Onkulunkulu baseGibhithe, kanye namaRoma namaGreki, yibo abaziwa kakhulu, nge i-pantheon ebanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke namuhla sizogxila konkulunkulu baseGibhithe abesatshwayo nabanamandla kakhulu.
IGibhithe lasendulo lihehe abantu bazo zonke izinhlobo, ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ekhulwini leminyaka elikhulu labahloli bamazwe kanye nokuvubukulwa kwasendulo. Lokhu kuthungatha ulwazi lwasendulo kwenziwe asizazi kangcono lezo zimpucuko zesikhathi esidlule.
Onkulunkulu baseGibhithe
Iqembu lonkulunkulu baseGibhithe libanzi kakhulu Kukhona onkulunkulu abayi-14 ababaluleke kakhulu: u-Osiris, u-Isis, uHorus, u-Amun-Ra, u-Anubis, uBastet, uHathor, uPtah noSeth. Onkulunkulu abadume kakhulu babezogcina sebengonkulunkulu abajwayelekile kulo lonke elaseGibhithe, kuyilapho kuzoba nabanye onkulunkulu abancane ababekhonzwa ezindaweni ezithile noma ngemikhuba ethile. Ungafunda okwengeziwe ngabo ku onkulunkulu baseGibhithe.
Onkulunkulu baseGibhithe abesatshwayo nabanamandla kunabo bonke
Njengoba sesibonile, inqwaba yonkulunkulu baseGibhithe, kodwa phakathi kwabo 6 onkulunkulu abavelele, ekhonzwayo, enamandla futhi esatshwa abantu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ehlonishwa.
U-Anubis, unkulunkulu wejackal, unkulunkulu wendawo engaphansi
U-Anubis ungunkulunkulu oyisisekelo wabaseGibhithe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Kuhlotshaniswa nokufa, izwe elingaphansi, ukuphila kwangemva kokufa. Futhi yonke into ehlobene nabafileyo yayihlonishwa kakhulu. Unkulunkulu wejackal ungomunye wabakhulu abamelelwe emathuneni aseGibhithe kokubili emidwebeni nakuma-hieroglyphs.
Imelwe njenge-a indoda enekhanda likajackal noma inja emnyama. UNkulunkulu wovuko futhi ngakho Umelwe ne-anj uphawu lokuphila, olubizwa nangokuthi isiphambano saseGibhithe noma ukhiye wokuphila, esandleni esisodwa.
Esinye sezethulo eziningi kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile ze-Anubis yisikhathi "sokulinganisa imiphefumulo.". Lesi siqephu seNcwadi Yabafileyo sitshela ukuthi u-Anubis ukala kanjani inhliziyo yomuntu esikalini njenge-counterweight kuya kuphaphe oluvela kunkulunkulukazi uMaat (uphawu lweqiniso). Uma izinhliziyo bezisinda kunophaphe bezidliwa ngu-Ammit futhi uma zilingana noma zilula kunesisindo sophaphe zizongena ezweni labafileyo futhi zikhethe ukuvuka.
Anubis Futhi ungunkulunkulu ogqumisayo, yingakho evame ukubonakala etafuleni lokugqumisa nesidumbu somufi njengomama noma esigxotsheni sakhe.
Kukho konke lokhu Wayengunkulunkulu onamandla amakhulu, abantu ababemesaba ngoba uyena owayezonquma ukuthi imiphefumulo yabo izoshonaphi. Wayehlonishwa kakhulu emongweni we inkolo yaseGibhithe.
Osiris, unkulunkulu wokufa
U-Osiris ekuqaleni wayeyinkosi yaseGibhithe lasendulo owabulawa ngendlela enyantisayo umfowabo uSeti wamphonsa emfuleni iNayile, wayezovuswa ngamandla kadadewabo uNephthys nomkakhe u-Isis. Lokhu ukufel’ ukholo kwamguqula waba unkulunkulu wokufa, wokuphila kwangemva kokufa, ijaji elibusayo yemithetho kaMaat.
Imelwe ependwe ngokuluhlaza noma umbala wenyama efile, nomzimba usongwe njengomama, ungunkulunkulu ofile. Uthweswe umqhele omhlophe we-Hedjet, uphawu lwe-Upper Egypt kanye nezimpawu zobukhosi zentonga ye-Heka kanye ne-flagellum ye-Nekhekh, ayibambe esifubeni sakhe.
Ngokuvamile omunye wabakhulu wayemelwe, ingabonakala ngokuqhubekayo emibhalweni yemibhoshongo edumile. Kuvezwe eceleni kuka-Anubis, uHorus no-Isis. Wayengomunye wonkulunkulu abahlonishwa kakhulu ngenxa yokubaluleka abaseGibhithe ababekunika ukuphila kwangemva kokufa, okuhlobene ne inganekwane yaseGibhithe lokuvuka kwakhe.
Isis, unkulunkulukazi wenyanga
Unkulunkulukazi u-Isis ubaluleke kakhulu ngendima anayo ekuvukeni kuka-Osiris, ungudadewabo nomka-Osiris futhi wayezozala uHorus. Wayehlonishwa njengonkulunkulukazi owasiza abafileyo ukuba bangene ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, njengoba nje ayenzile ngo-Osiris. Wayebhekwa njengomama ongokwaphezulu kafaro, owayehlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu uHorus.
Imelwe cnesihlalo sobukhosi njengomqhele nesihluthulelo sokuphila, kodwa eMbusweni Omusha, ezikhathini eziningi uthatha izimfanelo zikankulunkulukazi uHathor egqoke umqhele onezimpondo zenkomo nelanga phakathi kwazo.
Kwesinye isikhathi uboniswa encelisa uHorus, kodwa inganekwane mayelana nokufa nokuvuka kuka-Osiris yilokho okuboniswa kakhulu emiBhalweni yePyramid futhi iyinganekwane yaseGibhithe ebaluleke kakhulu evela kuyo.
Amandla akhe okusiza abafileyo amenza a unkulunkulukazi obalulekile nohlonishwayo, Ngaphezu kokuba namandla ngokuba ngumama kaHorus kanye noFaro, njengoba kubonakala ekumelelweni kwe unkulunkulukazi uHathor.
uSeti, unkulunkulu wobudlova
INkosi yesiphithiphithi, yesomiso, yogwadule, engalawuleki. Umfowabo nombulali ka-Osiris, umyeni kankulunkulukazi uNephthys futhi ndawonye babeyoba abazali baka-Anubis. Noma kunjalo kuye kwashiwo ngokwesiko, nakuba kukhona ukungabaza phakathi kwama-Egyptologists.
Imelwe nomzimba womuntu nenhloko yesilwane: ikhala eligobile nezindlebe eziwunxande. Ingase futhi imelelwe njengezilwane zabo ezingcwele: ingulube, isiswebhu, imbongolo, i-oryx, ingwenya, imvubu, inyoka noma inhlanzi.
Uthathwa njengomunye wonkulunkulu abadala, unkulunkulu wasogwadule owawuyifa uGebe amshiyela lona. Kwesatshwa kakhulu amandla ayo okubhubhisa, ngokuba ummeleli wobubi. Kamuva, eMbusweni Omusha, wabhekwa njengonkulunkulu wempi nezizinda, ethambisa isimo esibi esasibonakala sizungeza unkulunkulu.
Futhi unkulunkulu ovikelayo kubantu abawela ugwadule futhi babhekane neziphepho zesihlabathi. Wayebhekwa njengomunye onamandla kakhulu futhi ophikisana no-Osiris, ngakho-ke isibalo sakhe siyisisekelo Isiko laseGibhithe.
Horus, unkulunkulu wezulu
Unkulunkulu wezulu, unkulunkulu welanga. Omunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu abanemisebenzi eminingi. UFaro ufana noHorus empilweni kanye no-Osiris ekufeni. Ngakho ubuhlobo bakhe nobukhosi bamenza waba namandla, wesatshwa futhi wahlonishwa.
Umelwe njengo indoda enekhanda likakheshe noma njengokheshe lonke, enekhanda elithweswe umqhele ophindwe kabili womGibhithe ophakeme nophansi.
Umkakhe kwakungudadewabo uNut, unkulunkulukazi wesibhakabhaka, nendodana ka-Osiris no-Isis. Iso likaHorus lingenye yezimpawu ezidumile eGibhithe. Unkulunkulu wayezolahlekelwa iso lakhe kwenye yezimpi zakhe ngokumelene noSeti ukuze aphinde athole isihlalo sobukhosi sika-Osiris ngemva kokubulawa kwakhe. UHorus wayezolulama iso lakhe wanikela ngalo libe ngumnikelo kuyise ukuze aphinde abone.
Njengonkulunkulu welanga, vikela isikebhe sikaRa, ngosizo lukaSeti, ngokumelene nenyoka enkulu u-Apep. Ungumvikeli ka-Osiris futhi umlamuleli "esahlulelweni sika-Osiris" phakathi komufi noyise. Konke lokhu kumenza abe unkulunkulu onamandla, ohlonishwayo futhi obaluleke kakhulu, engumlingiswa ovelele isiphetho soFaro baseGibhithe.
Amun-Ra, inkosi yonkulunkulu
U-Amoni ukhona unkulunkulu wendalo. Uvame ukumelwa ngaleyo ndlela, ngesikhathi sokudala kanye nomkakhe u-Amonet. Ungunkulunkulu oyisisekelo ngoba nguyena odala ukuphila, onkulunkulu, iGibhithe uqobo, yonke into.
Unkulunkulu wayezothola ukubaluleka futhi uzohlangana nonkulunkulu welanga, uRa, futhi yayiyobizwa ngokuthi i-Amón-Ra noma i-Amón-Re.
Iboniswa ezikhathini eziningi njengendoda enesikhumba esiluhlaza. Ingabe kanye no-Osiris, unkulunkulu omelwe futhi ocashuniwe kunabo bonke. Wayekhulekelwa nangaphandle kwaseGibhithe futhi wayehlotshaniswa noZeus eGrisi noJupiter eRoma.
