La Imishini u-Artemis II Sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha emjahweni omusha wokuhlola inyanga. Akuzange kusho nje kuphela ukubuya kwezinkanyezi ekujikelezeni kwenyanga eminyakeni engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu ngemva kohambo lwe-Apollo, kodwa futhi kuvumele ukuhlolwa kobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ezizobaluleka ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo ohlelweni lwe-NASA.
Phakathi nohambo lwezinsuku ezingaba yishumi, i-Orion spacecraft, eqhutshwa yi-SLS rocket, yathwala izindiza ezine ze-astronaut ibanga elingaphezu kwe-100 Amakhilomitha angama-406.000 ukusuka eMhlabeni, ebeka irekhodi elisha lendiza enabagibeli. Lolu hambo Ishiye izithombe ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili zesathelayithi yethu, ukufiphala kwelanga okubonwe eduze kweNyanga, kanye nomuzwa wokuthi, kulokhu, umgomo awukona nje ukubuya, kodwa ukuhlala.
Iqembu elinomlando nelihlukahlukene eliya ekuzungelezeni kwenyanga
U-Artemis II ubhalwe phansi emlandweni ngenxa yakhe iqembu elihlukahlukene nelingokomfanekisoOwayehola kwakukhona uReid Wiseman, usomkhathi omdala kunabo bonke eqenjini. Eceleni kwakhe, uJeremy Hansen waseCanada waba ngumuntu wokuqala ongeyena umMelika ukubamba iqhaza endizeni eya eNyangeni, okubonisa isimo samazwe ngamazwe salolu hlelo.
Umshayeli wendizamkhathi, uVictor Glover, wenza umlando njengo- i-astronaut yokuqala yase-Afrika-yaseMelika ekundizeni ukuya emkhathini wenyanga, kuyilapho uChristina Koch ezimisa njengowesifazane wokuqala ukuba yingxenye yalo msebenzi. Lokhu kuqanjwa kuphawula umehluko omkhulu emisebenzini ka-Apollo, lapho amadoda amhlophe aseMelika kuphela ahlanganyela khona.
Ukuba khona kukaHansen kugqamisa indima ye- I-Canadian Space Agency kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazweOkwamanje, ukubamba iqhaza kukaGlover noKoch kufanekisela ukuzibophezela kwe-NASA ekuhlanganiseni amaphrofayili abamele abaningi emphakathini wanamuhla ezigabeni ezibalulekile zesayensi.
Ngaphandle kwedatha yezibalo, okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwamalungu eqembu kuye kwadala isithakazelo esikhulu. UKoch, onezinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-300 ejikeleza kusukela ekuhlaleni kwakhe kwangaphambili e-International Space Station, kanye noGlover, abavulelekile kakhulu ekwabelaneni ngemicabango yabantu neyokomoya ohambweni, banikeze umbono ojulile wokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuhlala nokusebenza kude kangaka nekhaya.
Indima yeYurophu kanye nomnikelo weSpain ne-Andalusia
Esinye sezici ezingabonakali kakhulu emphakathini jikelele, kodwa esibalulekile empumelelweni ka-Artemis II, kube ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu kwaseYurophu. Imodyuli yesevisi ye-Orion, yathuthukiswa ngaphansi kobuholi be-European Space Agency (ESA)Bekulokhu kuyinhliziyo yobuchwepheshe yangempela yomkhumbi: unikeze abasebenzi amandla okuhamba, ugesi, umoya namanzi kulo lonke uhambo lwabo.
Lo msebenzi wawuhilela izinkampani nezikhungo zocwaningo ezivela emazweni amaningana aseYurophu, ezazikhona kakhulu emkhakheni wezindiza waseSpain. E-Andalusia, isibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi Izinkampani ezifika ku-148 ezivela esifundeni ziye zabambisana ngandlela thile ohlelweni, kungaba ngezingxenye, izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi, isofthiwe noma izinsizakalo zobunjiniyela.
Isikole Sobunjiniyela eSeville sesibe yisibonelo kulo mkhakha. Kwakuyi- Indawo yaseSpain kuphela ekhethwe yi-NASA I-Andalusia ikhethwe phakathi kwezikhungo ezimbalwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze ihlanganyele ekuqapheni ubuchwepheshe bomkhumbi-mkhathi i-Orion ngesikhathi sokundiza kwayo. Lokhu kukhethwa kugcizelela izinga lobuchwepheshe elifinyelelwa yi-ecosystem yezindiza yase-Andalusia.
Izinkampani ezisunguliwe njenge-Ater Technology kanye nezinye kulo mkhakha zinegalelo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imodyuli yesevisi yaseYurophu isebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ehleliwe. Le "njini engabonakali" yaqinisekisa ukuthi i-capsule inamandla anele, ukulawula ukushisa, kanye nezinsiza ezibalulekile ukuze osomkhathi baqede uhambo lwabo ngokuphephile eNyangeni.
Okwamanje, izinhlangano zokufinyelela umphakathi ezifana I-Astronomy yaseSeville ihambisane nomsebenzi Kusukela phansi, okusondeza izigaba ezahlukene zohambo emphakathini. Abalingani bayo bajoyine izinkulungwane zabantu emhlabeni wonke abalandele ngokucophelela yonke inqubo, bebonisa isithakazelo somphakathi esikhulayo ekuhloleni isikhala.
Ukuxhumana nge-laser: ukuqhubekela phambili endleleni esikhuluma ngayo nesikhala
Uma kukhona into eyodwa ehlukanise u-Artemis II emisebenzini yangaphambilini, kube yi- ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yokuxhumana ebonakalayo ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ne-spacecraft. I-NASA yafaka i-Orion i-terminal ekwazi ukudlulisa nokwamukela idatha isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared, esikhundleni sokuthembela kuphela kumaza omsakazo avamile.
Ngesikhathi sezinsuku zendiza, uma nje indiza yayigcina umugqa oqondile wokubona iziteshi zomhlaba ezizinikele, lolu hlelo lwalukwazile Thumela futhi wamukele ulwazi olufika kuma-gigabytes angu-484, umqulu olingana namafilimu angaba yi-100 anencazelo ephezulu. Ngomsebenzi wokubonisa, umphumela ubhekwa njengophawuleka kakhulu.
Umehluko omkhulu ezindleleni zangaphambilini awukho nje kuphela enanini ledatha, kodwa futhi nasejubaneni kanye nekhwalithi yokudlulisela. Ngenkathi izixhumanisi ezivamile zivame ukusebenza ngesivinini sama-megabits ambalwa ngomzuzwana, isixhumanisi se-Artemis II optical... Ifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela kuma-megabits angu-260 ngomzuzwana, idlula eminye yemigomo eyayibekwe yi-ejensi yase-US ekuqaleni.
Ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza, kungenzeka ukuthi kuthunyelwe eMhlabeni izithombe ezinesinqumo esiphezulu, amavidiyo okuqondisa izindiza, kanye nedatha yesayensi cishe ngesikhathi sangempela, kanye nokugcina ukuxhumana ngezwi kwekhwalithi engavamile ukubonwa emisebenzini yalolu hlobo. Kubantu abanjengoKelsey Young, ohola isayensi yenyanga yalo mkhankaso, ukuba nolwazi olubonakalayo olunemininingwane ngesikhathi sezigaba eziguquguqukayo ikakhulukazi kubonisa ushintsho olukhulu endleleni imisebenzi eqondiswa ngayo kanye nendlela izinto ezibonwayo ezichazwa ngayo.
Ohlangothini lomhlaba, ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kuxhumana yayincike eziteshini eziseCalifornia naseNew Mexico, ezikhethwe ngenxa yezimo zazo zezulu ezinhle. Lezi zikhungo zazikwazi ukucubungula kuze kufike ku- Ama-gigabyte angu-26 edatha esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora, izinga elifana noma eliphakeme kunelokuxhumana okuningi kwe-inthanethi yasekhaya, okubonisa amandla alobu buchwepheshe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwasekelwa yi- isiteshi se-optical e-Australian National University, eCanberraLokhu kubonakale kubalulekile ekugcineni izimpawu zevidiyo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-15,5. Lokhu kubambisana kwenze kwaba nokusakazwa bukhoma njenge-Live Views eyaziwayo evela e-Orion, ebukwa yizigidi zabantu futhi kwasiza ekusondezeni lo msebenzi emphakathini jikelele.
Umzimba womuntu ku-microgravity: lokho okuhlangenwe nakho okusitshela khona
Ngale kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, i-Artemis II ibuyisele etafuleni isici esingenabukhazikhazi kodwa esiyisisekelo: indlela isikhala esithinta ngayo umzimba womuntuOkuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqwe osomkhathi abanjengoChristina Koch kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni lesi simo.
UKoch, owayesechithe izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-300 e-International Space Station, uchaza ukuthi ezimweni ze-microgravity Izitho ze-vestibular zendlebe yangaphakathi ziyayeka ukusebenza njengoba zisebenza eMhlabeni.Lezi zitho zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokubona ukunyakaza kwekhanda futhi zisize ekugcineni ibhalansi, zithumela izimpawu ebuchosheni ukuze zibonise indawo yethu maqondana namandla adonsela phansi.
Emkhathini, ngokunyamalala kwendawo eyinhloko yokubhekisela yamandla adonsela phansi, uhlelo lwe-vestibular lulahlekelwa yisiqondiso salo esivamile. Ubuchopho, njengoba bungasatholi isignali ethembekile evela kulezi zitho, buvame ukwenza beka phambili ulwazi olubonakalayoNgakho-ke, njengoba uKoch ngokwakhe echaza, ngemva kokubuyela eMhlabeni, imisebenzi edinga ukuqondiswa ngaphandle kokusekelwa okubonakalayo, njengokujika ikhanda ngokushesha noma ukuhambahamba ezindaweni ezikhanya kancane, iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Lokhu kungafani kuholela kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi “isifo sokuzivumelanisa nesimo sendawo"I-Anaphysics," isethi yezimpawu ezingafaka phakathi isicanucanu, isiyezi, ukudideka, kanye nezinkinga zokuxhumanisa. Amalungu eqembu le-Artemis II, njengabanye osomkhathi abebengaphandle kwendawo ezungezile uMhlaba, awavikelekile ekubhekaneni nale miphumela ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-NASA, ukuqonda okuningiliziwe ngalezi zinqubo kuzobaluleka njengoba uhlelo lwe-Artemis luqhubekela phambili ekuhlaleni isikhathi eside ebusweni benyanga. Ukuzivumelanisa nokuguqulwa komzimba womuntu ube yindawo ehlukene yamandla adonsela phansi kuzothinta ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo kanye nezinqubo zezokwelapha zangaphambi nangemva kokundiza.
U-Artemis II njengohlelo lokuzivocavoca ngezingubo zemisebenzi ezayo
Njengoba umsebenzi usuqediwe futhi iqembu elibuyayoI-NASA ingene esigabeni esingabonakali kangako kodwa esibalulekile: i ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwakho konke okwenzekile Ngesikhathi sokundiza kwe-Artemis II, zonke izinhlelo ezincane zomkhumbi-mkhathi we-Orion kanye nerokhethi ye-SLS kuyabuyekezwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yini esebenze kahle njengoba bekulindelekile nokuthi yiziphi izici ezingathuthukiswa ezigabeni ezilandelayo zohlelo.
Elinye lamaphuzu abangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwaba ukuziphatha kwe- Isivikelo sokushisa se-Orion capsule Ngesikhathi sokungena kabusha emkhathini woMhlaba, isikhathi lapho imoto kufanele imelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqala kukhombisa ukuthi isivikelo sokushisa senze ngaphakathi kwemingcele elindelekile nokuthi ukulahleka kwezinto kwakungaphansi kakhulu kunesikhathi se-Artemis I, indiza yokuhlola engenamuntu ka-2022, okuphakamisa ukuthi izinguquko ezisetshenziswe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ziye zabonakala zisebenza kahle.
Ukufika nakho kwahamba ngendlela okwakuhlelwe ngayo. I-capsule yafika olwandle ngokushesha nje Amakhilomitha angu-4,7 ukusuka endaweni elinganiselwayo yokuchitheka kwamanzingomehluko osondelene kakhulu ngesivinini uma kuqhathaniswa nezibikezelo. Leli zinga lokunemba libalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokubuyisa abasebenzi kanye nendizamkhathi kanye nedatha yayo ngokuphephile.
Irokhethi ye-SLS, yona, ibonise ukusebenza okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kukhombisa ukuthi izinjini ezinkulu ze-RS-25 zesigaba esiyinhloko zinikeze amandla adingekayo ukuze beka i-Orion endleleni oyifunayongesivinini esingaphezu kwamamayela angu-18.000 ngehora ngesikhathi lezo zinjini zicima. Lokhu kunemba kwenza kube lula ukwenza okulandelayo futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokulungiswa kukaphethiloli okubizayo.
Emhlabeni, ingqalasizinda nayo ihambe kahle. Isiqalisi seselula kanye neplatifomu yokuqalisa zithole umonakalo omncane. Ngemva kokusha kwe-SLS enamandla, kuphansi kakhulu kunalokho okwenzekile ku-Artemis I. Ukuthuthukiswa okusetshenziswe endaweni yokuqalisa kubonakalise ukusebenza kwayo, kunciphisa isikhathi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukulungiselela ukuqaliswa okulandelayo.
Udaba lobuchwepheshe olubalulekile kuphela oluvezwe luphathelene nesici esivame kakhulu: i uhlelo lwendlu yangasese ye-capsuleNgemva nje kokusuka, ithimba labika ukwehluleka ohlelweni lokukhipha umchamo. Ngokusekelwa yithimba lasemhlabeni, uChristina Koch waphumelela ukusebenzisa ikhambi lezinkinga esikebheni, okuvumela uhlelo ukuthi luhlale lusebenza. Onjiniyela manje baphenya ngokucophelela ngalesi sigameko ukuze bavimbele ukuphinda kwenkinga emisebenzini yesikhathi esizayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imishini iyahlolwa ukuze isetshenziswe ezigabeni ezilandelayo zohlelo, njengokuthi amakamelo aqinisiwe ngokumelene nemisebe ye-cosmicokungahlanganiswa nemisebenzi elandela i-Artemis II futhi kuzosiza ekutholeni izithombe ezinokwethenjelwa ezindaweni ezivezwa kakhulu.
IYurophu, iShayina kanye nomjaho omusha oya eNyangeni
I-Artemis II isendaweni ehluke kakhulu kweyeMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Namuhla, ukuhlola isikhala kuphinde kwaba yindawo yokuncintisana, kodwa enabadlali abavuselelwe kanye nokuguquguquka. I-United States ivuselele kakhulu izifiso zayo zenyanga.Okwamanje, iShayina iqhubekela phambili nohlelo lwayo oluhlanganisa izinhlelo zemishini yabantu kanye namaphrojekthi ezikhumulo ezisebusweni besathelayithi ngaphambi kokuphela kweminyaka eyishumi.
Kulesi simo, umsebenzi awuqondwa nje kuphela njengempumelelo yesayensi noma yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi njengempumelelo isitatimende senhloso maqondana nobuholi bomhlaba wonkeInkulumo ephindaphindwayo e-NASA yokuthi kulokhu bafuna ukubuyela eNyangeni "ukuze bahlale" ikhomba ngqo emcabangweni wokuba khona okuqhubekayo, nezindawo zokusebenza ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhulu njenge-lunar south pole, lapho ukuba khona kweqhwa okungenzeka kwenza lesi sifunda sibe yindawo ebalulekile.
IYurophu, nge-ESA kanye nokubandakanyeka kwayo ezintweni ezifana ne-Orion service module, ifuna ukuzihlanganisa njenge umlingani obalulekile emisebenzini emikhulu yamazwe ngamazweEmazweni afana neSpain, anemboni yezindiza ekhulayo, lokhu kubambisana kuvula umnyango wezinkontileka, amaphrojekthi ocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obungaba nezicelo zomphakathi kamuva eMhlabeni.
Okwamanje, umkhakha ozimele uthatha indima evelele kakhulu. Izinkampani ezivela emazweni ahlukene zihlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwamarokhethi, ama-capsule, izinhlelo zokuxhumana, kanye nemishini engaphezulu, okudala uhlobo "lwesimiso semvelo senyanga" lapho imikhakha ehlukahlukene ihlangana khona. izintshisekelo zesayensi, zezentengiselwano kanye nezamasuUkulinganisela phakathi kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni nezangasese kuzonquma kakhulu ijubane lapho lesi sigaba esisha sokuhlola siqhubekela phambili khona.
Ngokombono waseYurophu, lo mbandela uletha inselele yokuthi ukungahlali eceleni kwencazelo yemithetho nezindinganiso ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zenyanga kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo eseduze nesikhala. Ukuzibandakanya ku-Artemis nakwamanye amaphrojekthi amaningi kunikeza indlela yokuhlala uyingxenye yengxoxo kanye nokukhuthaza umbono ohlukile wokuthi ukuba khona kwabantu ngale koMhlaba kufanele kuhlelwe kanjani.
Njengoba sibheke imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo, ifa lika-Artemis II liphindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhombisile ukuthi izindiza ezintsha, amarokhethi, kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana zisebenza endaweni yangempela nedinga umzamo omkhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuye kwasiza ekuqiniseni ukubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo, amanyuvesi, kanye nezinkampani kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Atlantic, okuletha inkathi entsha lapho INyanga ayibe yindawo nje engokomfanekiso futhi iqala ukubhekwa njengendawo yokusebenza yesikhathi esiphakathi neside..
Sekukonke, okuhlangenwe nakho ngo-Artemis II kukhombisa ukuthi ukuhlola kwenyanga akusabhekwa njengochungechunge lwezigigaba ezimangalisayo kuphela, kodwa njengenqubo eqhubekayo ehlanganisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuqonda umzimba womuntu, ukubamba iqhaza kwamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokubandakanyeka kwezifunda ezifana ne-Andalusia kanye nemboni yaseYurophu kuphrojekthi ehlose ukwandisa unomphela ukuba khona komuntu ngale komjikelezo woMhlaba.
