I-"La Pepa" iyona edume kakhulu kumthethosisekelo waseSpain, singabali lo wamanje, kodwa kokubili akuyona yodwa imithethosisekelo esibe nayo. Kulesi sihloko sifuna ukuqoqa 8 Imithethosisekelo yaseSpain futhi ngikutshele kancane ngazo, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kungani edume kakhulu inegama elingavamile.
Njengokubuka kuqala okuncane, singakusho lokho Ngo-1978 yilapho kwasayinwa khona uMthethosisekelo wamanje waseSpain. Nokho, owokuqala wabo umdala kunaye ngeminyaka engu-166. Futhi, singaphinde silindele ukuthi omunye waleyo mithethosisekelo eyi-8 awuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Imithethosisekelo yaseSpain
Umthethosisekelo wamanje waseSpain, Akukona okokuqala ezweni lethu, bekuneminye imibhalo eyi-7 ngaphambi kwayo. Ukuze sazi umlando wemithethosisekelo kufanele sibuyele emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1812. Ku-XNUMX ngokuqondile, isikhathi lapho uMthethosisekelo wokuqala usayinwa.
Njengoba sizobona ngezansi, kukhona imibhalo ye-8 ethathwa njengemithethosisekelo yaseSpain, nakuba ziyisi-7 kuphela zazo ezaziwa ngokusemthethweni.
1. Owokuqala Wemithetho-sisekelo YaseSpain (1812)
Ngo-1812 iCortes Generales yaseCádiz, eyakhiwe amasekela angu-296, yayilungiselela ukusayina uMthethosisekelo wokuqala wezwe lethu futhi ingene emabhukwini omlando. Ngesikhathi sempi yangemva kwempi ngokumelene nokuhlala kwamaNapoleon, idokhumenti ethi "Umthethosisekelo waseCádiz" yayizophawula ingqophamlando yokubaluleka okukhulu emlandweni womthethosisekelo eSpain nakwamanye amazwe. ukusungula imigomo yentando yeningi kanye nobukhosi bezwe.
Usuku olwakhethwa ukusayina idokhumenti elibaluleke kangaka kwakunguMashi 19, uSuku lukaSaint Joseph. Izakhamizi, zikwazi okwasanda kwenziwa kanye nokubaluleka kwakho, zaqala ukukuthokozela ukusayinwa koMthethosisekelo zimemeza: "Phila njalo Pepa!" kubhekiselwa kuSuku lukaSaint Joseph. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukukhala kwenjabulo kwaba isidlaliso esasizohambisana noMthethosisekelo wokuqala waseSpain kuwo wonke umlando.
2. Umthethosisekelo we-1837
Ungumthethosisekelo wokuqala wokubusa kuka-Elizabeth II, owaphawula intuthuko ebheke ekukhululekeni. Sibheka idokhumenti eyasayinwa ngoJulayi 18, 1837. Kwakunjalo Ibhalwe ngesikhathi sokungazinzi kwezepolitiki neCarlist War kanye nokubusa kukaMaría Cristina, umama weNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II. Yasungula umbuso wezombangazwe ongokomthethosisekelo futhi omeleyo onobukhosi bukazwelonke njengomgomo oyisisekelo. Iphinde yachaza amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi, nakuba kunemikhawulo mayelana nokuzibandakanya kwezombusazwe.
Ukugunyazwa koMthethosisekelo kwaba ukhiye ekuthuthukisweni kwenkululeko eSpain futhi kwakuzophawula ukuqala kwezinguquko ezibalulekile. Nokho, yagxekwa amaqembu aphikisayo futhi yabangela ukungezwani kwezombusazwe.
3. Umthethosisekelo we-1845
Sibhekene nenguqulo elandela imithetho ebuyisele izici zombuso omdala. Yamenyezelwa ngoJuni 30, 1845 futhi yavela esimweni sokungazinzi kwezepolitiki nezenhlalo ngemuva kweMpi Yokuqala YeCarlist. Ukubhala kwaba okwenziwa yiqembu lama-liberal amaphakathi lifuna ukusungula umbuso wepolitiki ozolinganisa amandla yoMbuso futhi siqinisekise inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
4. Umthethosisekelo we-1869
I-"Glorious Revolution" ka-1868 yaholela emibonweni eqinile neqhubekayo eyagcina ibonakale kuMthethosisekelo. Yavunywa ngoJuni 1, 1869, iqala ukusebenza ekupheleni kwaleyo nyanga. Yasungula uhlelo lwephalamende, yamemezela ubukhosi bukazwelonke futhi iqinisekisiwe amalungelo ayisisekelo njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuzihlanganisa kanye nabezindaba. Kuphinde kwaphawulwa ngesimemezelo sokulingana kwezakhamizi phambi komthetho.
5. Umthethosisekelo we-1876
Yasungula uhlaka lwezombusazwe olulinganiselayo olwahlala isikhathi eside lusebenza, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni kwe-20. Yasayinwa ngaphansi kokubusa kuka-Alfonso XII, ngemva kokubuyiselwa kweBourbon. Lo Mthethosisekelo wasungula uhlaka lwephalamende, uhlelo lobukhosi ngokomthethosisekelo kanye
6. Umthethosisekelo we-1931
Ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yesiBili, lo Mthethosisekelo wasayinwa, ungowesimanje impela ngesikhathi sawo, ugxile emalungelweni omphakathi kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwesonto nombuso.
7. Umthethosisekelo we-1939
Eqinisweni, sibhekene "noMthethosisekelo" lowo Akwaziwa njengesibalo sombuso. Yamenyezelwa ngesikhathi sombuso kaFranco futhi yayiyiqoqo lemithetho nezinqumo.
8. UMthethosisekelo wamanje (1978)
NgoDisemba 6, 1978, uMthethosisekelo wamanje waseSpain wasayinwa. Lonke uhlelo olwaqala ngokushona kukaFrancisco Franco ngo-1975 kanye noshintsho olwalandela olubheke kuntando yeningi eSpain. Ukuthuthukisa lo mthethosisekelo kwakuwumsebenzi owenziwe ngokuvumelana ngamabutho ezombusazwe ahlukahlukene, ngakho lalimelela inhlobonhlobo yomphakathi waseSpain ngaleso sikhathi.
Izinkantolo Ezijwayelekile, ezakhethwa ngoJuni 1977, zizoba nomthwalo wokwenza uhlaka loMthethosisekelo. Ngokulandelayo, yayizovunyelwa ngo-Okthoba 31, 1978 futhi kamuva ihanjiswe kunhlolovo edumile ngoDisemba 6, 1978, ithole amavoti angama-88,54% avunayo. UMthethosisekelo waqala ukusebenza mhla zingama-29 kuZibandlela we-1978, ophawula ingqophamlando emlandweni wezwe lethu ngokusungula isisekelo sombuso. uhlaka lwamalungelo nenkululeko kanye nokuchaza izwe njengombuso wephalamende.
