I-Takayama Jinya ingenye yalezo zindawo ezenza uhambe ubuye ngesikhathi. Ngalé kwesango layo elikhulu lamapulangwe, enkabeni yeTakayama, ezungezwe izimakethe zasekuseni nezindlu zesintu, lesi sakhiwo sasebenza amakhulu eminyaka njengehhovisi le-shogunate laseTokugawa esifundeni saseHida kanye nendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yombusi wayo. Namuhla, isebenza njengemnyuziyamu yendlu futhi iwukuphela kwesakhiwo esikhulu esisekhona salolu hlobo kulo lonke elase-Japan, esesivele sisho ukuthi ukuvakasha kuzoba okukhethekile kangakanani.
Noma ubani osondela ku-Takayama efuna isikhathi se-Edo Japan E-Jinya, uzothola uhambo olubanzi: amakamelo okulalela, amahhovisi ababhali, izinkantolo, amakhishi, izindawo ezizimele zombusi, kanye nenqolobane enkulu lapho ilayisi elaliqoqwa khona njengentela laligcinwa khona. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nemininingwane emincane ethakazelisayo, njengemingcele ye-tatami mat eyayiphawula izinga lekamelo ngalinye noma onogwaja bensimbi abanelukuluku abafihla izipikili emishayweni.
Iyini i-Takayama Jinya futhi kungani ibaluleke kangaka?
I-Takayama Jinya (高山陣屋) yayiyisihlalo sikahulumeni wamashogunate e-Hida.kanye nendawo yokuhlala esemthethweni yombusi kanye nesakhiwo esibalulekile sokuphatha e-feudal Japan. Ngaphansi kwethemu jinya Lawa mahhovisi esifunda kahulumeni omkhulu iwona kanye afakiwe: izindawo lapho izintela, ubulungiswa, izinsiza zemvelo kanye nokuphathwa okuvamile kwendawo kwakulawulwa khona.
I-Takayama Jinya complex ihlukaniswe yaba izindawo ezintathu ezinkuluIngxenye yokuphatha neyohulumeni, indawo yokuhlala yombusi nomndeni wakhe, nendawo yokugcina izimpahla, lapho laligcinwa khona ilayisi elivela kuso sonke isifunda saseHida. Leli rayisi, likalwe phakathi khoYayilingana nengcebo namandla, ngakho-ke isikhombi saseJinya sasiwuphawu olucacile lokubaluleka kwezomnotho kwesifunda.
Okwenza i-Takayama Jinya ihluke ngempela ukuthi iyisakhiwo sokugcina esisindile sohlobo lwayo e-JapanNgesikhathi se-Edo, kwakukhona cishe ama-jinya angamashumi ayisithupha asakazeke ezweni lonke, kodwa ngokubuyiselwa kweMeiji, iningi ladilizwa noma lashintshwa. Ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwalesi sakhiwo ukusetshenziswa njengendlunkulu yokuphatha kwaze kwaba ngu-1969, inxanxathela yasindiswa ekubhidlizweni futhi manje isivikelwe njengendawo Yomlando Kazwelonke.
Ukuvakasha kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole cishe yonke inkimbinkimbi.udlulela ku-labyrinth yoqobo yamata we-tatami, amaphaneli ashelelayo, nezingadi ezincane zangaphakathi. Amakamelo aye avuselelwa ngothando futhi ahambisana namapaneli achazayo (ikakhulukazi ngesiJapane nesiNgisi) asiza ukuqonda umsebenzi wekamelo ngalinye nendlela uhulumeni wendawo owawuhlelwe ngayo phakathi nokubusa kwe-shogun.
U-Takayama Jinya akayona "isigodlo esikhulu" ngesitayela sezinqaba ezidumileKepha kulapho kanye ingxenye yentelezi yayo ilele khona: kuyindawo epholile, esebenzayo futhi eyiqiniso kakhulu, efanelekile ukuqedela ukuvakasha kwe-Takayama nokuthola umbono ocacile wokuthi amandla aphathwa kanjani ezingeni lesifunda e-Samurai Japan.
Ukusuka endaweni yokuhlala yesizwe samaKanamori kuya ehhovisi le-shogunate yaseTokugawa
Umsuka we-Takayama Jinya ubuyela esikhathini sokuqala se-EdoLokhu kwakungesikhathi isizwe samaKanamori esinamandla sibusa eSifundazweni SaseHida. Ngo-1615, indawo yokuhlala enezivikelo eziqinile yaqedwa lapha, phansi kweTakayama Castle, eyayimi egqumeni elibhekene ngqo. Lesi sithabathaba isikhathi eside sasiyindlu enkulu yamaKanamori, amakhosi akulesi sifunda.
Indaba ithatha ithuba ngo-1692Lapho i-shogunate yaseTokugawa inquma ukuthi iSifundazwe saseHida sasibaluleke kakhulu ukuba singasishiya ezandleni zenkosi yendawo, isizathu sasingesona sezempi kakhulu njengezomnotho: indawo yayimbozwe amahlathi acebile, ngokhuni lomsayiphuresi. hinoki nezinhlobo ezahlukene zikaphayini, izinto zokwakha eziphambili e-Edo (iTokyo yanamuhla).
Ngawo lowo nyaka uHida waba insimu tenryoOkusho ukuthi, yaba ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqondile kwe-shogun, ngaphandle kokulamula kwe-daimyo yendawo. Umndeni wakwaKanamori wathuthelwa esizindeni sakwaDewa (indawo yanamuhla yaseYamagata nase-Akita), kwathi ihhovisi likahulumeni elisha, iTakayama Jinya, lasungulwa endaweni okwakuhlala kuyona.
Kusukela ngo-1692 kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi se-Edo, iJinya yayiyisikhungo sangempela samandla esifundazweniIzizukulwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu zabaphathi ezazithunyelwe zisuka e-Edo zadlula kulawa mahholo, zahlala iminyaka embalwa eTakayama ngaphambi kokuba zithathelwe indawo ezinye izikhulu. Kusukela kulawa mahhovisi, ukuxhashazwa kwamahlathi, ukuqoqwa kwentela yelayisi, imisebenzi yomphakathi, ukuvikeleka emigwaqweni nasemingceleni, ngisho nobugebengu nobulungisa bomphakathi.
Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwe-Meiji kwe-1868Lapho isimiso sobukhosi sihlakazwa futhi amandla ebuyela kumbusi, amajinya amaningi ezwe abhidlizwa noma alahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo. Ngokuphambene, u-Takayama Jinya waphinde wahlonzwa njengehhovisi lesifunda futhi kamuva njengehhovisi lesifunda, wagcina ukusetshenziswa kwawo kukahulumeni cishe kungaphazamiseki kuze kube ngu-1969. Lokhu kuqhubeka yikho okusivumele ukuba sikuhlole cishe konke namuhla.
Ukufinyelela endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi: isango elikhulu neminyango eyisikhombisa
Ukuxhumana kokuqala noTakayama Jinya kufika lapho ewela isango layo elikhulu elihlaba umxhwele.Isango elaqala ngo-1832 limi phakathi nedolobha. Indawo ebiyelwe izungezwe udonga olwake lwasebenza ngendlela ecacile yokuvikela nokulawula ukufinyelela, ngakho-ke umuzwa lapho ungena ngowokweqa umngcele wangempela phakathi komgwaqo nomhlaba wokuphatha i-feudal.
Ngale kwesango kuvula indlela yokungena enakekelwe kahleizungezwe izingadi ezincane zesihlabathi esimhlophe esine-motif yendabuko seigaihaIphethini yegagasi eyenziwe ngesitayela emele ulwandle olunwebeka luye kokungapheli. Lo mklamo, owawusemfashinini kakhulu phakathi nenkathi ye-Edo, wawubhekwa njengento enhle ngoba wawufanekisela ukuchuma okungapheli.
Izivakashi zanamuhla zingena lapho okwakuyisango elikhulu lombusi, ephawulwe ngekhethini elikhulu noren ne inyoni noma ijazi lezikhali lomndeni wakwaTokugawa. Phakathi nenkathi ye-Edo, ukufinyelela kwakugcinelwe umbusi nabahloli abathunyelwa ngokuqondile besuka e-Edo; bonke abanye babenqatshelwe ukuyisebenzisa.
Sekukonke, umkhakha wokuphatha wakwaJinya ube neminyango eyisikhombisa ehlukene.Umnyango ngamunye wabelwa iqembu ngokwesikhundla salo senhlalo nomsebenzi: izikhulu zezinga elithile, abameleli bedolobha, izindela, izithunywa, izivakashi ezisezingeni eliphansi, njalonjalo. Phakathi nokuvakasha, eminingana yale minyango eseceleni ingatholwa, imininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu esiza ukuqonda izinga abaphathi abangene ngalo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
Uma usungenile, indawo yokungena enkulu yokwamukela abantu inobukhazikhazi i-tokoma (i-niche yokuhlobisa) cishe ngamamitha angu-4,5 ubude. Udonga lwalokho i-tokoma I-motif nayo iyakhanya seigaihaNakuba okubonayo namuhla kuwukukhiqiza kabusha: iphaneli yoqobo igcinwa ivikelekile esibayeni.
Imininingwane okungafanele uyiphuthelwe: onogwaja be-mamuki kanye nemingcele ye-tatami
Ngaphambi kokugijima uyohlola amagumbi njengokuthi alikho ikusasaKuyafaneleka ukuthi ume kancane ukuze ucabangele imininingwane embalwa yedizayini eveza okuningi mayelana nesimo sengqondo yangaleso sikhathi futhi eyisici sika-Takayama Jinya.
Okubizwa ngonogwaja umama Zingenye yalezo zithinta ezicashile ezinganakwa lapho uqala nje.Lezi izingcezu zensimbi ezincane, ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngethusi noma ngethusi, ezimise okonogwaja ikhanda libheke phambili namadlebe abheke phezulu. Umsebenzi wabo osebenzayo ukumboza amakhanda ezipikili ezinsikeni kanye nemishayo emakamelweni abaluleke kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuqedwa okungenasici.
Ukukhethwa kukanogwaja akukona ngengozi.Ngokwesiko lamaJapane, lesi silwane siwuphawu lwenqubekelaphambili kanye nokunqoba ubunzima, njengoba sivame ukuvezwa sigxuma siye phambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unogwaja uthathwa njengohlobo lukankulunkulu womlilo, okwenza umqondo ophelele esakhiweni sokhuni esisengozini yomlilo. Izindlebe zayo ezinkulu futhi zivusa umbusi olalela izidingo zabantu futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi kuhlala kunezindlebe eduze—indlela enhle yokusikisela ukuthi ukuqamba amanga nokuhleba akuvunyelwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Esinye isici esiyinhloko yi- tatami-beri, amabhande endwangu aqeda imiphetho yamacansiLe mingcele ingabonakala kunoma iyiphi indlu yaseJapane yesimanje, kodwa esakhiweni sesigaba sikaTakayama Jinya, umbala wabo, izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nephethini zazilawulwa ngokuqinile ngokwezinga lalabo abasebenzisa igumbi nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Emakamelweni abaluleke kakhulu, imingcele yenziwe ngosilika ngamaphethini wejometri nama-shades afana ne-indigo blue.Le mingcele ibekelwe izindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, njengehholo elikhulu lokwamukela izivakashi noma amahhovisi lapho izikhulu eziphezulu zazisebenza khona. Ngokuphambene, emakamelweni enkonzo noma emahhovisi ezisebenzi zikahulumeni ezisezingeni eliphansi, imingcele ibukelwa phansi kakhulu noma ayikho nhlobo. Ukuzibheka njengoba uhlola isakhiwo kuyindlela ebonakalayo kakhulu "yokufunda" i-hierarchy yekamelo ngalinye.
Indawo yokuphatha: amahhovisi kahulumeni kanye negumbi lezindaba ezisemthethweni
Inhliziyo ye-bureaucratic ye-complex itholakala endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-daikanshoIhhovisi lombusi. Leli igumbi elikhulu lokuqala olithola ekuqaleni kohambo. Lapha, umqondisi othunyelwe evela e-Edo wasebenza nabasizi bakhe, elawula yonke into ehlobene neSifundazwe SaseHida.
Kule ndawo amahlathi ayelawulwa, futhi kwahlelwa imisebenzi yomphakathi.Amarekhodi omhlaba ayegcinwa lapho, futhi kwakusingathwa izindaba zentela nezokwahlulela. Isithombe singesegumbi elikhulu elimbozwe ngomata be-tatami, lapho izikhulu zazihlala khona phansi, zizungezwe imibhalo nezibhebhe zokhuni ezazisebenza njengengobo yomlando namafayela.
Okulandelayo, ungena egumbini lezindaba elisemthethweni.lapho abaningi balabo ababekade bengaphansi komndeni wakwaKanamori babesebenza khona, behlala esifundeni ngemva kokuba indawo idlulele ezandleni ze-shogun. Abaningi babo basuka ekubeni yinkosi yaba yizikhulu eziphakeme ezikhundleni zokuphatha zaseTokugawa, ezizinikele ekuphatheni izintaba, amahlathi nezindawo zonogada.
Ngaphandle kwale ndawo, kuvulandi noma engawaKukhona ukuvulwa okusebenze njengenkantolo encane yombangoKuleso sikhala, izingxabano phakathi kwabantu zazisingathwa, ukungaboni ngaso linye okuncane kwaxazululwa, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, kwakumenyezelwa imiklomelo noma imiklomelo. Kuyisikhumbuzo esicacile sokuthi amaJinya ayengagcini ngokuqoqa izintela kodwa futhi ayephatha ubulungisa ezingeni lendawo.
Amakamelo etiye, amagumbi okulinda, namahhovisi ababhali
Ngaphambili kwenkimbinkimbi kunekamelo elincane letiye kanye namakamelo okulinda amaninganaIsango ngalinye lalinokungena kwalo okukhethekile kuye ngokuthi isivakashi sasingubani. Phakathi kwazo kwakukhona isango elaklanyelwe izindela ezingamaBuddha kuphela, ezafeza indima ebalulekile ezindabeni zokuphatha ezinjengokubhalisa izakhamuzi nokukhipha izitifiketi zokuhlala phakathi nenkathi ye-Edo.
Phakathi nendawo yegumbi letiye kugcinwe a i-iroriikhaya elicwile emhlabathini egcwele umlotha nesihlabathi, okulenga phezu kwayo i-teapot emiswe ngehhuku ehlotshiswe ngesimo senhlanzi yakudala. Lolu hlobo lwe-brazier lwalusetshenziselwa ukushisisa amanzi etiye futhi ukufudumala igumbi, futhi lusabonakala ngokujwayelekile ryokan bendabuko noma ezindlini gassho-zukuri by Shirakawago.
Amahhovisi ababhali atholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lweJinya.Amakamelo amancane lapho imibhalo esemthethweni yayibhalwe khona futhi yakopishwa ngesandla: izincwadi zokubala irayisi, amarekhodi emboni yezingodo, izimemezelo, imibiko, amalayisense kanye nawo wonke amaphepha adingekayo ukuze kubuse isifundazwe sonke ngaphandle kwamakhompyutha noma amaphrinta, kunjalo.
Lezi zikhala zibonisa uhlangothi "olufana nehhovisi" lukahulumeni waseTokugawa.Amatafula aphansi, amabhulashi, oyinki nezitaki zamaphepha—konke kwahlelwa ngendlela yokuba ibutho lezikhulu ezisezikhundleni eziphansi likwazi ukugcina izikhulu zezikhulu zisebenza kahle. Kusuka lapha, yonke imininingwane yezinsiza ezishiya i-Hida ukuya enhlokodolobha yaqashelwa.
Indawo yokuhlala: impilo yangasese yombusi
Ngalé kwendawo yokuphatha, ungafinyelela uphiko lokuhlala.lapho kwakuhlala khona umbusi nomndeni wakhe. Lapha umkhathi uyashintsha: amakamelo asondelene kakhulu, imibono yengadi yangaphakathi iyanda, futhi umhlobiso uba ngcono kakhulu, nakuba njalo ngaphakathi kokuhluzeka okujwayelekile kwesikhathi.
Igumbi lokuqala eliphawulekayo kulesi sigaba yi- zashiki noma igumbi lezivakashiindawo ephakathi nendawo phakathi komphakathi nengasese. Lapha umbusi wathola izivakashi ezibalulekile, kodwa futhi wayekwazi ukubamba imihlangano nabangaphansi bezinga elithile. Kwe i-tokoma Ngokuvamile zibekwe zibheke phezulu. kakemono kanye nocezu lobumba oluhle, olukhethwe ngokwenkathi yonyaka, njengoba kushiwo imikhuba emihle yangaleso sikhathi.
Okulandelayo, sifika endaweni ima, ikamelo lokuphumula lombusiLeli gumbi lawuphawula ngokucacile umngcele phakathi kwendawo yokusebenza kanye nendilinga yomuntu siqu. Ngaphezu komunye i-tokoma Okuhlakaniphe kakhulu, okudonsa amehlo kuncane i-irori maphakathi negumbi, okwakusebenza kokubili ukushisa igumbi nokulungisa okuthile okulula ukukudla noma ukuphuza. Iphethini seigaiha Ukuyidweba esihlabathini kuhle kakhulu futhi kuyi-photogenic.
Usuka endlini yokuphumula udlula uye noma, ikamelo lokuphumula lomkambusiLe ndawo manje isiyindawo yangasese, igcinelwe abantu besifazane abahlala kule ndawo. kakemono ehlobisa i i-tokoma Ivamise ukuba nomoya othambile, ngokuhambisana nobuhle bendabuko obuhlotshaniswa nabesifazane abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Ekamelweni, umuntu angakwazi futhi ukwazisa a nagamochi, isifuba esikhulu, esibude lapho Babegcina ama-kimono, izingubo zokulala nezindwangu ezibalulekile.
Womabili amakamelo anokufinyelela okuqondile engadini yangaphakathi.Indawo eseceleni nethule, kude nesiphithiphithi somnyango omkhulu. Imibono evela kule ngxenye yesakhiwo cishe iphakathi kokujabulisa kakhulu kulo lonke ukuvakasha, ikakhulukazi kusuka ekamelweni elilandelayo, elaziwa ngokuthi ihholo lombusi.
I-Arashiyama no Ma, Ihholo Lombusi kanye Negumbi Letiye Elincane
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-Arashiyama no Ma, eyaziwa nangokuthi goimaLeli yigumbi umbusi alisebenzisa nsuku zonke ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala. Yindawo ehlanganisa umsebenzi wegumbi lokuphumula eliyimfihlo nomoya othize osemthethweni.
Ku i-tokoma Umkhumbi wensimbi oshayayo uyagqama.kanye nomqulu oqondile obhalwe nge-Chinese calligraphy, into eyaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwezifundiswa zangenkathi ye-Edo. Le ngxube yezingcezu zokuhlobisa ikhuluma nokunambitheka okucolisisiwe okulindeleke kusikhulu esiphezulu se-shogunate.
Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngale ngxenye yeJinya yigumbi elincane letiye elitholakala ngemuva kwayoYindawo eklanyelwe ukugubha okwangempela imikhosi yetiye, nge i-irori lapho amanzi ayeshiselwa khona futhi emancane i-tokoma ehlotshiswe nge i-ikebana composition futhi a kakemono zonyaka.
Leli gumbi libonisa kahle izinga umcimbi wetiye ube yingxenye yephrothokholi kanye nempilo yansuku zonke yabaphambili. Kunokuba kube nje isiko lobuhle, futhi kwakuyisizinda sezingxoxo zezombangazwe nezingxoxo ezibucayi, ezimbozwe ukuzola okulawulwayo kwe-tatami nomsindo wamanzi abilayo.
Impilo yezinceku: izindawo zokuhlala zezincekukazi namakhishi
Eshintsha amagiya, uhambo lube seluholela ezindaweni ezihlala izintombilapho kwakuhlala khona izincekukazi eziphethe umbusi nomndeni wakhe, zilala khona. Lapha umehluko wesimo ubonakala ngokucacile: akukho i-tokomaUbuso buqinile futhi emaphethelweni ama-tatami mats awanazo izindwangu zikanokusho ezibonwa kwezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo.
Kukhona neziko elincane kuleli gumbi. i-irori ngetiye elilengayoKodwa ihhuku eliyiphethe lilula kakhulu kunalawo abonakala emakamelweni ahloniphekile. Le mininingwane emincane ibonisa indlela isigaba senhlalo esiboniswe ngayo ngisho nasezicini ezibonakala zingesesibili njengehhuku le-cauldron.
Ikhishi elikhulu litholakala endaweni yezincekukazi., enye yezindawo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi uma uthanda ukubona "ngemuva kwezigcawu" zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ikhishi lihlukaniswe izigaba eziningana: eyodwa enomhlaba oqinile (isizinda) lapho kutholakala khona imililo emikhulu kanye nezindawo zokuphekela, nenye enesitezi sokhuni kanye nezitofu ezimbalwa ezengeziwe.
Ekhishini lakwaJinya kwakuphekwa ngokuhlukana ukudla komndeni kamphathi kanye nabasebenzi.Izitofu ezisetshenziselwa ukudla kombusi azizange zibekwe phansi ngqo phansi, kanti lezo ezisetshenziswa abasebenzi bezibuye zikhombise ukwehluka ngokwezikhundla. Namuhla, izingcezu ezihlukahlukene zezitsha zetafula ezisetshenziswa umndeni ziboniswa kulesi sikhala, kanye nezitsha zokupheka zendabuko.
Ekamelweni elincane eliseduze le-tatami, elingenayo imingcele ehlotshisiwe, izincekukazi kanye nabanye abasebenzi babedla.Ukungabi bikho kwemihlobiso nobulula bezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuphambene namagumbi angaphambili, okwenza kucace ukuthi ubani owayephethe nokuthi ubani, ngomsebenzi wabo, owasekela ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwalesi sakhiwo.
I-Ohiroma: ihholo elikhulu lokwamukela abantu
Uma ubuyela endaweni emaphakathi, ufinyelela ohiroma, ihholo elikhulu lokwamukela izivakashi Itholakala ngemuva komnyango omkhulu, iyihholo elikhulu kunawo wonke eTakayama Jinya futhi lakhiwe ngesitayela shoin-zukuri, okuwumsuka wemizi emihle yangaleso sikhathi.
Lapho iminyango eshelelayo yangaphakathi ivuleka ngokugcweleIhholo lifinyelela endaweni ehlaba umxhwele yamatami angama-49. Kule ndawo kwakunemikhosi nemikhosi ebalulekile, njengemikhosi kaNcibijane, okwakungenye yezinsuku ezibalulekile ekhalendeni lezombangazwe nezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe ohiroma kukhona i-tokoma ngemiqulu emibili ye-Chinese calligraphyLe mibhalo, eyayibhalwe ngemibono emikhulu, yayingeyona nje imihlobiso nje kuphela kodwa futhi yayivame ukudlulisa izigijimi zobuhle, ukwethembeka, noma ukuchuma, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ikamelo lapho kwakwamukelwa khona izivakashi ezivelele.
Kusukela kuvulandi noma engawa Kusukela ehholo elikhulu, umuntu angajabulela ukubukwa okuhle kwengadi.eyayinikeza ukuphola ehlobo kanye nokuthinta ukuthula phakathi nemibuthano esemthethweni. Ezikhathini ezithile zonyaka, njengekwindla noma iqhwa lokuqala, umehluko phakathi kwengaphakathi lamapulangwe kanye ne-landscape yengadi i-photogenic ngempela.
Igumbi lezithunywa, inkantolo, kanye negumbi lokuphenywa
Eduze kwehholo elikhulu kukhona okuthiwa yigumbi lezithunywa.Leli gumbi laliklanyelwe ukuhlalisa izithunywa nezikhulu ezisuka e-Edo ukuze ziqondise abaphathi bendawo noma zilethe imiyalo ebalulekile. I-palanquin yaleso sikhathi, indlela yokuthutha evamile yabantu abaphakeme, iboniswa lapha. Yayisetshenziswa emizileni efana ne-Hida Kaidō, igatsha le-Nakasendō elixhuma i-Edo ne-Kyoto ngeSigodi sase-Kiso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-complex sithola i- oshirasu, indawo eyenzelwe ukuphenywa kobugebengu nokuqulwa kwamacalaLesi sikhala sasisebenza njengenkantolo negumbi lokuphenywa, futhi sibonisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene okuhlushwa ayesetshenziswa—noma okungenani aboniswe—phakathi nenkathi ye-Edo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isimiso sokwahlulela senkathi ye-Edo ngokuvamile sasifuna ukuthola ukuvuma izono.Ukusetshenziswa kwempoqo kwakuyinto evamile. Kukholakala, nokho, ukuthi eminye yemishini ekhonjiswe eTakayama Jinya yasetshenziswa ukwesabisa nokujezisa, kanti ukuhlukunyezwa okunzima kakhulu kwenziwa ezikhungweni zamajele angaphandle.
Kwenye indawo kunegceke lenkantolo yesibili, futhi ebizwa oshirasu Amanye amaphaneli ayekhuluma ngqo namacala obugebengu. Lapho isiboshwa sesigwetshiwe, sasivalelwe ohlotsheni lwekheji yokhuni ukuze siyiswe e-Edo, into echazwa ngokuningiliziwe emaphaneli okwaziswa.
I-Onkura: inqolobane yerayisi esemthethweni
Uhambo luphelela e onkura, inqolobane esemthethweni enkulukazi yalesi sakhiwoLesi sakhiwo sibonakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene engadini ngenxa yobukhulu baso, sathuthwa ngo-1695 sisuka endaweni ebiyelwe ngaphandle kweTakayama Castle (indawo i-sannomaru) endaweni okuyo manje, ngemva nje kokuba i-Hida ibe insimu elawulwa ngokuqondile i-shogun.
Isakhiwo sokuqala senqolobane kukholakala ukuthi saqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17.Lokhu kuyenza ibe ngesinye sezindawo zokugcina irayisi ezindala kakhulu nezilondolozwe kangcono kusukela esikhathini se-Edo. Izindonga zalo eziwugqinsi ezingongqimba kanye nophahla olunezitebhisi kuklanyelwe ukuvikela izinqolobane emlilweni, umswakama, nezinambuzane.
Ku onkura Irayisi elaqoqwa njengentela kuso sonke isifundazwe saseHida lagcinwaNjengoba uHida ayengaphansi kokuqondisa okuqondile kwe-shogun, leli rayisi laba umthombo obalulekile wemali kuhulumeni omkhulu. Ubukhulu besigodlo buyinkomba enhle yomcebo okhiqizwa amahlathi namasimu esifunda.
Namuhla kungenzeka ukuthi ungene esibayeni futhi ubuke isakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele sokhunikanye nokuphefumula kulowo mkhathi opholile futhi onesizotha othize okhumbula indlela okwakubaluleke ngayo, eJapane yobukhosi, ukulawula izinqolobane zokusanhlamvu. Kwezinye izindawo, izingcezu zokuhlobisa zangempela ziyaboniswa, njengephaneli enephethini yangempela. seigaiha eyayivikelwe ngokuyisusa lapha emnyango omkhulu.
I-Jinya-mae Asaichi Morning Market
Khona kanye phambi kwe-Takayama Jinya, imakethe ye-Jinya-mae Asaichi ibanjwa njalo ekuseni.IJinya ingenye yezimakethe ezimbili ezidumile zasekuseni zedolobha. Enye ibekwe osebeni loMfula iMiyagawa futhi ivamise ukuba nkulu futhi ihehe izivakashi, kodwa iJinya inentelezi ekhetheke kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile kunezindawo zokudayisa ezingamashumi amahlanu kule makethe lapho abalimi nabakhiqizi bendawo bethengisa khona imifino, izithelo, izimbali, amakhukhamba enziwe ekhaya (tsukemono), amakhambi asezintabeni nemifino (sansai) ngisho nemisebenzi ethile yezandla elula, njengezigqizo ezivamile sarubobo, onodoli bendwangu abangenabuso abayisici sikaHida.
Umqondo ongcono kakhulu ukuthi ungene emakethe kuqala bese ungena eJinyaNgale ndlela, ungajabulela umehluko phakathi kokuphithizela kwezitolo kanye nokuzola okucishe kube komkhosi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Ukudla okulula kwasendaweni ngaphambi kokukhumula izicathulo nokungena e-tatami nakho kuwuhlelo oluphelele.
Kubathandi bezithombe, imakethe ye-Jinya-mae Asaichi inikeza izigcawu ezimibalabala kakhulu.: inqwaba yemifino, ogogo bendawo abanakekela izitebele zabo, izivakashi ziphequlula, futhi ngemuva, umfanekiso weTakayama Jinya namakhethini ayo norenCishe uzogcina usudla okuthile, ngoba ukhukhamba nemikhiqizo yasekhaya ibukeka imangalisa.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo: amahora okuvula, amanani kanye nokufinyeleleka
I-Takayama Jinya ivuliwe cishe unyaka wonkeAmahora okuvula ajwayelekile asuka ku-8:45 a.m. kuya ku-17:00 p.m., ehliselwe ku-16:30 p.m. phakathi kukaNovemba noMashi. Ngo-August, ngenxa yokutheleka kwezivakashi, amahora okuvula ngokuvamile anwetshwa kuze kube u-18:00 p.m. I-resort ivaliwe ngamaholide kaNcibijane, cishe kusukela ngoDisemba 29 kuya kuJanuwari 3.
Ukungena kwabantu abadala kuzungeze i-430-450 yenIzintengo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesizini nanoma yiziphi izinguquko zentengo ezingaba khona. Labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 (okuhlanganisa abafundi abancane nabadala) ngokuvamile bangena mahhala, futhi izaphulelo zeqembu ziyatholakala kumaqembu wabangu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uhlole iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Takayama Jinya ukuze uthole amashejuli akamuva nezintengo.
Kufanele ukhumule izicathulo ukuze ungene esakhiweniLokhu kuvamile emabhilidini omlando anamata we-tatami. Kungcono ukugqoka amasokisi ahloniphekile futhi, uma ufuna ukuba sehlangothini oluphephile, isikhwama sepulasitiki sezicathulo zakho, nakuba izikhwama ezisebenziseka kabusha ngokuvamile zitholakala emnyango.
Mayelana nokufinyeleleka, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yisakhiwo senkathi ye-EdoIsayithi linezinyathelo, imigudu emincane, kanye nezinguquko ezingeni. Imigwaqo yesikhashana ifakiwe kwezinye izindawo, kodwa akuwona wonke umzila ofinyeleleka ngezihlalo zabakhubazekile noma abantu abahamba kancane. Uma lokhu kusebenza kuwe, kufanelekile ukuhlola kusenesikhathi ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezingavakashelwa ngaphandle kobunzima.
Indawo ilula kakhulu: IJinya imayelana nohambo lwemizuzu eyi-10-15 ukusuka esiteshini sase-JR TakayamaUkulandela uhambo olulula phakathi kwedolobha. Ikheli elilinganiselwe lithi 1-5 Hachikenmachi, Takayama-shi, Gifu Prefecture, futhi indawo ibhalwe kahle kumamephu ezivakashi.
Ungamhlanganisa kanjani uTakayama Jinya ekuvakasheni kwakho kwedolobha
I-Takayama iyidolobha eliphelele ongalihlola ngezinyawo noma ngebhayisikili eliqashiwe.Ngakho-ke, ukufika e-Jinya usuka cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala emaphakathi ngeke kuthathe ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa. Izincwadi eziningi zokuqondisa zitusa ukuthi uqale usuku lwakho kusenesikhathi ezimakethe zasekuseni (eJinya naseMiyagawa) bese uvakashela isakhiwo lapho ilanga selishisa kancane.
Ngokufanelekile, kufanele uhlanganise i-Takayama Jinya nokuzulazula esikhungweni esingokomlando se-Sanmachi Suji.Isifunda sendabuko sinemigwaqo emithathu emikhulu ephahlwe izindlu zamapulangwe zangenkathi ye-Edo. Lapha uzothola ama-distilleries ngenxa ephawulwe ngamabhola omsedari ajwayelekile (sugidama), izitolo zezandla ezincane kanye nezindawo zokucima ukoma lapho ungazama khona amakhono asendaweni njengenyama ye-Hida.
Uma uzochitha isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku e-Takayama, kuwumqondo omuhle ukunikela ekuseni ku-Jinya nedolobha elidala. Futhi ugcine intambama yezindawo ezifana ne-Hida no Sato (Hida Folk Village), imnyuziyamu evulekile enezindlu zendabuko ezisuswe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesifunda. Olunye uhambo losuku lwakudala olusuka e-Takayama yi-Shirakawago, edume ngezindlu zayo zendabuko. gassho-zukuri enophahla olutshekile.
Ukuze ufike eTakayama usuka kwamanye amadolobha amakhulu Njenge-Kyoto, i-Osaka, noma i-Tokyo, kuvamile ukuhlanganisa i-Shinkansen (isitimela esiyinhlamvu) esiya e-Toyama noma e-Nagoya nesitimela esinesivinini esilinganiselwe (njenge-Hida Limited Express) esihamba endaweni ekhangayo yezintaba. Iziqondiso eziningi ze-inthanethi zinikeza amamephu ahlanganiswe ne-Google Amamephu nezeluleko ezinemininingwane zalolu hambo.
Yize u-Takayama Jinya engahlali ephakathi "kokufanele kubonwe" ochungechungeni oluqinileLabo abazinika isikhathi sokuyivakashela bavame ukujabula. Akusona isakhiwo esihle uma usibuka nje, kodwa ingenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili kulo lonke elase-Japan ukuqonda ukuthi abaphathi be-shogunate basebenza kanjani ngempela nokuthi impilo yayihlelwe kanjani endlunkulu kahulumeni wesifunda.
Ehamba engafakile zicathulo enqamula ocansini lwe-tatami kaTakayama Jinya, ebona onogwaja bensimbi abafihla izipikili, befunda imiphetho yamacansi e-tatami njengokungathi ibalazwe lezigaba, belunguza ezingadini emakamelweni angasese futhi baphelele esitokisini lapho kwakugcinwe khona ilayisi lesifundazwe sonke. Kuyinto ehlanganisa umlando, izakhiwo kanye nempilo yansuku zonke ye-Edo Japan endaweni eyodwa, ingena kahle kunoma yiluphi uhambo oluya edolobheni elihle laseTakayama.
