mercy: I-friar iyakuthanda ukuhamba, futhi ngemva kokuhamba isikhathi eside, izicathulo zikaLázaro zigcina ngokuphuka. Ebhekene nalesi simo, inkosi yakhe entsha imthengela ezintsha. Kamuva, umlingisi oyinhloko, ekhathele ukuhamba kakhulu, uyamshiya.
- Itshe: Naphezu kokuba ukuhweba okuyinhloko ngaleso sikhathi, le buldero imane nje iwumkhohlisi oxoxisana nosherifu. Lapho uLázaro eqaphela ukuthi inkosi yakhe entsha iwumuntu onjani, unquma ukuhamba.
- Umfundisi: Umfundisi unikeza umlingiswa oyinhloko imbongolo namanzi ukuze adayise edolobheni. Ekugcineni thola umsebenzi okhokhelwayo. Kodwa ngemva kokuqoqa imali eyanele, uthenga izingubo ezintsha abese eshiya umfundisi.
Saba yini isiphetho sikaLazarillo?
Ngemva kwezigigaba eziningi kangaka lapho uLázaro kwadingeka athole izindlela zokusinda, le ndaba iphetha kanjani kuye? Ekugcineni uthola umsebenzi ohloniphekile omenza akwazi ukuphila ngokunethezeka njengommemezeli wedolobha laseToledo. Uthola nomfazi: incekukazi esebenzela uMpristi Omkhulu waseSan Salvador. Naphezu kwamahemuhemu asakazeka ngobuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kompristi omkhulu nencekukazi, umlingiswa oyinhloko akalaleli futhi unquma ukuphila impilo ejabulisayo nomkakhe. Ngakho-ke, inoveli iphetha ngendoda, ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho okuningi, ekwazile ukufeza ukuzinza empilweni yayo.
Iyini injongo eyinhloko yomsebenzi othi “El Lazarillo de Tormes”?
Ngaphandle kokufingqa uLazarillo de Tormes, kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda incazelo evezwa yilo msebenzi wobungcweti. Isihloko esiyinhloko sale noveli, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuziphatha okungamanga. Ngalo msebenzi, umbhali uyakwazi ukusola ubuzenzisi kanye nenhlonipho engamanga yomphakathi waseSpain ngaleso sikhathi.
Kuyo yonke indaba, sibona ngokucacile ukuthi impilo ivezwa ngombono onzima. Abantu abakaze bathembeke; empeleni okuphambene nalokho: ukuze basinde, kufanele babe nobuqili. Akekho osindiswa kulo mphakathi owonakele: hhayi umfundisi, noma obonakala ecebile, noma umuntu othobekile. Ekugcineni, bonke amakhosi uLázaro awakhonzayo banobugovu futhi benza ngaphandle kokungabaza. Lezi zimpawu zifihlwa ngokuphelele yisithombe sabo kanye nesimo sabo emphakathini. Indaba ithinta nezinye izingqikithi eziyisisekelo, njengenkolo nendlala.
Umbhalo ukwenza kucace bha ukuthi ubuhle abudingeki; ukuzenza sengathi kwanele. Ngakho-ke, le noveli ijikeleza ezweni lokubonakala kanye nokuziphatha okungamanga. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi, ngesikhathi sayo, ukuthengiswa nokusatshalaliswa kwale ncwadi kwakwenqatshelwe yiNkantolo Yokuhlubuka uqobo.
Ngithemba ukuthi usithandile isifinyezo sikaLazarillo de Tormes futhi wakukhuthaza ukuthi ufunde umsebenzi ophelele. Kuyigugu lesizwe eliyingxenye yesiko lethu okufanele siligcine. Ngokwami, ngiyithandile le noveli futhi ngincoma ukuthi uyifunde okungenani kanye empilweni yakho.
