Nakuba ithemba lomsebenzi oqhutshwa ngabantu ukuya eMars selilokhu likhula iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, isintu asikaze sisondele ngempela ekufezeni lesi senzo… kuze kube manje.
Muva nje, impikiswano ivulwe kabusha mayelana nokuthi isintu sizokwazi nini ukufeza uhambo lwaso lokuqala oluya eMars ngendizamkhathi eqhutshwa abashayeli bezindiza abangabantu. Impendulo ibonakala isondelene kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaphrojekthi ka-Elon Musk, i-CEO ye-SpaceX.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo esihlokweni sethu mayelana neNyanga zikaJupiter.
Uhambo oluya eMars olunabantu luyisihloko esithakazelisa kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi, abathandi bomkhathi, kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Akungabazeki ukuthi lokhu kungaba isinyathelo esilandelayo esikhulu sabantu emizamweni yabo yokuhlola indawo yonke.
Ngokungangabazeki, siphila esikhathini esingamangaza izazi zezinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni. Abantu abafana no-Hubble, Sagan kanye no-Kepler bangathakasela ukuthuthuka kwethu.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eziye zakha uhambo olucatshangelwayo oluya ePlanethini Elibomvu: Iyini isizinda somlando sokuhamba uye eMars? Kuyokwenzeka nini? Yini esiyaziyo ngeMars? Sizokwazi yini ukusungula ikoloni labantu eMars?
Mars: umakhelwane wethu obomvu
I-Mars ayiyena kuphela umakhelwane wethu oseduze kakhulu ngoba isendleleni elandelayo yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Nokho, ukubalwa kwebanga ukusuka ku-Mars ukuya eMhlabeni kuncike ekumeni okuhlobene kwamaplanethi phakathi nokuzungeza kwawo iLanga.
Kodwa-ke, uma sicabangela ibanga eliphakathi kwamaplanethi amabili endaweni yawo eseduze, ahlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-59 kuphela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ngobuchwepheshe bethu bamanje, kungenzeka ukumboza leli banga ohambweni oluzothatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-90.
Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho amaplanethi womabili engena "ekuphikiseni" ngesikhathi sokujikeleza komjikelezo wawo, okungukuthi, aseduze komunye nomunye, endaweni eseduze kakhulu yokuzungeza kwawo ngokuphathelene neLanga.
Yini esiyaziyo ngeMars?
Mayelana nosayizi wayo:
I-Red Planet incane kakhulu kunoMhlaba. Enkabazwe inobubanzi obungaba amakhilomitha angu-3389.5, obucishe bulingane nohhafu weplanethi yethu.
Amandla adonsela phansi:
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nobuningi obuphansi, iMars inobunzima obuphindwe kane kunoMhlaba, okuthinta ngqo ezinye izinto ezibalulekile empilweni. Isibonelo, eMars besizoba no-38% kuphela wamandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba atholakalayo, okuzokwenza izinto zibe nzima kakhulu uma singasungula ikoloni. Lesi yisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.
Umkhathi:
Ukwaziswa okubuyiswe yi-Mars Rover kwaqinisekisa lokho okwase kukholakala iminyaka eminingi: umkhathi waseMartian ubuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ungasekela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni. Eqinisweni, indawo engaphansi kwe-Mars inomfutho ongaphansi kwekhulu womoya wethu osezingeni lolwandle.
Ithempelesha:
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, iMars ibanda kakhulu ukusekela impilo efana neyoMhlaba . Nakuba inezinkathi zonyaka, njengoMhlaba, izinga lokushisa layo elijwayelekile olwandle lingu--55°C.
Ukutholakala kwamanzi:
Ngo-2015, i-NASA yenza isimemezelo esibalulekile: imithombo eminingana engaphansi komhlaba yamanzi acwebile yatholakala eMars. Ukusesha amanzi kubalulekile emakoloni esikhathi esizayo.
Ngenxa yomfutho ophansi womoya, amanzi acwebezelayo awakwazi ukuba khona ngokwemvelo ebusweni beMars. Kodwa-ke, idatha eqoqwe yimisebenzi yeMars Express kanye neMars Reconnaissance ikhombisa ukuthi iziqongo zeqhwa zaseMars polar ziqukethe amanzi aqandisiwe anele ukumboza iplanethi.
Isizinda somlando sohambo oluya ku-Mars
Phakathi nawo-1960, iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yavuselela umjaho onamandla wokunqoba uhlelo lwelanga. Ngaphezu kokufika enyangeni okuphumelelayo ngo-1969, i-USSR kanye ne-United States babefuna indlela yokuthumela imisebenzi yabantu eMars. Lo mongo wawuphawulwe umjaho wasemkhathini.
Enye yemisebenzi evelele kakhulu kwakuyiMartian Piloted Complex, umsebenzi wokuhlola owawuzozama ukuzungeza iplanethi ebomvu nomhlaba ngo-1962. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi wakhanselwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ngo-1965, ngemva kwamaphrojekthi amaningana ahlulekile, i- Mars 4 probe (USA) yathola izithombe zokuqala ezithathwe eduze kweMars, kodwa yayizobhujiswa ngokushesha.
Ngo-1972, i-USSR yakwazi ukubeka into yokuqala ebusweni be-Mars: kwakuyi-astromobile eyathinta phansi futhi yakwazi ukudlulisa izithombe ezithile emhlabathini waseMartian, kodwa yalahlekelwa ukuxhumana ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ifike.
Ngo-1997, i- Mars Pathfinder probe yafika eMars nge- Sojourner rover. Indawo yokufika yasakazwa kuthelevishini. Bahlola ubuso beMars izinyanga ezimbili, beqoqa idatha ngokwakheka komhlabathi nomoya. Lesi senzakalo saphawula ingqophamlando emisebenzini yasemkhathini.
Ekugcineni, ngo-2011, kwethulwa umkhankaso wasemkhathini ogcwele owaziwa ngokuthi i-Mars Curiosity . Le rover isasebenza futhi inikeze idatha ethembekile mayelana nokwakheka kobuso beMars obungaphezu kuka-80%, kanye nedatha mayelana nokugcinwa kwamanzi okungenzeka.
I-Space X nohlelo lokuya ku-Mars
U-Elon Musk, umsunguli kanye ne-CEO ye-SpaceX, inkampani ehamba phambili emhlabeni yezindiza, wamemezela ekuqaleni kuka-2020 ukuthi uklame uhlelo lokuthumela imisebenzi yabantu eMars ngo-2024. Lokhu kubonisa intuthuko enkulu ekuhloleni isikhala.
Uhlelo lukaMusk lokuhlanganisa iMars, empeleni, luzoqala ngo-2022, lapho kwethulwa amarokhethi okuqala asebenziseka kabusha, okufanele ahlale endaweni yaseMartian ukuze aqoqe idatha ethembekile phansi.
Kamuva, ngonyaka ka-2024, i-Space X ihlela ukuthi kungaba yini impumelelo yaso enkulu kunazo zonke: uhambo oluya ku-Mars oluqhutshwa abantu. Ukufeza lokhu, uMusk usebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwerokhethi yasemkhathini entsha ezothatha indawo yama-prototypes angaphambilini afana ne-Falcon 9 ne-Dragon.
BFR, irokhethi ezosiyisa ku-Mars
Ukufeza umgomo omkhulu wokuthumela amalungu eqembu eMars kudinga intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe kubantu. U-Elon Musk uyaqiniseka ukuthi angakufeza ngephrojekthi yakhe entsha e-SpaceX: the Big Fucking Rocket (BFR).
Ngokwamazwi e-CEO, leli kuzoba ithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokuthutha phakathi kwamaplanethi emlandweni. Ingase isetshenziswe kabusha ngokuphelele futhi izoba nezindleko eziphansi zokuqalisa zawo wonke umjaho wasemkhathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le rokhethi izokwazi ukuthutha amalungu abasebenzi afinyelela ku-100, kanye nesikhathi sohambo oluya eMars esingaba yizinyanga eziyisithupha. Le rokhethi imelela intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe basemkhathini.
Ukuze kuzuzwe amandla adingekayo, lo mkhumbi uzofakelwe izinjini eziyi-6 Raptor, nazo eziklanywe i-Space X ukuze zisebenze emkhathini.
Amarokhethi amasha e-Raptor anikwa amandla yi-methane ewuketshezi nomoya-mpilo, esikhundleni se-hydrogen, njengamarokhethi ayesetshenziswa yi-NASA ngaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini, njengezinye izingxenye zomkhumbi, zingasetshenziswa kabusha, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuqalisa.
Uhambo oluya ku-Mars: Isikhathi
Uma izinhlelo zikaMusk zilungile futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini zakhe ezintsha kuqediwe ngaphambi kuka-2024, amarokhethi amasha angaqeda uhambo olucishe lube yizigidi ezingama-60 zamakhilomitha esikhathini esilinganiselwe sokuhamba ukuya eMars esiphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-9.
Kunokwehluka esibalweni sobude besikhathi sohambo ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamaplanethi emigudwini yawo.
Abasebenzi abazovakashela i-Mars
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2020, i-NASA ikhethe iqembu elikhethiwe labaphothule ohlelweni lwe-ARTEMIS lokuqeqeshwa kwabasomkhathi. Nakuba laba bantu beqeqeshwe umsebenzi wenyanga ka-2024, babhekwa njengabazongenela kakhulu umsebenzi oqhutshwa ngabasebenzi be-Mars. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kwabasomkhathi kubalulekile empumelelweni yabo.
Ithimba, elakhiwe osomkhathi abasebasha abangu-13, lihlanganisa abashayeli bezindiza bezempi nososayensi abasebenza ngokukhethekile: isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ubunjiniyela bezindiza, onjiniyela bemishini, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba, njll.
Izithiyo ezingaba khona zohambo oluya ku-Mars
- Umonakalo odalwe yiziphepho zemisebe yelanga endleleni
- Dizayina idivayisi ekwazi ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo owanele ukuze isungule isisekelo endaweni ye-Martian
- Imiphumela emibi engokwengqondo yezisebenzi, ngenxa yohambo lokuvalelwa isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Nqoba imigoqo yezepolitiki nekahulumeni, ebambezela izinhlelo zokuhlola indawo yangasese njenge-Space X
- Ukuqeqeshwa kosomkhathi abanele abavela ezindaweni ezehlukene zesayensi, okudingekayo ukuze kusungulwe isisekelo: izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, izazi zebhayoloji, izazi zefiziksi, osokhemisi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, oomakhenikha, abasebenzi bezokwelapha, njll.
Isiphetho
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, ukucabanga ukuthi isintu sizokwazi ukuhamba futhi mhlawumbe sisungule amakoloni kwamanye amaplanethi kwakubonakala njengendaba ekude, ephuma ku-movie kaJules Verne noma inoveli.
Nokho, uhambo olungenzeka oluya ku-Mars phakathi neminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 elandelayo lungenzeka. Isampula esingenakuphikiswa sesikhathi esimangalisayo sentuthuko okuye kwadingeka ukuba siphile ngayo.
