Umculi ophinde abe ngumlingisi waseJamaica uJimmy Cliff ushone eneminyaka engu-81, okuqinisekiswe unkosikazi wakhe, uLatifa Chambers, enkundleni yezokuxhumana esemthethweni yalo mculi. Emlayezweni wabo, umndeni uchaze ukuthi ushonile ngemuva kwalokho ukuquleka okulandelwa inyumoniya futhi wacela ukuhlonishwa kwemfihlo ngalesi sikhathi.
Kubhekwa njengomunye wabadwebi abakhulu be- i-reggae yesimanjeU-Cliff ulethe umsindo we-Jamaica kubabukeli emhlabeni jikelele iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha. Izingoma zakhe nomsebenzi wefilimu wandisa uhlobo lwadlula iCaribbean ngokuthinta komuntu siqu. ngezingoma ezikhanyayo namagama anonembeza oqinile womphakathi.
Ukusabela kanye nedatha esemthethweni
Isitatimende esivela kuLatifa Chambers, esisayinwe nezingane zakhe uLilty no-Aken, sibonga abalandeli, abangani, nozakwabo ngokumeseka "kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe." Amazwi akhe akhombisa umuzwa womphakathi owaphawula impilo yalo mculi, ukuxhumana kwawo nomphakathi bekukhona njalo futhi ewujuqu.
UNdunankulu we JamaicaU-Andrew Holness ubize uCliff ngokuthi "umdondoshiya wamasiko wangempela," egcizelela ukuthi umculo wakhe "uthwele inhliziyo yesizwe sethu emhlabeni." Lokhu kuboniswa esidlangalaleni kosizi kubonisa umthelela ojulile wesibalo sakhe. kokubili esiqhingini nakwamanye amazwe.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe, lo mculi uthole ukuhlonishwa okuhlonishwayo kulo mkhakha: Izindondo ezimbili ze-Grammy, ukufakwa kwakhe ku-Rock & Roll Hall of Fame ngo-2010, kanye ne-Order of Merit of Jamaica ehlonishwayo. Kumdali owazalwa u-James Chambers e-Somerton (Saint James), lolu hambo lubonisa umsebenzi oncomekayo. njengethonya njengoba iphila isikhathi eside.
Ukusuka eSomerton kuya eLondon: iminyaka enqumayo
Ekhuliswe ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi, u-Cliff wathuthela e-Kingston esemncane enomgomo owodwa engqondweni: ukuziphilisa ngomculo. Lapho, wabamba ukunaka komdidiyeli uLeslie Kong esitolo somculo sikaBeverley, aqopha ngaye izingoma zakhe zokuqala futhi wazuza impumelelo yakhe yokuqala. njengeSiphepho uHattie kanye noMiss Jamaica.
Umfelandawonye ka-Kong noChris Blackwell uholele ekwakhiweni kwe-Island Records kanye nokuthuthela kukaCliff e-United Kingdom maphakathi nawo-60. Lo mculi wazinza eLondon, lapho azibonele khona mathupha ukucwasa ngokwebala kodwa wabuye waphumelela: ngo-1969 wangenela amashadi aseBrithani neWonderful World, Beautiful People, isingeniso esaletha i-reggae entsheni yaseYurophu. ngaphandle kwe-diaspora yaseCaribbean.
Ngaleso sikhathi, waqopha izingcezu ezinethonya elikhulu njenge-"Vietnam" (edunyiswe u-Bob Dylan) futhi waphinde wavakashela ama-repertoires abanye abaculi, ngenguqulo edumile ye-Cat Stevens' "Wild World." Ingoma yakhe ethi "Trapped" yayizothola impilo yesibili kamuva ezwini likaBruce Springsteen. ubufakazi bokuguquguquka kwekhathalogi yayo.
Ngale kwesitudiyo, uJimmy Cliff wayeyithalente elingaphumuli e-Kingston, ekhuthaza abaculi abasha futhi exhuma izigcawu ezahlukene. Kulowo mhlaba ovundile, wawela izindlela noBob Marley's Wailers, isikhathi esiyisisekelo esachaza ikusasa le-reggae futhi sanweba ukufinyelela kwayo eYurophu. kusukela kumakilabhu kuya emikhosini emikhulu.
Amasinema, amaculo kanye nokwanda kwe-reggae emhlabeni jikelele
Ukuphumelela kwakhe emhlabeni wonke kwenzeka ngo-1972 ne-Harder They Come (ekhishwe eSpain njengeCaiga quien caiga), lapho agqama khona endabeni yomculi owayezama ukucula e-Kingston. Le filimu ibe ngeyenkolo yakudala, kanye nengoma yayo, ehambisana ne-Many Rivers to Cross, Ungayithola Uma Ufuna Ngempela, kanye nengoma esihloko sithi, Isebenze njengesisekelo se-reggae emakethe yomhlaba.
Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, uCliff washintsha impumelelo yakhe ngokusebenzisana okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ucule neRolling Stones on Dirty Work, wasebenza noKool & the Gang, Sting, kanye noWyclef Jean, kwathi ngo-2012 wakhipha i-Rebirth noTim Armstrong (Rancid), i-albhamu emzuzele iGrammy ye-Best Reggae Album. Lokhu kuqashelwa kuhambisane nokuvumelana kobuciko okungajwayelekile. ngokweqiniso kungqikithi yohlobo.
Inguqulo yakhe ye-I Can See Clearly Now yengoma yefilimu yango-1993 ethi Cool Runnings yavuselela ukuba khona kwakhe emsakazweni nasemashadini, kuyilapho i-Reggae Night ibuyisela lo mculi phezulu emashadini e-Europe ngeminyaka yawo-1980. ekhombisa ukunxusa kwayo emphakathini jikelele.
Umsebenzi wakhe wawungaphezu kokuzijabulisa: Izingoma zikaCliff zazikhuluma ngokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalo, ithemba, isithunzi, nokuqina. Leyo nhlanganisela yesigqi, umlayezo, ne-charisma yambeka endaweni eyingqayizivele. phakathi kwesithonjana esidumile nesithenjwa samasiko.
I-Footprint eSpain naseYurophu
I-Europe yayiyinsimu ebalulekile emsebenzini wakhe kusukela eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha kuya phambili, ne-United Kingdom njengesango lakhe. E-Spain, ukudlala kwakhe bukhoma kushiye izikhathi eziningi ezikhumbulekayo: amakhonsathi amakhulu e-Vitoria (La Blanca, 2006) kanye ne-Amorebieta (2008), ukubonakala ochungechungeni lwe-Music Legends e-BBK Hall ngo-2012, kanye nokuvulwa kwakhe kweSan Sebastián Jazz Festival ngo-2015 ngengoma ogwini lwaseZurriola. ngaphezu kwemicimbi yaseCatalonia efana ne-Cruïlla.
Umthelela wayo uzwakale nasesigcawini sendawo: izizukulwane ezimbalwa zabalandeli nabaculi baseSpain bethulwa ku-reggae ngamarekhodi ayo kanye nengoma ethi The Harder They Come, ibhuloho lamasiko elihlanganise ukuxhumana nomphakathi waseYurophu. kusukela ezindaweni ezincane kuya emikhosini emikhulu.
Ukunanela kwezingoma zakhe emsakazweni nasemashadini aseBrithani, kanye nokuba khona kwakhe njalo ohambweni ezwenikazi lonke, kwasiza ukwenza i-reggae ibe yejwayelekile ezinhlelweni okwakuze kube yileso sikhathi ezazimanqikanqika ukwamukela umsindo waseJamaica. Kuleyo nqubo, uCliff wayengumuntu obalulekile. ukuduma kohlobo ngaphandle kokunciphisa ubunikazi balo.
Ukukholwa, ubushoshovu, kanye nesigaba sokugcina
Maphakathi nawo-70, umdwebi waqala ukufuna okungokomoya okwamholela ekutheni adlule e-Afrika futhi aguqukele ku-Islam. Waphinde wabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezithinta ipolitiki kanye nenhlalo yomphakathi efana nephrojekthi ye-Sun City yokulwa nobandlululo, kanti ingoma yakhe ethi "Trapped" yayiwumgogodla wemidlalo ye-Springsteen. iphakanyiswe iculo lokumelana.
Ekhulwini lama-21, uCliff wagcina ugqozi lwakhe luphila: Ukuzalwa kabusha kwamlethela izethameli ezintsha, futhi ukukhiqiza kwakhe kwaqhubeka nomsebenzi we-studio nokuvakasha kwamanye amazwe. Igama lakhe laxhunyaniswa unomphela nomlando we-reggae nomculo odumile. njengelinye lamanxusa amasiko amakhulu aseJamaica.
Ukudlula emhlabeni kukaJimmy Cliff kuphawula ukuphela komsebenzi weciko, owavulela abanye indlela futhi wathatha i-reggae yangena ezigabeni ongazicabangeli. Ifa lakhe lisala: izingoma ezeqa imingcele, ifilimu eyashintsha inkambo yohlobo, kanye nomthelela osaqhubeka nokuzwakala eYurophu naseSpain namuhla. lapho isigqi se-Caribbean sihlangana nenkumbulo ehlangene.
