I-"La Pepa" iyona edume kakhulu kwemithethosisekelo yaseSpain, ngaphandle kweyamanje, kodwa le mithethosisekelo emibili akuyona yodwa esibe nayo. Kulesi sihloko, sifuna ukuhlanganisa yonke imithethosisekelo yaseSpain eyisishiyagalombili bese sinitshela okuncane ngayo, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kungani edume kakhulu inegama elingavamile kangaka.
Njengombono omfushane, singasho ukuthi uMthethosisekelo wamanje waseSpain wasayinwa ngo-1978. Kodwa-ke, umthethosisekelo wokuqala umdala ngeminyaka eyi-166. Futhi singasho nokuthi omunye waleyo mithethosisekelo eyisishiyagalombili awuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Imithethosisekelo yaseSpain
UMthethosisekelo waseSpain wamanje awuwona owokuqala ezweni lethu; kwakukhona eminye imibhalo eyisikhombisa ngaphambi kwawo. Ukuze siqonde umlando wemithethosisekelo, kumele sibuyele emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-7, ikakhulukazi ngo-1812, lapho kusayinwa uMthethosisekelo wokuqala.
Njengoba sizobona ngezansi, kunemibhalo engu-8 ebhekwa njengemithethosisekelo yaseSpain, yize engu-7 kuphela yayo eqashelwa ngokusemthethweni.
1. Owokuqala Wemithetho-sisekelo YaseSpain (1812)
Ngo-1812, amaCortes Generales aseCádiz, akhiwa amasekela angu-296, ayelungiselela ukusayina uMthethosisekelo wokuqala wezwe lethu futhi angene emlandweni. Ngesikhathi sokululama ngemva kwempi ekubusweni kukaNapoleon, umbhalo othi "uMthethosisekelo waseCádiz" wawuzophawula ingqophamlando ebaluleke kakhulu emlandweni womthethosisekelo waseSpain nakwamanye amazwe, usungula izimiso zentando yeningi kanye nobukhosi besizwe.
Usuku olukhethwe ukusayina idokhumenti ebaluleke kangaka kwakunguMashi 19, uSuku LukaSanta Joseph. Izakhamuzi, ezazi lokho okwakusanda kufezwa kanye nokubaluleka kwako, zaqala ukuhalalisela ukusayinwa koMthethosisekelo ngesikhalo esithi "¡Viva la Pepa!" maqondana noSuku LukaSanta Joseph. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, lesi sikhalo senjabulo saba yisidlaliso esasizohambisana noMthethosisekelo wokuqala waseSpain kuwo wonke umlando.
2. Umthethosisekelo we-1837
Lona umthethosisekelo wokuqala wokubusa kuka-Isabella II, owawumele isinyathelo sokukhululeka. Lo mbhalo wasayinwa ngoJulayi 18, 1837. Wabhalwa ngesikhathi sokungazinzi kwezepolitiki, okwaphawulwa yiMpi kaCarlist kanye nokubusa kukaMaria Cristina, unina ka-Isabella II. Wasungula uhlelo lwezepolitiki olusemthethweni nolumele olunesimiso sobukhosi besizwe njengesimiso saso esiyisisekelo. Wachaza namalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamuzi, yize wawunemingcele mayelana nokubamba iqhaza kwezepolitiki.
Ukuvunyelwa koMthethosisekelo kwakuyisihluthulelo sokuguquka kobushiqela eSpain futhi kwaphawula ukuqala kwezinguquko ezibalulekile. Kodwa-ke, kwagxekwa yiqembu eliphikisayo, futhi kwadala ukungezwani kwezepolitiki.
3. Umthethosisekelo we-1845
Lena inguqulo elandela imithetho eqinile eyabuyisela izici zombuso wakudala. Yamenyezelwa ngoJuni 30, 1845, futhi yavela esimweni sokungazinzi kwezepolitiki kanye nomphakathi ngemva kweMpi Yokuqala Yama-Carlist. Yabhalwa yiqembu lama-liberal alinganiselayo afuna ukusungula uhlelo lwezepolitiki oluzolinganisa amandla oMbuso futhi luqinisekise inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.
4. Umthethosisekelo we-1869
"I-Glorious Revolution" ka-1868 yaletha imibono emisha neqhubekayo eyagcina igcinwe kuMthethosisekelo. Yavunywa ngoJuni 1, 1869, futhi yaqala ukusebenza ekupheleni kwaleyo nyanga. Yasungula uhlelo lwephalamende, yamemezela ubukhosi besizwe, futhi yaqinisekisa amalungelo ayisisekelo njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuhlangana, kanye nabezindaba. Yaphawulwa futhi ngokumenyezelwa kokulingana kwezakhamuzi phambi komthetho.
5. Umthethosisekelo we-1876
Yasungula uhlaka lwezombusazwe olulinganiselayo olwahlala isikhathi eside lusebenza, kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni kwe-20. Yasayinwa ngaphansi kokubusa kuka-Alfonso XII, ngemva kokubuyiselwa kweBourbon. Lo Mthethosisekelo wasungula uhlaka lwephalamende, uhlelo lobukhosi ngokomthethosisekelo kanye
6. Umthethosisekelo we-1931
Ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yesiBili, lo Mthethosisekelo wasayinwa, ungowesimanje impela ngesikhathi sawo, ugxile emalungelweni omphakathi kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwesonto nombuso.
7. Umthethosisekelo we-1939
Eqinisweni, sibhekene "noMthethosisekelo" ongaziwa njengombhalo kahulumeni. Wamenyezelwa ngesikhathi sombuso kaFranco futhi wachazwa ngokunembile njengeqoqo lemithetho nezinqumo.
8. UMthethosisekelo wamanje (1978)
UMthethosisekelo waseSpain wamanje wasayinwa ngoDisemba 6, 1978. Le nqubo yaqala ngokufa kukaFrancisco Franco ngo-1975 kanye nokushintshela kwentando yeningi eSpain. Ukubhala lo mthethosisekelo kwakuwumzamo wokubambisana ohilela amandla ahlukahlukene ezepolitiki , ngaleyo ndlela emele umphakathi waseSpain obanzi ngaleso sikhathi.
AmaCortes Generales, akhethwa ngoJuni 1977, ayenesibopho sokubhala uMthethosisekelo. Wavunywa kamuva ngomhlaka-31 Okthoba 1978, futhi kamuva wathunyelwa ku-referendum ethandwayo ngomhlaka-6 Disemba 1978, wathola amavoti angu-88,54%. UMthethosisekelo waqala ukusebenza ngomhlaka-29 Disemba 1978, uphawula ingqophamlando emlandweni wezwe lethu ngokusungula uhlaka lwamalungelo nenkululeko kanye nokuchaza izwe njengobukhosi bephalamende.
