Nakuba umbono we-a Uhambo oluya ku-Mars emkhunjini ophethwe umuntu usuqoqwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, isintu asikaze sisondele ngempela ekufezeni lesi senzo…kuze kube manje.
Muva nje, ingxoxo mayelana isintu siyokwazi nini ukufinyelela uhambo lokuqala oluya e-mars ngomkhumbi ophethwe abashayeli bezindiza abangabantu. Impendulo ibonakala iseduze kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamaphrojekthi ka-Elon Musk, i-CEO ye-Space X.
Ungase ube nesithakazelo esihlokweni sethu cishe Izinyanga zeJupiter.
Uhambo oluya ku-Mars, namuhla, luyisihloko esithakaselwa kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi, abathandi bomkhathi kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi kungaba isinyathelo esikhulu esilandelayo sesintu kuso umjaho wokuhlola indawo yonke.
Ngokungangabazeki, siphila esikhathini esingamangaza izazi zezinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni. Abantu abafana no-Hubble, Sagan kanye no-Kepler bangathakasela ukuthuthuka kwethu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu eziye zabeka i-hypothetical uhambo oluya eRed Planet: Uyini umlando womlando wohambo oluya ku-Mars? Kuyokwenzeka nini? Yini esiyaziyo ngeMars? Ingabe sizokwazi ukumisa ikoloni labantu ku-Mars?
Mars: umakhelwane wethu obomvu
I-Mars ayiyena kuphela umakhelwane wethu oseduze kakhulu ngoba isendleleni elandelayo yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Nokho, ukubalwa kwebanga ukusuka ku-Mars ukuya eMhlabeni kuncike ekumeni okuhlobene kwamaplanethi phakathi nokuzungeza kwawo iLanga.
Nokho, uma ibanga eliphakathi kwamaplanethi amabili endaweni yawo eseduze licatshangelwa, aqhelelene ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-59 kuphela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, ngobuchwepheshe bethu bamanje, bekungenzeka ukuhlanganisa leli banga ohambweni olwaluzothatha izinsuku ezingaphezudlwana kwezingu-90.
Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho amaplanethi womabili engena "ekuphikiseni" ngesikhathi sokujikeleza komjikelezo wawo, okungukuthi, aseduze komunye nomunye, endaweni eseduze kakhulu yokuzungeza kwawo ngokuphathelene neLanga.
Yini esiyaziyo ngeMars?
Mayelana nosayizi wayo:
I-Red Planet incane kakhulu kunoMhlaba. Enkabazwe inobubanzi obungaba amakhilomitha angu-3389.5, obucishe bulingane nohhafu weplanethi yethu.
Amandla adonsela phansi:
Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, i-Mars inesisindo esingaphansi ngokuphindwe ka-4 kuneplanethi yethu, okuthinta ngokuqondile ezinye izici ezibalulekile zokuphila kwethu. Isibonelo, ku-Mars singaba nama-38% kuphela amandla ethu adonsela phansi atholakalayo, okungenza izinto zibe nzima uma kwenzeka kusungulwa ikoloni. Lokhu kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele uyikhumbule kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi..
Umkhathi:
Ukwaziswa okubuyiswe yi-Mars Rover kwaqinisekisa lokho okwase kukholakala iminyaka eminingi: umkhathi waseMartian ubuthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ungasekela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni. Eqinisweni, indawo engaphansi kwe-Mars inomfutho ongaphansi kwekhulu womoya wethu osezingeni lolwandle.
Ithempelesha:
Ngokuphambene nalokho okukholelwayo, I-Mars iyindawo ebanda kakhulu ukuba ingasekela ukuphila kwasemhlabeni. Nakuba inezinkathi zonyaka, njengoMhlaba, izinga lokushisa layo elivamile olwandle lingu -55°C.
Ukutholakala kwamanzi:
Ngo-2015, i-NASA yenza isimemezelo esibalulekile: imithombo eminingana engaphansi komhlaba yamanzi ayiketshezi yatholakala ku-Mars. Ukufuna amanzi kubalulekile emakoloni esikhathini esizayo.
Ngenxa yokucindezela okuphansi komkhathi, ku-Mars akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokwemvelo amanzi awuketshezi phezu kweplanethi. Nokho, idatha eqoqwe yimishini yokuhlola: IMars Express y I-Mars Reconnaissance, kubonisa ukuthi i-Martian polar ice caps inamanzi ayiqhwa anele ukumboza iplanethi.
Isizinda somlando sohambo oluya ku-Mars
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1960, iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yabhebhezela umjaho onolaka wokunqoba isimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngaphezu kohambo oluyimpumelelo oluya eNyangeni ngo-1969, i-USSR kanye ne-United States babefuna indlela thumela ohambweni lwe-Mars. Lo mongo waphawulwa ngokuncintisana kwendawo.
Enye yamaphrojekthi aphawuleka kakhulu kwakuyi- I-Martian Piloted Complex, umsebenzi wokuhlola owawuzozama ukuzungeza iplanethi ebomvu nomhlaba ngonyaka ka-1962. Nokho, lo msebenzi wakhanselwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuntuleka kokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ngo-1965, ngemva kwamaphrojekthi ambalwa ahlulekile, uphenyo Mashi 4 (I-USA), ithole izithombe zokuqala ezithathwe eduze kwe-Mars, kodwa izobhujiswa ngokushesha.
Ngo-1972, i-USSR yakwazi ukubeka into yokuqala ebusweni be-Mars: kwakuyi-astromobile eyathinta phansi futhi yakwazi ukudlulisa izithombe ezithile emhlabathini waseMartian, kodwa yalahlekelwa ukuxhumana ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa ifike.
Ngo-1997, uphenyo lwafika ku-Mars. I-Mars Pathfinder nge-rover Isihambi. Ukuhlala emhlabathini waseMartian kwavezwa kuthelevishini. Bobabili bakwazi ukuhlola indawo ye-Martian izinyanga ezingu-2, beqoqa idatha mayelana nokwakheka kwenhlabathi nomoya. Lo mcimbi umake ingqophamlando ohambweni lwasemkhathini.
Ekugcineni, ngo-2011 umsebenzi wasemkhathini ogcwele owaziwa ngokuthi I-Mars Curiosity. Leli qembu lisasebenza futhi linikeze idatha enokwethenjelwa mayelana nokubunjwa kwendawo engaphezu kuka-80% ye-Martian surface, kanye nedatha mayelana namadiphozi amanzi okungenzeka.
I-Space X nohlelo lokuya ku-Mars
U-Elon Musk, umsunguli kanye no-CEO we-SpaceX, inkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, umemezele ekuqaleni kuka-2020 ukuthi uklame uhlelo thumela ohambweni lwe-Mars ngo-2024. Lokhu kubonisa intuthuko enkulu ekuhloleni indawo..
Uhlelo lukaMusk lokuhlanganisa iMars, empeleni, luzoqala ngo-2022, lapho kwethulwa amarokhethi okuqala asebenziseka kabusha, okufanele ahlale endaweni yaseMartian ukuze aqoqe idatha ethembekile phansi.
Kamuva, ngonyaka ka-2024, i-Space X ihlela ukuthi kungaba yini impumelelo yaso enkulu kunazo zonke: uhambo oluya ku-Mars oluqhutshwa abantu. Ukufeza lokhu, uMusk usebenza ekuthuthukisweni kwerokhethi yasemkhathini entsha ezothatha indawo yama-prototypes angaphambilini afana ne-Falcon 9 ne-Dragon.
BFR, irokhethi ezosiyisa ku-Mars
Ukufeza umgomo wokuyisa izisebenzi emhlabeni obomvu kudinga ukweqa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe esintwini. U-Elon Musk uqinisekile ukuthi angakwazi ukufeza lokhu ngephrojekthi yakhe entsha e-Space X: I-Big Fucking Rocket (BFR).
Ngokwamazwi e-CEO, leli kuzoba ithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokuthutha phakathi kwamaplanethi emlandweni. Ingase isetshenziswe kabusha ngokuphelele futhi izoba nezindleko eziphansi zokuqalisa zawo wonke umjaho wasemkhathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli rokhethi lizokwazi ukuthutha amalungu ezisebenzi ezingafika ku-100, ngesikhathi sokuya ku-Mars esingaba yizinyanga eziyisi-6. Le rocket imelela impumelelo kubuchwepheshe bomkhathi.
Ukuze kuzuzwe amandla adingekayo, lo mkhumbi uzofakelwe izinjini eziyi-6 Raptor, nazo eziklanywe i-Space X ukuze zisebenze emkhathini.
Amarokhethi amasha e-Raptor anikwa amandla yi-methane ewuketshezi nomoya-mpilo, esikhundleni se-hydrogen, njengamarokhethi ayesetshenziswa yi-NASA ngaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini, njengezinye izingxenye zomkhumbi, zingasetshenziswa kabusha, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuqalisa.
Uhambo oluya ku-Mars: Isikhathi
Uma izinhlelo zikaMusk zilungile futhi eqeda ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini zakhe ezintsha ngaphambi kuka-2024, amarokhethi amasha angaqeda uhambo lwamakhilomitha angaba yizigidi ezingu-60 phakathi nesikhathi isikhathi sokuhamba ukuya eMars kulinganiselwa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 neziyisi-9.
Kunokwehluka esibalweni sobude besikhathi sohambo ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamaplanethi emigudwini yawo.
Abasebenzi abazovakashela i-Mars
Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2020, i-NASA ikhethe iqembu elikhethiwe labathweswe iziqu e Uhlelo lwe-ARTEMIS, ukulungiselela osomkhathi. Nakuba amalungu eqeqeshelwe uhambo olungase lube khona lokuya enyangeni ngo-2024, athathwa njengalabo abanamandla kakhulu ohambweni oluqhutshwa abantu oluya ku-Mars. Ukuqeqeshwa kosomkhathi kubalulekile empumelelweni yabo.
Ithimba, elakhiwe osomkhathi abasebasha abangu-13, lihlanganisa abashayeli bezindiza bezempi nososayensi abasebenza ngokukhethekile: isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ubunjiniyela bezindiza, onjiniyela bemishini, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba, njll.
Izithiyo ezingaba khona zohambo oluya ku-Mars
- Umonakalo odalwe yiziphepho zemisebe yelanga endleleni
- Dizayina idivayisi ekwazi ukukhiqiza umoya-mpilo owanele ukuze isungule isisekelo endaweni ye-Martian
- Imiphumela emibi engokwengqondo yezisebenzi, ngenxa yohambo lokuvalelwa isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezimbalwa.
- Nqoba imigoqo yezepolitiki nekahulumeni, ebambezela izinhlelo zokuhlola indawo yangasese njenge-Space X
- Ukuqeqeshwa kosomkhathi abanele abavela ezindaweni ezehlukene zesayensi, okudingekayo ukuze kusungulwe isisekelo: izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, izazi zebhayoloji, izazi zefiziksi, osokhemisi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, oomakhenikha, abasebenzi bezokwelapha, njll.
Isiphetho
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, ukucabanga ukuthi isintu sizokwazi ukuhamba futhi mhlawumbe sisungule amakoloni kwamanye amaplanethi kwakubonakala njengendaba ekude, ephuma ku-movie kaJules Verne noma inoveli.
Nokho, uhambo olungenzeka oluya ku-Mars phakathi neminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 elandelayo lungenzeka. Isampula esingenakuphikiswa sesikhathi esimangalisayo sentuthuko okuye kwadingeka ukuba siphile ngayo.
