Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu ngemva kosomkhathi base- uhlelo lwe-apollo Bashiye izinyathelo zabo ebusweni benyanga, I-NASA ilungiselela ukuthumela abantu emuva endaweni ezungezile yenyanga. kanye nomsebenzi we-Artemis II. Lolu hambo lokuhlola, oluthatha cishe izinsuku eziyishumi, ngeke lwehlele ebusweni benyanga, kodwa luzophawula ukubuya kwabasebenzi ngale komjikelezo ophansi woMhlaba okokuqala kusukela ngo-1972.
I-Artemis II izoba yi- ukwethulwa kokuqala nosomkhathi be- uhlelo olusha lokuhlola inyangaIrokhethi enkulu ye-Space Launch System (SLS) kanye ne-Orion spacecraft. Umgomo awukona nje umbukwane, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ngokuphelele ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zisebenza ngokuphephile, kusukela ekusekeleni ukuphila kuya ekungeneni ngesivinini esikhulu, ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo: ukufika kwenyanga kwesikhathi esizayo kohlelo lwe-Artemis kanye, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugxuma uye eMars.
Iyini i-Artemis II futhi kungani ibaluleke kangaka?
Umsebenzi we-Artemis II ucatshangwa njengomsebenzi indiza yokuhlola enomuntu esikhaleni esijulile. Izindiza ezine zizohamba ngesikebhe se-OrionIthulwe ngerokhethi ye-SLS evela eLaunch Complex 39B eKennedy Space Center eFlorida, umsebenzi uzokwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi. Abasebenzi bazoshiya umjikelezo woMhlaba, bazungeze iNyanga, bese bebuyela eMhlabeni belandela indlela eklanywe ngokucophelela.
Lo mzila, owaziwa ngokuthi indlela yokubuya yamahhala noma indlela "yokudubula ngendwayimane"Yakhelwe ngendlela yokuthi indizamkhathi ikwazi ukubuyela ekhaya ngisho noma kwenzeka ukuthi uhlelo lokuqhutshwa luhlulekile. Ngokungafani nemisebenzi ye-Apollo, eyangena emzileni ophansi wenyanga, i-Orion izosebenzisa umjikelezo omkhulu ozungeze iNyanga, olungiselelwe ubukhulu kanye nomklamo we-capsule yesimanje.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile kuzoba yi- ukuqinisekiswa kwangempela kwe uhlelo lokusekela impilo kanye nokulawulwa kwemvelo kwe-OrionLezi zinhlelo kumele zinikeze abasebenzi umoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa elanele, amanzi aphinde asetshenziswe, kanye nendawo yokuhlala kulo lonke uhambo, into evivinywe kuze kube manje emhlabeni noma ngaphandle kwabantu abasemkhunjini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi uzosiza ekulungiseni ukusebenza kwe-SLS rocket kanye nezinhlelo zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa ne- izinqubo zokuxhumana, ukuzulazula, amandla kanye nokusebenza okuhlangene phakathi kwe-NASA namaButho Ahlomile ase-United States ngesikhathi sokwethulwa nokululama olwandle.
Ezingeni elihlelekile, i-Artemis II ibhekwa eWashington nakwamanye amadolobha amakhulu njenge ingqophamlando emjahweni omusha oya eNyangeniI-United States incintisana kulo mzamo, phakathi kokunye, nohlelo lwesikhala saseShayina oluthuthuka ngokushesha. Inhloso eshiwoyo ukusungula ukuba khona komuntu okuqhubekayo endaweni yasenyangeni nokufunda ukuphila ngaphandle koMhlaba ukulungiselela imisebenzi emikhulu kakhulu.
Ithimba: amagama amane omsebenzi omlando
I-capsule ye-Orion izoqala nge: UReid Wiseman, uVictor Glover noChristina Koch, abavela kwi-NASA, kanye noJeremy Hansen, abavela kwi-Canadian Space Agency (CSA)Leli yiqembu elikhethwe ngokucophelela, elinolwazi lwangaphambilini emkhathini ngaphandle kukaHansen, ozoqala ukudlala kulo msebenzi.
UWiseman uzosebenza njengo umphathi wemishiniEkugcineni uGlover uzoba nesibopho sokuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokuqaliswa kohlelo lokundiza. umshayeli, ophethe ukulawula izindiza-mkhathi kanye nokunyakaza ngesandla okuzokwenziwa kokubili ekuzungeza uMhlaba kanye naseduze neNyanga ukuqinisekisa amakhono okushayela e-Orion.
UChristina Koch noJeremy Hansen bazodlala indima yabadlali abavelele. ochwepheshe bemishiniUmsebenzi wabo uzosukela ekuqapheni izinhlelo ezisemotweni kuya ekwenzeni izivivinyo zesayensi kanye nokubuka komhlaba ebusweni benyanga, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olukude, lapho kuzofundwa khona imigodi yomthelela kanye nokugeleza kwe-lava yasendulo.
Ithimba selivele liqambe umkhumbi "Ubuqotho"Lokhu kuwuphawu lokuzibophezela kwe-NASA ekuthembekeni nasekubonakaleni kulo mjikelezo omusha wokuhlola umkhathi. Ezinyangeni zamuva nje, osomkhathi abane baqede ukuzijwayeza okubalulekile ngosuku lokwethulwa, okuhlanganisa ukugqoka amasudi acindezelwe, ukufinyelela i-capsule, nokulingisa ukubala phansi kube yimizuzwana ngaphambi kokuba kusuke.
Okwamanje, bayaqhubeka ne- ukuqeqeshwa okujulile kuma-simulatorsUkuziqeqesha okuphuthumayo, izikhathi zezokwelapha, kanye nokuhlolwa kokukhuthazela konke kuyingxenye yokulungiselela. Isici esiyisisekelo sigxile ekufundeni ukuphatha okungaziwa: isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuthintana noMhlaba, izindawo ezinemisebe enamandla kakhulu kune-International Space Station, kanye nengcindezi yengqondo yokuba ngowokuqala ukuqhubeka nohambo oluya esibhakabhakeni esijulile.
Izinsuku ezilindelekile, iwindi lokwethulwa, kanye nephrofayili yendiza
I-NASA ihlele ukwethulwa kwe-Artemis II ku- ikota yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2026ngefasitela elizovulwa ngoFebhuwari 6 futhi liqhubeke kuze kube ngu-Ephreli. Uma ufuna imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ukuvula iwindi Futhi mayelana nokuhlela kwayo, le nhlangano ishicilele ulwazi oluthile mayelana naleso sikhathi. Ukukhethwa kwalezi zinsuku kusekelwe ku-geometry phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga, okumele ivumele kokubili ukundiza kwenyanga okufiselekayo kanye nokungena kabusha okuphephile nokusheshayo.
Uma ukuqaliswa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwalelo windi, umsebenzi uzoba ne- Isikhathi esilinganiselwa ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumiNgemva kokushiya iphedi yokwethula i-39B, irokhethi le-SLS lizoqhubela i-Orion spacecraft e-Earth orbit. Lapho, lizoqedela imijikelezo eminingana yeplanethi ngenkathi izinhlelo ezibalulekile zihlolwa futhi konke kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kusebenza njengoba kuhleliwe.
Ngesikhathi se- izinsuku ezimbili zokuqala zendizaIthimba lizokwenza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezinhlelo ze-Orion kanye nokuzivocavoca ngezandla, okubalulekile uma kudingeka ukulungiswa kwendlela noma izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokungena eduze kweNyanga esikhathini esizayo.
Uma ukuhlanganiswa sekuqinisekisiwe, isigaba esiphezulu se-SLS sizohlinzeka ngamandla adingekayo ukuze i-Orion ihambe eNyangeni. I-spacecraft izolandela iphethini yokundiza yesibalo sesishiyagalombili ezoyithatha iye ngaphezu kwalokho. Amakhilomitha angama-370.000 ukusuka eMhlabeniEqophelweni eliphezulu, iqembu lizobekwa eduze Amakhilomitha angu-7.400 ngaphesheya kweNyangaUkusuka lapho ungabona izindawo ezingahlolwanga kahle ngamehlo.
Ngemva kokundiza, indizamkhathi izoqala uhambo lwayo lokubuya endleleni yokubuya yamahhala eshiwo ngenhla. Umphumela uzofika ne- ukungena kabusha ngesivinini esikhulu emkhathini woMhlabaLo msebenzi uzohlola isivikelo sokushisa se-Orion, esikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-2.700°C, futhi uzophela ngokuwa olwandle iPacific Ocean, eduze nogu lwaseSan Diego, lapho amaqembu avela ku-NASA kanye noMnyango Wezokuvikela ezobe ephethe khona ukubuyiselwa kwemikhumbi.
Ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe, ukuphepha, kanye nendima yethimba lokuvala
Ngaphambi kokuba i-Artemis II iqalise, i-NASA kudingeke inqobe izinselele eziningana zobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nohlelo lwe-Artemis II. Isivikelo sokushisa sika-Orion kanye nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokukhipha ugesi oluqalayoNgesikhathi se-Artemis I, uhambo lokundiza olungenamuntu ngo-2022, isihlangu sabonakala sigugile kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe: izingcezu zezinto ezisetshenziswa ekulweni zaphuka ngesikhathi sokungena kabusha, yize i-capsule yahlala ivikelekile.
Lokho kuziphatha kwabangela ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwesikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ukuqonda lesi simo nokulungisa izinto zokwakha kanye nomklamo. Le nhlangano igcizelela ukuthi iqinisekile ngekhono le-capsule lokuvikela abasebenzi base-Artemis II, yize isivivinyo sokugcina kuzoba yilolu hambo, nabantu abasemkhunjini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imoto yendiza isivele ihlanganiswe ne qalisa uhlelo lokukhipha ugesiIsethi yezinjini ezitholakala phezu kwe-Orion ingasebenza ngama-millisecond uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi sokuqala kokusuka. Lolu hlelo lwenzelwe ukususa i-capsule ngokushesha kude ne-rocket ye-SLS uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo, kuvikelwe izimpilo zabagibeli bezindiza.
Esinye isici esingabonakali kangako, kodwa esibalulekile, yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iqembu eliseduze"Ithimba lochwepheshe abahlanu lizoba ngabokugcina ukuxhumana ngqo nabashayeli bezindiza ngaphambi kokwethulwa. Basebenza njengeqembu lendiza elinokunemba okuphezulu, kodwa endaweni yokwethulwa esikhundleni sendawo yokugijima.
Umsebenzi wabo uhlanganisa ukusiza amalungu eqembu ukugqoka kahle amagilavu kanye nezigqoko zabo, ukubabopha ezihlalweni zabo ngaphakathi e-Orion, kanye nokuqondisa inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuvala i-hatchLokhu kuvalwa, okungathatha amahora amane, kuhilela ukuxhumanisa ukusebenza komoya komnyango, ukuxhuma izintambo zomoya, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho nto yangaphandle eseleyo—ngisho nonwele olulodwa olungalimaza uphawu—ngaphambi kokuvala nokuvala i-hatch yangaphandle yesistimu yokukhipha umoya.
Isayensi, impilo kanye nemisebe endaweni ejulile
Ngale kobuchwepheshe obumsulwa, i-Artemis II izoba nengxenye eqinile yesayensi. Umkhumbi uzoqhubeka nomkhumbi imithwalo yokukhokha ezinikele ekutadisheni imisebe yasemkhathini kanye nomthelela wayo empilweni yabantu, isihloko esisalokhu singenye yezinto ezingaziwa kakhulu zokuhamba isikhathi eside ngaphandle komjikelezo woMhlaba.
Osomkhathi bazohamba kude kakhulu "nengubo evikelayo" yemagnetosphere yoMhlaba, lapho kukhona iSiteshi Sesikhala Samazwe Ngamazwe, ukuze Bazobhekana nesimo esinzima kakhulu semisebeUkuze kulinganiswe imiphumela yayo, kuzosetshenziswa amathuluzi ukuhlola ukuqonda kwabasebenzi, ubuthongo, ukucindezeleka, impendulo yomzimba, kanye nesimo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kulo lonke uhambo lwendiza.
Ukuhlolwa kuzofaka phakathi ama-chips aqukethe izicubu zezitho zomuntuLezi zivivinyo zizovumela ososayensi ukuthi bahlaziye, ezingeni lamaseli, ukuthi umzimba usabela kanjani emisebeni nasezimweni zesikhala esijulile. Idatha etholakele izoba yisihluthulelo sokuklama imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo, ende, kokubili ebusweni beNyanga kanye neMars.
Isici sesayensi ngeke silinganiselwe kwezokwelapha ngemithi. Njengoba i-Orion idlula eduze kwe- uhlangothi olude lweNyangaIthimba lizobheka futhi lithathe izithombe zezici ze-geological ezifana nemigodi eshayisanayo, ukugeleza kwe-lava yasendulo, kanye nezindawo ezithakazelisayo zokulungiselela ukufika enyangeni esikhathini esizayo. I-NASA ikholelwa ukuthi ukuqonda okuningiliziwe ngalezi zindawo ezinamatshe futhi ezingaba yingozi kuzosiza ekunciphiseni izingozi ku-Artemis III kanye nemisebenzi elandelayo.
Njengoba le nhlangano ngokwayo ishilo, isayensi ye-Artemis ayigxili eNyangeni kuphela: Futhi "kuyisayensi yethu"Lokhu kubhekisela endleleni abantu abasebenza futhi basinda ngayo lapho bekude noMhlaba. Ngisho namaphutha noma izinto ezingavamile ezingase zivele zizosebenza njengezindawo zolwazi zokuthuthukisa izinqubo nobuchwepheshe.
Umsebenzi ovulekele umphakathi: "Thumela igama lakho no-Artemis II"
Iqaphela umthelela ongokomfanekiso wokubuyela endaweni yenyanga, i-NASA iqalise uhlelo Uhlelo "Thumela igama lakho no-Artemis", okuvumela abantu banoma yibuphi ubudala nobuzwe ukuthi babhalise amagama abo ukuze bahambe ngesikebhe i-Orion.
Amagama azogcinwa ku- ikhadi lememori noma ikhadi le-SD okuzolayishwa emkhathini ngaphambi kokwethulwa. Umqondo uwukuthi izigidi zabantu zingazizwa ziyingxenye yohambo, noma ngabe zihambisana nosomkhathi kuphela, zihambisana nabashayeli bezindiza abazungeze iNyanga.
Labo ababhalisela bazothola i- iphasi lokugibela ledijithali elingalandwaUhlobo lwephasi lokugibela elenziwe ngokwezifiso eliqinisekisa igama lakho luyingxenye yomsebenzi. Ukubhalisa kungaqedwa ngewebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-NASA, lapho ungathola khona iphasi ngezilimi eziningana, okuhlanganisa neSpanishi.
Njengoba uLori Glaze, inhloko ye-Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, echazile, u-Artemis II ukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo. indatshana yobuchwepheshe kanye nethuba lokukhuthaza umphakathi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Yingakho le nhlangano ifune izindlela ezilula zokubandakanya labo abalandela eduze inkathi entsha yokuhlola inyanga.
Lapho i-Orion isuka iya eNyangeni, ngeke ithwale abagibeli bezinkanyezi abane ngaphakathi, kodwa futhi amagama ezigidi zabantu abavela emazweni ahlukene, okuyohlala kuhlotshaniswa nalesi sigaba somlando wesikhala.
Ngo-Artemis II, i-NASA idlala indima ebalulekile yesikhathi esizayo sohlelo lwayo lwenyanga kanye nokwethembeka kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe ngemuva kweminyaka yokuthuthukisa i-SLS ne-Orion, okuhlanganisa ukubambezeleka kanye nokweqisa kwezindleko. Uma umsebenzi ubonisa ukuthi i-rocket, i-capsule, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela impilo zisebenza njengoba ziklanyelwe, Lokhu kuzovula indlela yokufika kwenyanga ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi kanye nokuba khona okuzinzile eNyangeni.Uma kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu, kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe kabusha izikhathi zokugcina kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Lokhu kundiza kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuzungeze isathelayithi yethu kwakheka njengoshintsho olukhulu ebuhlotsheni besintu nendawo ejulile kanye nendlela amazwe emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa naseYurophu naseSpain, aphinde abheke ngayo eNyangeni njengendawo yokucwaninga, indawo yesayensi, kanye nendawo yokunyathela eMars.
