Uma sikhuluma ngemikhumbi-mkhathi, sivame ukuya ezinganekwaneni zesayensi futhi sicabange ngemikhumbi engelona iqiniso, lapho, empeleni, Sinemikhumbi-mkhathi eminingi enezindaba ezingaphezu kwenganekwane. Le mikhumbi ikhuluma ngomlando, ngokulangazelela kwesintu, ngelukuluku lokuhlola nokufunda okwengeziwe. Empeleni, ukwazi bona kuwukwazi umphakathi kancane.
Njengokungathi lokhu akwanele, kuyathakazelisa ngokulinganayo abantu abebegibele leyo mikhumbi noma abantu abayenzile. Kunabantu abaningi ngesikhathi sokudala nokwethulwa komkhumbi-mkhathi emkhathini. Kodwa-ke, kulesi sihloko sifuna ukugcizelela ngokukhethekile imishini, ku imikhumbi-mkhathi edume kakhulu emhlabeni wethu.
Imikhumbi-mkhathi edume kakhulu
ezinye imikhumbi-mkhathi bekuzophawula ingqopha-mlando emlandweni wokuhlolwa komkhathi. Ezinye zazo ziye zaba izifanekiselo ngokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni indawo. Ngakho-ke, bahlala beyingxenye ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile yomlando.
Kuzo zonke lezi mikhumbi-mkhathi kuzofanele siyenze engeza inani le-Mars Rovers (Umoya, Ithuba, Ilukuluku noma Ukubekezela) eziye zahlola ubuso beMars.
Umkhumbi-mkhathi owaziwa kakhulu: Apollo 11
Ngo-1969, u-Neil Armstrong no-Buzz Aldrin baqopha umlando ngokubeka i-Apollo 11 endaweni yenyanga. Lo mkhumbi, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, wawuzoba ngomunye odume kakhulu emlandweni womkhathi, kube yiwo lowo wayisa abantu bokuqala eNyangeni. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana ohambweni lwasemkhathini abaye bashiya uphawu lwabo, lesi sixhumanisi sinesithakazelo esikhulu.
Indawo
Ngemuva komsebenzi wabo imodyuli yomyalo we-Apollo 11 kanye nemodyuli yenyanga yabuyiselwa eMhlabeni. Imodyuli yomyalo, ebizwa ngokuthi "Columbia", itholakala futhi ingabonwa ku I-National Air and Space Museum eWashington DC
Iningi lezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ze-Apollo 11, okuhlanganisa nemojuli yenyanga ethi "Ukhozi", ibikhona igcinwe njengengxenye yefa lomlando lokuhlola indawo. Zonke zisakazwa kumamnyuziyamu ahlukahlukene anikezelwe ngokunembile ekugcineni umlando wendawo kanye nokuhlola kwayo.
Okude kakhulu kumkhumbi-mkhathi: i-Voyager 1 ne-Voyager 2
Zethulwa emkhathini ngo-1977, ziyiziphenyi lokho zinikeze ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle futhi sebeseduze nokuba imikhumbi yokuqala yabantu ukushiya isimiso sonozungezilanga. Idatha nemifanekiso yayo yandise ulwazi mayelana namaplanethi afana neJupiter neSaturn.
Indawo
Kokubili basemkhathini, ukuthumela idatha emhlabeni nakuba amandla ayo okuxhumana ehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yebanga kanye nokuncipha kwamandla awusizo avela kumajeneretha awo.
I-Voyager 1 imayelana 23.3 billion wamakhilomitha eplanethi yethu, etholakala ngaphandle kwe-heliosphere yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga futhi ngenxa yalokho iwuphenyo olude kakhulu ukusuka eMhlabeni.
I-Voyager 2 ukuphela kophenyo oluvakashele amaplanethi esistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle ngokulandelana kwawo: iJupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus, neNeptune. Namuhla itholakala cishe 19.5 billion km ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Umkhumbi mkhathi
Lesi sikebhe sasemkhathini esasetshenziswa yi-NASA kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-2011 saba yisakhiwo sodumo ngekhono layo lokuthwala osomkhathi nempahla iye emkhathini futhi ibuyele eMhlabeni. Ngiyabonga kuye yasiza ukwakhiwa kwe-International Space Station kanye nokwenziwa kwemishini eminingi yesayensi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono i- izingxenye zomkhumbi-mkhathi, ngincoma lesi sixhumanisi.
Indawo
Singathola imikhumbi eyahlukene ye-Space Shuttle ebiyingxenye yohlelo lwe-NASA yasemkhathini futhi ehlelwe phakathi izindawo zombukiso ezahlukene e-United States.
- Atlantis KuseKennedy Space Center Visitor Complex eFlorida.
- Zama KuseCalifornia Science Center eLos Angeles.
- Ukutholwa Kuse-Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, eyingxenye ye-Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, e-Chantilly, eVirginia.
- Enterprise Kuse-Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum eNew York.
- Columbia, Itholakala e-Space Center Houston e-Texas, nakuba kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi yacekelwa phansi lapho ingena emkhathini womhlaba ngo-2003, okwenza ukuthi kubuyekezwe ngokugcwele imigomo yokuphepha nemiklamo ye-shuttles.
Soyuz
Le moto eyethulwa, esebenze kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960s, idume ngokwethembeka kanye neqhaza layo ekuthutheni osomkhathi nama-cosmonauts ibayise kwa-ISS. Kube umkhumbi okuyisisekelo ekuhloleni komuntu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuyeka umkhumbi-mkhathi. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, ungathintana nesihloko mayelana uhambo oluya emkhathini. Akuzange kube khona umkhumbi owodwa nje kuphela walolu hlobo, kodwa eminingana ethathe abantu yayisa emkhathini.
Indawo
Le mikhumbi isasebenza kodwa eminye yayo singazithola kumamnyuziyamu Isikhala esifana ne: Moscow Space Museum, National Air and Space Museum eWashington DC, Chicago Museum of Science and Industry noma i-Space History Museum.
