Isiko laseSpain livalelisa komunye wabadali bawo abakhulu: UGustavo Torner ushonele emzini wakhe eCuenca., idolobha elalolonga umbono wakhe futhi anikezela kulo ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe. Iciko elisebenza ngezindlela eziningi kanye nohamba phambili kwezokulingisa, ushiya ifa elihlanganisa imikhakha, iminyuziyamu, nezizukulwane.
Njengoba ngiqeda iminyaka eyi-100, Umdabu waseCuenca nguye owaqhuba uMnyuziyamu we-Spanish Abstract Art ezindlini ezilengayo kanye nochwepheshe bokuhlanganisa isiko kanye ne-avant-garde. Isonto lomngcwabo selisungulwe e-Alborada Funeral Home, kanti umngcwabo uzoba seCuenca Cathedral ngo-18:00 ntambama, okuzovalelisa umndeni, abangani kanye nomphakathi wesikhungo.
Biography kanye neminyaka yokuqala
Wazalelwa enhloko-dolobha yaseCuenca ngoJulayi 13, 1925. Waqeqeshelwa ukuba unjiniyela wamahlathi ngaphambi kokuphendukela ngokuphelele kwezobuciko. Lesi sisekelo sobuchwepheshe sacija ukunakekela kwakhe emininingwaneni, kamuva eyayizohumushela emidwebeni yesayensi nokubhekisiswa kwemvelo ngokucophelela.
Izinyathelo zakhe zokuqala zobungcweti zazihlanganisa amapuleti omsebenzi wezitshalo I-Forest Flora yaseSpain, futhi ngokushesha waqala eyakhe indlela ukudweba, ukubaza, izithombe kanye ne-collageNgo-1951 wabukisa eSala Aguirre eCuenca; Maphakathi neshumi leminyaka, umdwebo wakhe uncike ekuziphatheni okungakahleleki nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezingajwayelekile, nezicucu ezifana IDwala (1956) futhi ama-tapestries okuqala kanye nokhaphethi e 1957.
Uphinde wahlola isithombe ngochungechunge lwezithombe lwango-1955 olwaziwa ngokuthi Isikhumba somhlaba, lapho isithakazelo sakhe ekubunjweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwase kubonakala kakade. Kuwo wonke ama-60s yandisa izinsiza: isihlabathi, imicu yezitshalo, i-latex, ukhuni noma insimbi, ukuvula indlela yezinto ezibonakalayo njengomuntu siqu njengoba ibonakala.
Ekucabangeni kwakhe, uTorner wavikela ukuthi ubuciko kufanele bufise ukuvelela nobuhle, isikhundla asiveze ngokusobala ezingxoxweni zakhe nabaholi bamazwe ngamazweWayencamela ukukhuluma ngemisebenzi kunethiyori, futhi engakuthembi ukuqina kwejuba.
Yize efakwe kwebizwa ngeGeneration of the 50s, Wenqabile amalebula okuthi “iqembu” noma “isizukulwane”Kuye, abaculi abaningana baqondana ngesikhathi nendawo, futhi kusukela kulokho kuhlangana okuthile okusha kwazalwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo samalebula.
I-Cuenca Museum of Abstract Art kanye nenethiwekhi yabangane
Ngo-1962, ngesikhathi se-Venice Biennale, wahlangana noFernando Zóbel futhi yaqinisa izibopho nabaculi abafana noLucio Fontana, Gerardo Rueda, Eusebio Sempere kanye noManuel Mompó. Le mihlangano ihlanganise a inethiwekhi ye-aesthetic affinities okungaholela kumaphrojekthi anqumayo.
Ekanye no-Zóbel, waya eNew York ngo-1964, lapho ubuciko bemvelo bedolobha bamvulela iminyango nemikhathizwe. Ubudlelwano nezibalo ezinjengoJosé Guerrero noma uRobert Motherwell Uqinise umqondo wakhe wokungalungiseleli lokho okulula futhi uhlale ephishekela ibha ephezulu kakhulu.
Ngo-1966, kanye noRueda, bavula i- Imyuziyamu Yezobuciko BaseSpain Ezindlini Ezilengayo eziyisakhiwo sodumo. Njengoba yakhiwe, yaqondiswa, futhi yasekelwa amaciko, imnyuziyamu yaba ingqophamlando: indawo eyinkomba yezivakashi nochwepheshe, kanye nophawu lwesimanje oluthuthukiswa lusuka eCuenca.
Umbono we-curatorial we-Torner nozakwabo uguqule indlela yokukhipha ekhonjiswe eSpain. Leso sikhala, esigujwa abagxeki bamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganiswe i-Cuenca njengendawo ehlanganisiwe ye-avant-garde futhi yaveza umphakathi wezobuciko owaheha ukunaka ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe.
Imisebenzi yomphakathi, imiklamo yasesiteji kanye ne-museum
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, umthelela wayo uyabonakala. EMadrid, igqamile. Ukucabanga (eyaziwa ngokuthi umsebenzi wePlaza de los Cubos) nasezicucu zaseCuenca ezifana ne Isikhumbuzo soMthethosisekeloEngadini yeJuan March Foundation igcinwe I-Castilla, isibonelo sesikali sayo esikhulu nokunemba okusemthethweni.
Ukuxhumana kwakhe noCuenca kuvezwa kulo mdlalo I-Cathedral, lapho abambe iqhaza khona ekwakhiweni kwamafasitela ezingilazi ezinemibala namaphrojekthi omnyuziyamu. Uphinde wabamba iqhaza ukufakwa kombukiso nasekuhleleni izikhala zezikhungo zamasiko, ngokunaka okukhethekile kokuhlangenwe nakho kwesivakashi.
Wandise amakhono akhe ngamasethi nemvunulo yaseshashalazini, i-opera ne-zarzuela, eletha amandla akhe okukhanya, izinto ezibonakalayo nesigqi esiteji. Lokho kubukeka okuphambene wamvumela ukuba ahambe ngokukhululeka phakathi komsebenzi ozimele kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Ukusebenzisana kwakhe ne Imyuziyamu yasePrado kwakubaluleke kakhulu: ngo-1980 wasebenza emhlanganweni wekhulu le-1997 lamakamelo okudweba amaFlemish kanye nokwethulwa kwe-Dauphin's Treasure; phakathi kuka-1999 no-XNUMX wabamba iqhaza ekuhlelweni kabusha kwezikhala, kusukela ku- ukukhetha umbala ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zamakamelo.
Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka egcina ubuhlobo obuseduze ne UJuan March Foundation, ukweluleka ngemibukiso kanye nokufakwa okuyingqophamlando ngeminyaka yawo-1970 nawo-1980. Ngokuhambisanayo, wakha ama-boutique Loewe phakathi kuka-1982 no-1994, okuhlanganisa ne-Trump Tower eNew York, ehlanganisa isimanje kanye nokuhluzeka endaweni yezohwebo.
Iminikelo, imiklomelo nokuhlonishwa
Njengoba eningi njengoba ephana, wanikela ngemisebenzi engu-561 eReina Sofía Museum, okunye kokudluliswa okukhulu kwefa lobuciko besimanje e-Spain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yathuthukisa i I-Torner Space esontweni elidala laseSan Pablo (Cuenca), indawo eyinkomba yokuqonda ukukhiqizwa kwayo.
I-Torner Space yavula iminyango yayo ngo-2005, ihlanganisa ndawonye ezibaziweyo nemidwebo okubalulekile nokuphakamisa inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kobuciko, ukukhanya, kanye nezakhiwo zomlando. Lesi sinyathelo saqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzi wakhe nensimu ewukhuthazayo.
Waqongelela ukuhlukaniswa: wayenjalo ilungu leRoyal Academy of Fine Arts yaseSan Fernando futhi uthole iNdondo Yegolide Yokuhlonishwa Kwezobuciko Ezinhle, iNdondo Yegolide kaCastilla-La Mancha, i-Grand Cross ye-Order of Isabella the Catholic, i-Grand Cross of the Civil Order ka-Alfonso X the Wise kanye Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wobuciko Bezithombe ngo-2016, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngo-2025, uCuenca wamqoka Indodana Eyintandokazi futhi idolobha lagubha iminyaka eyikhulu lasungulwa ngemicimbi kanye neziphonso. Amamnyuziyamu, izisekelo kanye nomphakathi wezobuciko wabe esegcizelela ubukhulu be-a umculi ophelele, ekwazi ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqina noma ukwethembeka kobuhle.
Ukusabela nokuvalelisa e-Cuenca
UTorner ushone ngoMgqibelo, Septhemba 6, emzini wakhe eCuenca, ezungezwe umndeni wakhe, njengoba kuqinisekiswe u-Espacio Torner. Ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelela esiphethweni impilo yeminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili yokusungulwa okungaphazamiseki nokuzibophezela kwezobuciko.
Indlu yomngcwabo yafakwa endaweni I-Alborada Funeral Home futhi umngcwabo uzoba seCuenca Cathedral ngo-18:00 p.m. Izinsimbi ze i-mangana Tower Baphinda kabili ngesikhathi somcimbi, ngaphambi kokungcwatshwa komlotha wabo emathuneni kamasipala.
Abamele izikhungo namasiko babambe iqhaza emncintiswaneni: iphini likamongameli wokuqala kahulumeni wesifunda, UJosé Luis Martinez Guijarro; uNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo, Amasiko Nezemidlalo, Amador Pastor; imeya UDario Dolz kanye nombhishobhi José María Yanguas. Ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, uMongameli uGarcía-Page uzwakalise ukudabuka futhi wakugcizelela lokho ifa lakhe liyosala edolobheni namasiko eCastilla-La Mancha.
I-Cuenca, okuthe kulo nyaka igubha iminyaka eyikhulu yomculi ngezingqungquthela nemibukiso, Kulokhu kuvalelisa, uqinisekisa ubuqiniso bomsebenzi wakhe.Igama lakhe lixhunyaniswa phakade neMuseum of Spanish Abstract Art, iTorner Space, kanye nendlela yokuqonda ubuciko njengesipiliyoni, ulwazi, kanye nokufuna ubuhle.
Umuntu obalulekile ku-Spanish abstraction, umdali ongakhathali futhi ophanayo onezikhungo nomphakathi, UGustavo Torner ushiya ifa elidlula imfashini: izithombe ezibaziweyo nezinto ezifakiwe ezihlela indawo, amafasitela anengilazi enemibala edlala ukukhanya, amagumbi amnyuziyamu aklanyelwe ukubukwa kangcono, nedolobha, iCuenca, elathola ukufana kwesimanje emsebenzini wakhe.