I-James Webb Space Telescope isinikezele umbono we-infrared ku-3I/ATLAS entsha, into yesithathu eqinisekisiwe ye-interstellar ukuvakashela indawo yethu. Izilinganiso zokuqala zibonisa ikhemistri engavamile kulawa mabanga ukusuka eLangeni, namasignali akhomba izinqubo zokukhipha umoya ezilawulwa yi-carbon dioxide.
Ngale kobuhle besithombe, idatha ye-spectroscopic ye-observatory yembula a Ikhoma ecebile nge-CO2 kanye namazinga aphansi amanzi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon monoxide, iphethini engahambisani kahle nalokho okubonakala kuma-comet amaningi akhiwe ku-Solar System.
Yini ephawulwe nguJames Webb?
Lisebenzisa ithuluzi le-NIRSpec kanye nobubanzi obungu-0,6 kuya ku-5,3 micrometers, ithimba lithole i-spectra ye-3I/ATLAS ngenkathi cishe 3,32 amayunithi ezinkanyezi kusukela eLangeni. Isiginali ikhombisa ukukhishwa okukhulu kwe-CO2 neminikelo ebuthakathaka evela ku-H2O ne-CO, kanye nezici zokumunca ezihambisana iqhwa lamanzi.
Isilinganiso se-CO2 kuya ku-H2O sifinyelela inani elisondele ku-8 (±1), phakathi kokukalwa okuphezulu kakhulu emabangeni aqhathaniswayo. Lo mphumela uphakamisa intrinsically igcwele i-carbon dioxide noma, esikhundleni salokho, indawo ebonisa ukukhanya kwayo kanye ne-thermal conductivity inciphisa ukukhiqizwa komhwamuko wamanzi.
Izithombe ezizungeze ama-micrometer angu-1,2 azibonisi ubufakazi balokho athuthuke uthuli umsila; esikhundleni salokho, kuvela ukukhanya okuthambile, okusekelwe izingcezwana eziguquguqukayo ezishintshashintshayo futhi ziphakele ifu elicishe libe yindilinga elizungeze into.
Ukuqaphela okuhambisanayo okuvela kusethelayithi ye-SPHEREx edwetshwe a Ipeni le-CO2 inwetshiwe futhi ilingane, inweba amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka enkabeni, ihlinzeka ngemephu ebanzi i-Webb ayiqedayo ngemininingwane emihle ku-spectrum ye-infrared.
Usayizi, umsebenzi kanye nokulahlekelwa okukhulu
Izilinganiso ezingaguquki kakhulu zibeka ububanzi obungu-3I/ATLAS endaweni ezungezile 5,6 amakhilomitha, ngemva kokubuyekezwa okwenziwe ngezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi wegesi uyagqama ngoba izinga lokulahlekelwa kwe-CO2 likalwe ngokulandelana amakhulu amakhilogremu ngomzuzwana, okwanele ukusekela ikhoma etholiwe izinyanga.
I-telescope ye-Hubble, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilinganisele ukuthi ukukhishwa kothuli kusezingeni eliphansi (amakhilogremu ambalwa kuya kwamashumi ambalwa ngomzuzwana), okuhambisana ne ukushoda kwezinhlayiya ubukhulu obuhlakaza kahle ukukhanya okubonakalayo.
Ngokwesimo somzimba, ukuxoshwa okubhekiwe kulingana nokuguguleka kongqimba olungaphezulu oluncane kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa, okushiya umbuzo ovulekile wokuthi yini isakhiwo sangaphakathi kufihlwe ngaphansi kwalolo qweqwe olusebenzayo.
Inhlanganisela yamanzi amancane, i-CO eqondile kanye ne-CO2 evelele inikeza ikhemistri ephula iphethini yezinkanyezi ezinomsila eziningi ku-Solar System, lapho iqhwa lamanzi livame ukuba liningi kakhulu. injini enkulu yomsebenzi eduze neLanga.
I-trajectory, isivinini kanye neshejuli yokubuka
I-3I/ATLAS izungeza Isistimu Yelanga engaphakathi ku-orbit ye-hyperbolic cishe I-61 km / h (cishe 210.000 km/h). Ayiboshelwe eLangeni futhi, ngemuva kwe-perihelion ehlelelwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, izoqala ukuphuma kwayo kokugcina.
Indlela eseduze kakhulu yoMhlaba izoba nxazonke awu 1,8U, ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ingozi. Emphakathini nasemphakathini wesayensi, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqapha okusekelwe phansi sigxiliwe ngaphambi kokudlula ngemuva kweLanga nasekubuyeni kwakhe emasontweni kamuva.
Ukuqagela kukhombisa ukuthi, kuyo yonke i-2026, into izoba nayo wadlula umzila weJupiter futhi ukukhanya kwayo kuzowela ngaphansi kwemikhawulo evamile yokubuka, okwenza kube nzima imizamo yokulingisa ikusasa.
Njengoba ingeyeqembu elincane labavakashi abaphakathi kwezinkanyezi, umkhawulo wokuxhumanisa imikhankaso yokubuka emincane futhi eyigugu, yingakho umzamo wokuminyanisa wonke amawindi atholakalayo ngezibonakude ezinkulu.
Umongo: isivakashi ngaphandle kuka-Borisov kanye no-ʻOumuamua
Kuze kube manje, izinto ezintathu kuphela zemvelaphi yezinkanyezi eziqinisekisiwe: ʻOumuamua, 2I/Borisov kanye 3I/ATLASUkuze uthole umongo ojwayelekile enkundleni, bheka kuchaza isayensi yezinkanyeziKulokhu, u-Borisov ubonise i-coma evamile enamanzi amaningi, kuyilapho i-ATLAS ibonisa ukwakheka okubuswa yi-CO2, isici esigqamisa ukuhlukahluka kwamakhemikhali ale mizimba.
Lo mehluko uqinisa umqondo wokuthi izinto ezikhishwe kwezinye izimiso zamaplanethi ziye zaba khona Imilando eshisayo neyamakhemikhali ezihlukahlukene kakhulu, noma ngenxa yendawo yazo (eduze komugqa weqhwa we-CO2, isibonelo) noma ngenxa yokuchayeka emisebeni eshubile ezinyathelweni zangaphambili.
Ku-comet astrophysics, i-3I/ATLAS inikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlola amamodeli wokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngecala lapho umhwamuko wamanzi ungabusi khona. umsebenzi wamahlaya emabangeni amaphakathi ne-heliocentric.
Ukungabikho komsila wothuli ovelele, okuhambisana nengxenye ephezulu ye-CO2, kuphakamisa izindlela zokuthi i-sublimation kanye nokuthuthwa kwama-volatiles okungajwayelekile ku-repertoire yezinkanyezi ezinomsila ezizalwe endaweni yethu yezinkanyezi.
Ukuthi idatha yatholwa kanjani nokuthi yini esele okufanele ifundwe
Umnyombo walo mkhankaso yizinhlaka ze I-NIRSpec, okusivumela ukuba sihlukanise imigqa namabhendi isici samagesi ahlukene ku-coma. Ngokuhambisanayo, izithombe eziseduze ne-infrared zichaza i-morphology yezinto ezikhishiwe futhi zisize ukuhlukanisa iminikelo yegesi, iqhwa, nothuli.
Ukusebenzisana ne-Hubble (ukulungiswa kwendawo okubonakalayo) kanye ne-SPHEREx (imephu yokukhishwa okubanzi) kube ukhiye ekwakheni umbono ohambisanayo we Ipeni le-CO2, ukunwetshwa kwayo kanye nokulinganisa kwayo eduze kwento.
Imibuzo evulekile ihlanganisa umsuka oqondile wokunothisa kwe-CO2, indima ye-albedo ekulinganisweni kosayizi, kanye ukuziphendukela kwemvelo umsebenzi njengoba insolation iyahlukahluka. Ukuqaphela okwengeziwe okuzungeze i-perihelion kuzosiza ukucwenga le mingcele.
Isilinganiso sikaJames Webb sibeka indawo engu-3I/ATLAS njengendawo yaselabhorethri yemvelo yokufunda ukuphuma komoya ovunguzayo ngaphandle kwamanzi kanye nokuhlola ukuthi kanjani. ziyahlukahluka izinkanyezi ezinomsila ngaphezu kwesistimu yethu.
