Ubuchwepheshe bungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi, singakubona kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke, njengomakhalekhukhwini, izinto zikagesi, izimoto, phakathi kokunye; elimele ithonya elibalulekile endaweni yemvelo, esihlokweni esilandelayo sizofunda okwengeziwe mayelana nendlela Ubuchwepheshe obuthinta ngayo Imvelo.
Ubuchwepheshe Buyithinta Kanjani Imvelo?
Umuntu uye wagxila ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo okuqhubekayo komphakathi, egxile ekutholeni inani elikhulu lezinsiza ezikwazi ukwanelisa izimfuno ezidingekayo futhi zikhuthaze izinga lokuphila elingcono; Ngalokhu, wasungula amathuluzi avumela ukuthuthuka kwesintu, njengobuchwepheshe, isici esibalulekile namuhla futhi esikhona kunoma yiliphi isiko, kuyo yonke iminyaka kanye nobulili obuhlukene.
Kwaziwa njengesethi yamathuluzi, izindlela namasu aklanywe ngezisekelo zobunjiniyela nolwazi lwesayensi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye noma iqoqo. Ubuchwepheshe buhlale buvumelana nezikhathi lapho budlula futhi buvumelana nezidingo zangempela, buhlala buguquka futhi buthuthukisa izici ezethulwa kalula emphakathini, ezihlale zihlose ukunethezeka kwabantu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. .
Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bukhona ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ezomnotho (izinkokhelo ezenziwe nge-inthanethi), ezenhlalakahle (ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli efoni ahlukene, amadivaysi kagesi, phakathi kokunye), ezempilo (amasu okusebenza, ukudalwa kwamarobhothi) nezinye izici eziningi. ; ehlala ivela futhi enikela ngemikhiqizo eya ngokuya iba khona ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke.
Iplanethi enguMhlaba ibe ngaphansi kwezinguquko ezithonywa ukwanda kwenani labantu, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwamandla, isidingo sokukhiqizwa kokudla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla zobuchwepheshe emiphakathini yamanje; ukugqamisa ukuba khona kwezobuchwepheshe okuphezulu okulethe intuthuko enkulu kumuntu kodwa kube nomthelela omkhulu endaweni ezungezile njengokungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla ngokweqile, ukucekelwa phansi komhlaba wemvelo, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha kwezindawo eziluhlaza, phakathi kokunye.
Ubuchwepheshe Nemvelo
Iningi lemisebenzi eyenziwa ngumuntu ikhiqiza uhlobo lokungcola, isibonelo ngokukhipha into ethile ngamapayipi (ukungcoliswa kwemisinga yamanzi), ukusetshenziswa kukagesi ngokweqile edolobheni (ukukhanya), imisindo engaguquki ngevolumu eyihaba (i-acoustic), ukukhishwa kwamagesi aphuma kumapayipi okukhipha umoya wezimoto (atmospheric), phakathi kokunye. Zonke lezi zinqubo zizokhiqiza izinsalela ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, indawo ezungezile iyona etholwa yilowo nalowo.
Ngisho nohlobo oluthile lokungcola ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto zikagesi ezifana nokushisisa, okomoya, ama-microwave, amafriji, amakhompyutha, phakathi kokunye; ukukhiqiza imfucuza engcolisayo ezoba nomthelela emphakathini kuye ngezici zokukhula kwesibalo sabantu, izinga lokufudukela emadolobheni, ukwenziwa kwemishini kwezolimo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo yendawo.
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, kube nokuqhubeka kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezobuchwepheshe egqugquzele ukuthuthuka okukhulu emphakathini, kanye nokudanga ukwanda okukhulu kwezici ezingcolisayo zamadolobha, ikakhulukazi ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela kwabezindaba. ezokuthutha, ukukhishwa kwezimboni, ukukhishwa kwegesi okuvela phansi noma lezo eziphuma emakhaya. Konke lokhu kudala umthelela omkhulu emvelweni, okugqamisa:
- Ukuphenduka ugwadule kwenhlabathi, okubangela ukugcwala kukasawoti emanzini okuholela ekubeni umhlaba ube ne-asidi kanye nokuguguleka kwezindawo ezingaphezulu.
- Amagesi abamba ukushisa atholakala ongqimbeni olusemkhathini wamadolobha angabangela inkungu noma intuthu enomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.
- Kunomthelela ekuncipheni kwezinhlobo zofuzo ezithinta ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo nezilwane.
- Ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza kugqugquzela ukungcoliswa kwemisinga yamanzi.
- Ukugawulwa ngokweqile nangokweqile kwamahlathi nezindawo zasemadolobheni kubangele ukulahleka kwezindawo eziningi eziluhlaza.
- Izinqubo zezimboni zikhiqiza imfucuza eningi elahlwa ezindaweni ezingavikelekile, lokhu kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu emazweni ampofu kakhulu, esithinta kabi izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane.
Izinhlobo Zokungcoliswa Kwezobuchwepheshe
Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo nezinsiza zobuchwepheshe ezidalwe ngumuntu kudala umthelela omuhle (inqubekelaphambili emphakathini nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpahla) kanye nomthelela omubi endaweni ezungezile (ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo). Njengamanje kubhekwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe kungabhekwa njengokungcolisa, ngakho-ke kuhlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nokulahlwa kokugcina ekupheleni kokuphila kwabo okuwusizo, ake sazi kancane mayelana ngamunye :
Ukwenziwa Kwamadivayisi Ezobuchwepheshe
Ukwakhiwa kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo kudinga iqembu lezakhi ukwenza inqubo, okwamanje kube nomzabalazo oqhubekayo wezinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwawo. Izimpahla ezifunwa kakhulu omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha edeskithophu, amabhethri, amalaptop nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwedivayisi esebenzisa amagajethi ezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwemisebenzi yawo, eyenziwe ngezinc, ithusi, insimbi, i-aluminium nezinye izinsimbi ezifana negolide, iplatinum noma isiliva, kwezinye izimo izinhlobo ezahlukene zepulasitiki nengilazi zingasetshenziswa.
Imboni yezimayini ingenye ehamba phambili ekuhlinzekeni ngempahla yokwakhiwa kwezinto zikagesi, yibona abaphethe ukukhishwa kwezinsiza ezifana negolide, insimbi, i-aluminium, i-coltan, phakathi kokunye, futhi baphethe zokucwengisiswa ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokulandelayo; lesi sakamuva simele umsebenzi onomthelela ophawuleka kakhulu kwezemvelo ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezindawo zokumba kanye nezindawo ezingomakhelwane.
Izimayini zisemazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi ezwenikazi i-Afrika, ngeshwa kube nokuwohloka okukhulu kwezindawo ngenxa yokwehluleka kwemibuso, ohulumeni abakhohlakele kanye nemithetho engemihle yezemvelo; ngaphandle kokushiya ngaphandle ukumbiwa kwezimbiwa ngokungemthetho, osekuholele ekulahlekelweni yimithombo yemvelo yesizwe.
I-mineral evelele kunazo zonke i-coltan, eyaziwa nangokuthi "igolide elimnyama", iyinsimbi eyenziwe nge-tantalum, elungele ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezincane ze-elekthronikhi ezifana nomakhalekhukhwini. Lo mthombo uvela ikakhulukazi eDemocratic Republic of the Congo, izimayini ezikulesi sifunda ziphethwe amaqembu ahlomile ahlala ngaphansi kwezimo ezidabukisayo.
I-UNICEF isisole ukuthi cishe izingane ezingu-40000 zisebenza kulezi zimayini, zibona ukwephulwa okuphawulekayo kwamalungelo abantu, ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nokuwohloka kwemvelo ngenxa yezinqubo zokumba ezingahambisani nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela, ukuphepha kanye nenhlonipho. kubantu nemvelo.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwedatha Nokufudumala Komhlaba
Ubuchwepheshe yitemu elidume kakhulu emphakathini, okwamanje kukhona ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana abangele ukwanda okukhulu kwamadivayisi axhunywe ku-inthanethi. Isibonelo esikhona kakhulu omakhalekhukhwini lapho ungacela khona izinsiza, uthumele imiyalezo, ukhiphe umculo nemisebenzi engapheli; Lezi zenzo zibangela ukusetshenziswa okumakiwe kwedatha ngamanethiwekhi. Zonke lezi zici zinomthelela ekungcoleni okucashile kwezobuchwepheshe esintwini.
Yonke le datha igcinwa ezikhungweni zedatha (izikhungo zedatha), njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwedatha kukhula kanyekanye ziyakhula kanye nezipele ezenziwe. Lezi zimo zesevisi zidinga ugesi, isistimu yokugcina, amadivaysi enethiwekhi namasistimu okupholisa. Njengamanje kusetshenziswe kakhulu ugesi ongama-2% emhlabeni wonke, okubangela ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini.
Izinkampani ezifana ne-Google, iMicrosoft kanye ne-Amazon zenze ubuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezikhungweni zedatha, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo kanye nokuthola amazinga okushisa aphansi ezikhungweni zedatha; ngokuba lula isiqandisi sazo zonke izinceku ngaphandle kokudinga ukudla amandla.
Ukumosha Izinto zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi
Njengamanje, izinto zobuchwepheshe zishintsha njalo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zifinyelele ukuphila kwazo okuwusizo zithathelwa indawo inguqulo ephakeme; izimboni ekwenzeni lezi zinqubo zingaba nemikhuba yokungathembeki, isibonelo ukuphelelwa yisikhathi okuhleliwe kumelela isici esicacile sokungcoliswa kobuchwepheshe, ngoba zinciphisa ngokuqaphela impilo evamile yezinto zikagesi ukuze ziphoqe umthengi ukuthi athenge amathuluzi amasha .
Yonke le mishini yenziwe ngezinsimbi namakhemikhali angazange aphathwe ngaphambili futhi angabangela ukungcoliswa kwezobuchwepheshe ngakho-ke imiphumela emibi yemvelo, njengokuphuma kwamagesi emkhathini, ukunqwabelana kwemfucuza, phakathi kokunye.
Isixazululo esiyinhloko salolu hlobo lwengxabano siwukusebenzisa kabusha kanye nokugaywa kabusha. Esimweni sokuqala, sebenzisa izinto zikagesi zokukhethwa kwesibili, ukwandisa impilo yayo ewusizo; Endabeni yokugaywa kabusha, nciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimayini, ngale ndlela ukuwohloka kwemvelo kugwenywa futhi kugwenywe ukuthekelisa emazweni omhlaba wesithathu njengendawo yokulahla imfucumfucu nokuqoqwa kwemfucuza.
Enye Idatha Ngokungcoliswa Komkhathi
Akuyona imfihlo emphakathini mayelana namazinga aphezulu okungcola emhlabeni, okufakazela ukuthi ukugcwala komkhathi wamagesi ayingozi endaweni ezungezile kuye kwakhula kakhulu kusukela ekuguqukeni kwezimboni. Ukugcizelela i-carbon dioxide (CO2), ene-concentration ebalulekile phakathi kuka-275 ppm maphakathi nawo-80 futhi okwamanje 361 ppm. Endabeni ye-methane (CH4) ukuphindwa kabili kokugxilisa ingqondo ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule cishe ku-1,8 ppm kuyabonwa futhi namuhla ifinyelela ku-17 ppm.
Womabili amagesi akhiqize ukuwohloka okukhulu kongqimba lwe-ozone futhi athonya ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, omunye wemithombo eyinhloko yokungcoliswa kwe-carbon dioxide ukushiswa kwamahlathi nezinhlobo zezitshalo, lo mkhuba wenziwa kabanzi ukuze kwandiswe umhlaba wezitshalo nokwanda ezindaweni zasemakhaya. izindawo; Omunye umthombo ukushiswa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi njengomthombo wamandla asetshenziselwa izinto zokuhamba, ukhiphela isamba esikhulu sakho kokubili amagesi neminonjana yamanye emkhathini.
Amagesi ane-chlorinated nawo angabangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okubangela ukwanda kwembobo yongqimba lwe-ozone, lokhu kungenxa yokuncipha kwayo nokuvumela imisebe yelanga ukuba ithinte ngokuqondile umhlaba. Izinga le-ozone elikhona emazwenikazi anjenge-Antarctica liphansi kakhulu, okwenza izinguzunga zeqhwa zale planethi ziqale ukuncibilika, okube nomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu embulungeni yonke.
Lezi zinguquko ziye zabangela izinguquko ezinkulu emizimbeni yamanzi, zagqugquzela ukufuduka kwabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane, ukuguqulwa kwezilimo, izimvula ezinamandla, iziphepho kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu.
Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe Kwezemvelo
Naphezu kwazo zonke izici ezigqanyisiwe, ubuchwepheshe bungaba nomthelela omuhle esintwini, bube neqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo ezungezile, inqobo nje uma busetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokongiwa kwemvelo, ngokubambisana ekwehliseni umthelela wamagesi abamba ukushisa. ungqimba lwe-ozone kanye ne-carbon footprint, ezinye zalezi zenzo zigqanyiswe ngezansi:
Ukusebenzisa kabusha
Ukugaywa kabusha kuyisilinganiso esisetshenziselwa ukuphinda kusetshenziswe eminye imikhiqizo esivele iqede ukuphila kwayo okujwayelekile kokusebenziseka, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, izinqubo zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha zinyukile, kusetshenziswa imisebenzi ehlukene ukuze kusungulwe izinto ezintsha endaweni yocwaningo lwesayensi.
Ulwazi Olukhulu Lobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe bunomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza imikhakha emisha yocwaningo nolunye ulwazi lwesayensi ngendawo ezungezile, okuvumela ukuklanywa kweminye imikhiqizo evuna imvelo.
Izinhlobo Ezintsha Zamandla
Bavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla esimeme futhi angavumelani nemvelo kusetshenziswa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo, ezifana namandla elanga, amanzi kanye namandla omoya.
Amafutha Emvelo
Bafaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zokuhamba zemvelo, eziphawuleka ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezihlonipha kakhulu imvelo, ngaleyo ndlela zigweme ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Ukulahlwa Kwemfucuza Yamakhemikhali
Ithuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha nezinqubo ezinesibopho sokuqeda udoti wamakhemikhali ngokuthembekile nangenhlonipho ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo endaweni yemvelo.
Ukulawula Amandla
Kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezilawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindlini, lesi sici sisacwaningwa, njengoba izindawo zasemadolobheni zesizwe ngasinye kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: