Umculo wesiLatini uvuka ulila: umdlali we-tromboni, umqambi kanye nomqondisi we-orchestra UWillie Colón ushone eneminyaka engu-75 ubudala eNew YorkIdolobha azalelwa kulo futhi lapho asize khona ukuguqula umlando we-salsa unomphela. Lezi zindaba, eziqinisekiswe ngumndeni wakhe esitatimendeni esikhishwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, zisabalale njengomlilo wequbula phakathi kwabalandeli nabaculi emhlabeni jikelele.
Umdwebi, ocatshangelwayo omunye wabakhi abakhulu be-salsa yasemadolobheniUshonele esibhedlela saseBronx ngemuva kokungeniswa ezinsukwini zamuva ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo ezihlobene izinkinga zokuphefumula nezenhliziyoAbathandekayo bakhe bagcizelele ukuthi lo mculi ushone ngokuthula, ezungezwe yibo bonke abantu abaseduze naye, kuyilapho ifa lakhe liqhubeka nokuzwakala ezindaweni ezizungezile, emikhosini nasemahholo amakhonsathi kulo lonke elaseMelika naseYurophu.
Isitatimende somndeni: ukuvalelisa okunokuthula kwesikhulu se-salsa
Umndeni kaColumbus ukhiphe umyalezo omemezela “Usizi olukhulu” ngokudlula emhlabeni komculiLesi sitatimende sigcizelele ukuthi umdlali we-trombonin “ushone ngokuthula namhlanje ekuseni, ezungezwe umndeni wakhe othandekayo.” Kuwo lowo mbhalo, abathandekayo bakhe bagcizelele ukuthi, nakuba belila ukungabikho kwakhe, banamathela “esiphweni saphakade” somsebenzi wakhe kanye nezinkumbulo azishiyele izizukulwane eziningana zezilaleli.
Kuleyo nothi, esayinwe yizihlobo zakhe, kungafundwa ukuthi Bayazisa imithandazo kanye nezinkulumo zokusekela etholwe ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba futhi icela ngokusobala inhlonipho yobumfihlo bomndeni Kulezi zinsuku zokulila. Lo myalezo ususakazeke kakhulu emahoreni ambalwa futhi wabiwe yimithombo yezindaba nabaculi kulo lonke elaseLatin America, e-United States, kanye nomphakathi wamaHispanic eYurophu.
Umculi, ogama lakhe eliphelele kwakungu UWilliam Anthony Columbus RomanWayelaliswe esibhedlela eLawrence Hospital eBronxville ngemuva kokuba impilo yakhe isiwohlokile. Umndeni wakhe nabangani bakhe baveze ukukhathazeka eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwengozi enkulu yemoto ayithola ngo-2021 nomkakhe uJulia eNorth Carolina, isigameko esashiya imiphumela ehlala njalo futhi samphoqa ukuthi anciphise ukubonakala kwakhe emphakathini.
Njengoba amahora edlula, isitatimende somndeni saba yisiqinisekiso esiqinisekile sokufa kwalo mculi, sachitha amahemuhemu futhi sabonisa imizwa yezigidi zabalandeli, okuthi selokhu sashicilelwa, bagcwalise izinkundla zokuxhumana ngobuningi. imiyalezo yokubonga, ama-anecdotes, kanye nezithombe ezimbozwe ama-albhamu akhe akudala.
Ukusuka eBronx kuya emhlabeni: impilo "yomuntu waseNuyorican" owashintsha umculo wesiLatini
Wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 28, 1950 eSouth Bronx, indodana nomzukulu wabantu basePuerto RicaUWillie Colón wakhulela endaweni ephawulwe ukufuduka kwabantu baseLatin America, ubandlululo oluhlelekile, kanye nesimo samasiko esiphilayo sezindawo zabasebenzi baseNew York. Kule ndawo evundile, phakathi komculo waseCaribbean odlalwa emafasiteleni kanye namaqiniso anzima emigwaqweni, ubuntu benye yezinsika ze-salsa bakhiwa.
Ugogo wakhe u-Antonia, yena ngokwakhe amchaza ngokuthi “intombazane yasemakhaya evela eManatíWadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwakhe komuntu siqu kanye nobuciko. Kwakunguyena owaba Wamfundisa iSpanishi, wafaka ukuziqhenya kwakhe ngolimi lwasePuerto Rico Futhi wayemkhumbuza nsuku zonke ukuthi, nakuba azalelwa e-United States, ubuyena bakhe babuhlobene kakhulu nesiqhingi. Nguye futhi owamnika icilongo lakhe lokuqala lapho eneminyaka eyi-11 kuphela ubudala, imininingwane eyayizoba yinguquko emlandweni womculo wesiLatini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
UColumbus waqala ngecilongo, waqhubeka necilongo nomtshingo, kodwa Ekugcineni wathola isitayela sakhe esiqondile ku-tromboneIthuluzi ayezobumba ngalo umsindo othukuthele, wasemadolobheni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ojulile waseCaribbean. Esemusha wayesevele edlala emakhoneni emigwaqo nasemakilabhini eBronx kuyilapho izithombe ezifana nalezi U-Eddie Palmieri, uTito Puente noma uRay Barretto Bahlanganisa lokho kamuva okwakwaziwa ngokuthi i-salsa.
Lowo mfana owabhekana nokucwaswa ngokohlanga ngawo-1950 nawo-1960—lapho ukucwaswa kwakuyinto engokoqobo ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-United States—ekugcineni waba ngomunye wamazwi aqashelwa kakhulu omakhelwane baseLatino, akha isimo sengqondo. Imibhalo yomculo mayelana nokufuduka, ukungalingani, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke lokho kuxhumene nabalaleli kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ze-Atlantic.
Ukubambisana noHéctor Lavoe kanye nokuzalwa kwe-“Bad Guy from the Bronx”
Umsebenzi kaWillie Colón wobungcweti waqala kusenesikhathi kakhulu: kuphela Eseneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala, waqopha i-albhamu yakhe yokuqala, ethi "El Malo," ngo-1967., ngaphansi kwelebula leFania Records. Lokho kuqala, okwenziwe kanye nomculi uHéctor Lavoe, kwaba yindawo yokuqala yomunye wama-duo anethonya elikhulu emlandweni we-salsa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe I-trombone kaColumbus enolaka ihlanganiswe nezwi likaLavoe elihamba emgwaqweni nelingahloniphi Lokhu kwaveza umsindo omusha ngokuphelele, wahlukana nezimonyo ezicwebezelayo zika-mambo no-son ukuze bamukele ubuhle besigaba sabasebenzi, cishe njengokuthile okuvela efilimini yezigebengu. Isithombe "somfana omubi" abasiveza kuma-albhamu nasemakhonsathini saqinisa inganekwane yabo, kwaze kwaba yilapho uColón ngokwakhe ekugcineni aziwa ngokuthi “Umuntu Omubi waseBronx”.
Lobo budlelwano bukhiqize ama-albhamu ayisisekelo afana nalawa "Into Yethu" (1969) noma "Ukuphunyuka Okukhulu" (1970)kanye nohlu olude lwezingoma ezisazwakala kunoma iyiphi indawo yokudansa ye-salsa eSpain, e-Italy, eFrance, noma eJalimane. Izingoma ezifana nalezi “I-Moon Street, i-Sun Street”, “i-Che Che Colé”, “uGogo”, “uSuku lweNhlanhla yami”, “i-Murga” noma “i-Juana Peña” Baba umculo womculo wabantu baseLatini abasabalele futhi basakazwa kabanzi eziteshini zomsakazo ezikhethekile zaseYurophu phakathi neminyaka yawo-1970 kanye neminyaka yawo-1980.
Abagxeki nochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi, ngoLavoe, uColón wasungula uhlobo lwe-salsa yasemadolobheni, ukulandisa okungacacile nokujulileNgokusekelwe ekuhleleni okunamandla kwe-trombone kanye namagama angazange agweme uhlangothi olunzima lokuphila e-barrios, lesi sikhathi sibalulekile kwabaningi ukuqonda ukwanda okulandelayo kwe-salsa dura emadolobheni aseYurophu njengeMadrid, Barcelona, Paris, kanye neLondon.
Ukubambisana noRubén Blades kanye nomthelela womhlaba wonke we-"Siembra"
Ngemva kwesikhathi esinzima kakhulu noLavoe, uWillie Colón waqala olunye ubumbano olungokomlando, kulokhu nomculi nombhali wezingoma wasePanama. Ruben BladesNgo-1977 wayikhipha ku-albhamu "Ukuzibandakanya"isandulela salokho okwakuzokwenzeka. Ngemva konyaka, bobabili babezoshicilela "Ukuhlwanyela" (1978), abaningi bayibheka njenge-albhamu ye-salsa ebaluleke kakhulu kunayo yonke.
“Ukuhlwanyela” kwaba i-albhamu ethengiswa kakhulu kukhathalogi ye-Fania Records futhi, ngokusho kwemithombo eminingi ekhethekile, iyi-albhamu ye-salsa ethengiswa kakhulu emlandweni, enamanani adlula amakhophi ayizigidi ezintathu emhlabeni wonke. Ithonya layo lalilikhulu kakhulu eLatin America kanye nasemphakathini wamaLatino e-United States, kodwa futhi laline-echo ephawulekayo eYurophu, lapho abalandeli be-Latin jazz kanye nomculo womhlaba bafaka khona i-albhamu eqoqweni labo eliyisisekelo.
Isiqephu esivelele kakhulu ku-albhamu yilesi “uPedro Navaja”Indaba yemizuzu eyisikhombisa mayelana nezigebengu, ubufebe, kanye nokusinda emadolobheni, ephefumulelwe yisiko lezincwadi zaseYurophu kanye nezinkomba ezifana nokuthi UKafka noma uKurt WeillI-albhamu ihlanganiswe ngamathrekhi afana nalawa: "Ipulasitiki", ukugxekwa okuqondile kokuthanda ukuthenga kanye nokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo, kanye ne-“Sowing” uqobo, egxila kakhulu ekuzibophezeleni kwalaba bobabili kwezepolitiki nakwezenhlalo.
NgoBlades, uColón wathatha elinye igxathu ekufuneni kwakhe i- i-salsa enokuqukethwe kwezepolitiki, kwezenhlalo kanye nokuphilaokubonisa ukuthi uhlobo lomculo lungadlulela ngalé komculo wokudansa nje. Lolu shintsho ekugcineni luzobonakala endleleni i-salsa eyayibhekwa ngayo emanyuvesi, emikhosini yomculo womhlaba wonke, kanye nasezindaweni zamasiko eYurophu, lapho yaqala khona ukufundwa kokubili ngegalelo layo lomculo kanye nobukhulu bayo njengomlando wasemadolobheni.
Umsebenzi wedwa, ukubambisana kanye nekhathalogi enkulu
Ngaphandle kokubambisana kwakhe okungokomlando, uWillie Colón wakha umsebenzi we-solo ofinyelela kudeUkuhlola ukuhlanganiswa kwe-jazz, i-rock, kanye neminye imiculo yase-Afro-Caribbean. Ama-albhamu afana nalawa "Abahle, Ababi Nababi" (1975) o "I-Solo" (1988) Babonisa isifiso sabo sokuyisa i-salsa ezindaweni ezingavamile, bedlala ngomculo obanzi kanye namalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi waqopha ezinye zezingoma zakhe ezikhumbuleka kakhulu njengomculi ozimele, okuhlanganisa “Umuntu Omkhulu”, “O, Kuzoba Yini”, “Uthando Lweqiniso”, “Idyll”, “Gypsy” noma “Ithalente Lethelevishini”. Eziningi zalezi zingoma zisabalulekile kuma-DJ e-salsa emakilabhini eMadrid, eValencia, eLisbon noma eBerlin, futhi zihlanganiswe yi-orchestra yaseYurophu egxile ku-repertoire yakudala yalolu hlobo lomculo.
Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe yobungcweti, ama-akhawunti ayahlukahluka kuye ngomthombo, kodwa izibalo ziyavuma ukuthi Ukhiphe ama-albhamu angaphezu kuka-30 —kwezinye izimo udunyiswa ngemikhiqizo engaphezu kuka-40—, wafinyelela amakhophi aphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-8 nezingu-30 athengisiwe futhi zanqwabelana Amarekhodi Amaningi Egolide NeplatinumWayephinde abe ngomunye wabantu abaqokelwe ukhetho lwe- I-Grammy kanye ne-Latin Grammy, futhi wathola ukuhlonishwa okuhloniphekile ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Umsebenzi wakhe awuzange uphelele esitudiyo nasesiteji: wabamba iqhaza ku- cinema nethelevishiniEmikhiqizweni efana nethi “Vigilante”, “The Last Fight”, “Salsa”, “Miami Vice” noma i-telenovela ethi “La intrusa”, eyasiza ekusakazeni isithombe sakhe nomculo wakhe ezimakethe lapho i-salsa yayisafufusa khona, okuhlanganisa namazwe aseYurophu lapho le mikhiqizo yayisakazwa khona ibizwa ngokuthi “Vigilante” noma ibhalwe phansi.
Ukuzibophezela kwezenhlalo, ezombusazwe, kanye nezwi elingakhululekile
Kanye nomsebenzi wakhe womculo, uWillie Colón waqhubeka iminyaka eminingi edlala indima ebalulekile emculweni. ukuzibophezela okuqinile ezingxoxweni zomphakathi nezepolitikiKusukela esemncane kakhulu, wayephawuleka ngokulwela amalungelo omphakathi e-United States, isimo semiphakathi yaseLatino ezindaweni ezihlukunyeziwe, kanye nokungalingani ayekubona okumzungezile.
Lokho kukhathazeka kwangena ezingomeni zakhe eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sakhe noRubén Blades, lapho ayekhuluma khona. izihloko ezifana nenkohlakalo, ubudlova basemadolobheni, ubuzenzisi bomphakathi, kanye nokufuduka kwabantuEmkhakheni wezikhungo, wabandakanyeka empilweni yomphakathi yaseNew York, ngeziqephu ezifana nomsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni wamasiko endawo, futhi waxhunyaniswa nezinhlelo nemikhankaso yokuvikela umphakathi wamaLatino.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, umsebenzi wenkundla yezokuxhumana Kwaphinde kwadala impikiswano. UColumbus waveza imibono yakhe yezepolitiki obala, ngezinye izikhathi egcina imithetho, waze waze wamemezela ukwesekwa okuvulekile kukaDonald Trump kanye nezinqubomgomo zakhe zokufuduka eziqinileLokhu kwamtholela ukugxekwa ngisho nakwabanye abalandeli bakhe. Nokho, lezi zimo azizange zinciphise inhlonipho ngesikhundla sakhe sobuciko, yize zadala ukwahlukana phakathi kwezizukulwane phakathi kwabanye babalaleli abasha baseLatin kanye nabaculi basemadolobheni, ngokumangalisayo, ababephefumulelwe yifa lakhe lomculo.
Ngakho-ke, isithombe sakhe sihlotshaniswa ne- ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yobushoshovu, ukugxekwa komphakathi, kanye nezikhundla zezepolitiki eziphikisanayoLeli qoqo, hhayi nje lokwenza iphrofayili yakhe ibe lula, limbonisa njengomculi ohileleke ngokujulile eqinisweni elalimzungezile, ngisho nalapho imibono yakhe ingakhululekile.
Ithonya ezizukulwaneni ezintsha kanye nokuphindaphinda eSpain naseYurophu
Umthelela kaWillie Colón udlulela ngalé kwama-albhamu akhe akudala. Umsebenzi wakhe ubelokhu kugqugquzelwa izizukulwane eziningana zabaculi baseLatin naseYurophuababone kuye isibonelo sendlela yokuhlanganisa izinto ezintsha ezizwakalayo, ubuwena bamasiko kanye nendaba yasemadolobheni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amagama avela endaweni yasemadolobheni avuselele amalungiselelo awo kanye nezingoma zawo. U-Rauw Alejandro waze wathatha isampula ethi “Qué Lío”Ingoma ka-1968 kaColón noLavoe, engosini yesihloko se-albhamu yakhe ethi “Cosa Nuestra” (2025), ibhekisela ngqo endaweni yonke ye-salsa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60. Abakhiqizi abafana Nusar3000 Ezingxoxweni, bagcizelele ubuhle bama-albhamu e-salsa kusukela ngawo-1970 kuya ku-1980, okuhlanganisa namaningana kaColón, njengomthombo wokuphefumulelwa okubonakalayo kwamaphrojekthi anamuhla.
Lesi simo asigcini eMelika kuphela. ESpain, ithonya likaColumbus liyabonakala indawo ye-salsa emadolobheni afana neMadrid, iBarcelona noma iValencialapho izikole zomdanso, izindawo ezikhethekile, kanye nemikhosi yesigqi sesiLatini zifaka khona izingoma zazo njalo. Ama-orchestra ahlala khona kanye namaqembu e-hard salsa aseYurophu afaka izingoma zakudala ezifana ne-“Pedro Navaja,” “El Gran Varón,” “Idilio,” kanye ne-“Gitana” ohlwini lwazo.
Ngisho nasemkhakheni womculo we-pop ovamile kanye nowasemadolobheni, igama lakhe liye laqhubeka nokuvela. UBad Bunny ukhuluma ngaye engomeni ethi “Nueva Yol”Ngomugqa othi “Willie Colón bangibiza ngo-El Malo, ngoba iminyaka iyahamba futhi ngisathola imali eningi,” okuwuphawu lwe-albhamu ka-1967 uBenito ayicula ngesikhathi sombukiso we-Super Bowl owawusakazwa kabanzi. Nakuba uColón eveze obala ukungavumelani kwakhe neminye yenhlangano entsha yomculo wasedolobheni, ukuqashelwa kobuciko komsebenzi wakhe cishe kuyavumelana.
Emjikelezweni womculo womhlaba wonke waseYurophu, ifa lakhe lifundwe e- izinhlelo zomsakazo ezikhethekile, uchungechunge lwamanyuvesi kanye nemikhosi yamasiko ahlukahlukeneKwabaningi abalaleli eSpain nakwamanye amazwe ezwenikazi, amarekhodi akhe ayeyindlela eya ku-salsa dura kanye nomlando we-Fania, exhumanisa ulwazi lwezindawo zaseLatino eNew York nezimo zokufuduka ezivamile emadolobheni aseYurophu.
Ukusabela okuvela ezweni lomculo: kusukela eCaribbean kuya ezigabeni zaseYurophu
Ngemva kwezindaba zokushona kukaWillie Colón, umhlaba womculo ugcwele izikhumbuzo zomphakathi. Abaculi abangozakwabo, abaculi abasebasha, kanye nabantu abahlobene ne-salsa nezinye izinhlobo zomculo baveze usizi lwabo kanye nokuncoma kwabo emilayezweni eyabiwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nasezitolo zezindaba.
UmPanama URubén Blades ukuqinisekisile ukufa ngozakwabo wangaphambili futhi wavuma ukuthi kwakuyizindaba ayengabaza ukuzikholwa. Emyalezweni wakhe, wathumela amazwi enduduzo kumkaColón, uJulia, izingane zakhe, nomndeni wakhe wonke, wathi, uma esenesikhathi esengeziwe, uzobhala “ngefa lomculo elibalulekile nelibalulekile” elishiywa ngumculi we-tromboni.
Umculi we-merengue Elvis crespo Wabhala ukuthi “namuhla ama-trombone aseBronx aphefumulela ukubonga kwami kuNkulunkulu nokuphila ngokungivumela ukuba ngizwe ubuhlakani bomdwebi okhulumela abanye ngobuhlakani bakhe kanye nokuzwela kwakhe,” futhi wagcizelela ukuthi ithonya likaColón “lifakwe” enkumbulweni yakhe nasenhliziyweni yakhe. Evela ePuerto Rico, UVictor Manuelle Wakhumbula ukuthi “futhi izwe le-salsa lilahlekelwa ngomunye wemifanekiso yalo evelele kakhulu, u-'The Bad Guy from the Bronx' uWillie Colón,” kuyilapho UJerry rivera Uchaze lo mculi njengomuntu "odumile wasePuerto Rico owaguqula i-trombone yaba ifulege kanye nomakhelwane waba yi-symphony."
I-Dominican UWilfrido Vargas Ugcizelele ukuthi uColón wayebonisa “uguquko, ubuwena, nesibindi sobuciko,” “umakhi womsindo wesiLatini” owasiza ekudaleni ukunyakaza okwashintsha umculo futhi wanika i-salsa ukufinyelela wonke umuntu. Ngokusho kukaVargas, ifa lakhe alilona elesifunda esisodwa, “kodwa elesintu,” ngoba umculo wakhe uyaqhubeka nokuzwakala “kuwo wonke ama-orchestra, kuzo zonke izindawo, kuzo zonke izigaba lapho umculo wesiLatini ukhanyisa khona imiphefumulo.”
Abaculi bayathanda UMarc Anthony noma u-Oscar D'LeónAbantu abavamile abavakashela eYurophu kanye neqembu elikhulu labalandeli eSpain, nabo bahlanganyele emcimbini wokuhlonipha. U-Anthony wabelane ngesithombe noColón, embonga ngefa lakhe futhi ekhumbuza wonke umuntu ukuthi umculo wakhe “uphila phakade,” kuyilapho uD'León ekhuluma nomphakathi waseBronx, ePuerto Rico, kanye nayo yonke iLatin America ekhala ngokushona “kwesiqhwaga” futhi egcizelela ukuthi, yize i-salsa ilila namuhla, umsebenzi wakhe uzoqhubeka nokugcwalisa izindawo zokudansa emhlabeni jikelele.
Okwamanje, emadolobheni afana IMadrid, iBarcelona, iParis noma i-AmsterdamIzindawo eziningi ezizinikele kumculo we-salsa nowesiLatini zimemezele ubusuku obukhethekile bokuhlonipha uColón, kanye nezikhathi ezizinikele kuma-hits akhe amakhulu kanye namaqoqo akhe athatha iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha yomsebenzi wakhe. Abahleli abaningi bezinhlelo zemikhosi yaseYurophu baveze inhloso yabo yokufaka izikhumbuzo ezisemthethweni ezinhlelweni zabo ezizayo.
Ukufa kukaWillie Colón kuqeda umlando womuntu omelela, njengabanye abambalwa, Umlando we-salsa kanye ne-diaspora yesiLatini ngekhulu lama-20Kodwa ithonya lakhe lisekhona kakhulu: kuma-orchestra adlala amalungiselelo akhe, kubaculi basemadolobheni abamcaphuna, emakilabhini aseYurophu lapho i-"Pedro Navaja" idlalwa khona ngomsindo ogcwele, nakulabo, abavela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba, abaziqaphelayo kulezo zindaba zomakhelwane, ukufuduka, kanye nokumelana ayekwazi ukukuguqula kube umculo.