Ukungena ezweni lamahlaya kungaba yinto exakile njengoba kujabulisa. Abanye abantu basawabukela phansi amahlaya, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi Amanoveli anezithombe namahlaya abantu abadala abelokhu eboniswa amashumi eminyaka ezingancintisana nanoma iyiphi ifilimu noma incwadi. Inkinga, vele, ukuthi kufanele uqale kuphi uma kunezinkulungwane zezihloko, izinhlobo, nezitayela ezahlukene ezincintisana indawo eshalofini lakho lezincwadi.
Uma uzibuza ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi kungani sikhuluma "ngobuciko besishiyagalolunye," ukuthi yimaphi amahlaya okufanele uwanikeze njengezipho, noma ukuthi yini... Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zamahlaya ezibalulekile kubathandi bezincwadi zamahlayaNasi umhlahlandlela ophelele nohlukahlukene, owenzelwe abafundi abanolwazi kanye nalabo abangakaze babuke i-comic esitimeleni. Kusukela kumaqhawe kuya kuma-manga, amahlaya omlando, amanoveli anemifanekiso, ihlaya labesifazane, kanye nokuhlola okusemthethweni, kukhona okuthile kwawo wonke umuntu.
Izincwadi zakudala ezishintshe umlando wamahlaya
Uma kuxoxwa ngokufunda okubalulekile, akunakwenzeka ukungazinaki izihloko ezithile ezichaza kabusha indlela yokuxhumana, kungaba kusukela ezindabeni zamaqhawe kuya ezinganekwaneni ezimnyama noma encwadini yokuphila. Le misebenzi ayizona nje izindaba ezinhle: Baphawula inkathi yokuguquka endleleni izindaba ezazilandiswa ngayo ngemicu yamahlaya..
Abalindi: Ukuhlolwa Kwesidumbu Seqhawe Elinamandla
Ngawo-80, u-Alan Moore noDave Gibbons bathatha izithombe zamahlaya amaqhawe futhi bazibeka ngaphansi kwethonya. ukubhidlizwa kokwakhiwa okunonya ku-WatchmenUmphumela uba umlando ohlukile lapho i-United States yanqoba khona iVietnam ngosizo lwesidalwa esiseduze noNkulunkulu, iwashi losuku lokuphela liyashaya, futhi abaqaphi abagqoke izifihla-buso baphethe ukuhlukumezeka, izinsizi, kanye nokuphikisana okuhlazisa noma yiliphi i-blockbuster. Ungakhohliswa yifilimu noma amasudi e-spandex: la makhasi aqukethe ezombusazwe, ifilosofi, ukucabanga ngamandla, kanye nesakhiwo sendaba esiklanywe ngokucophelela.
Abalindi bayathandeka ngenxa yobuciko babo, kodwa bayathandeka ngokujula kwabo. Iphaneli ngalinye lenziwe ngobuciko, izinto ezenzeka emuva zakha izinganekwane zazo, kanti isiphetho, esixoxwe iminyaka eminingi, sibonisa ubukhulu bobuchule bukaMoore. Wayeluqonda kangcono lolu hlobo lomculo kunanoma ubani, ngakho wayengalubhubhisa. futhi wakhe into entsha emanxiweni ayo.
I-V ye-Vendetta: imaski, isibhamu kanye nezombusazwe
Ngaphambi kokuba imaski kaGuy Fawkes ibe uphawu lomhlaba wonke lokubhikisha, i-V yeVendetta yayivele yethule indaba engakhululekile mayelana nobuFascist, ubuphekula, isiyaluyalu, kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwabezindaba. U-Alan Moore noDavid Lloyd bacabanga nge-United Kingdom ehlushwa yi- umbuso wobushiqela ofana nowango-1984, lapho indoda engaqondakali egqoke izifihla-buso imemezela impi noMbuso ngenkathi ifundisa (noma ifundisa) owesifazane osemusha owesabayo.
Okuthakazelisayo ngama-comics ukuthi awanikezi izimpendulo ezilula: umsebenzi Ugxeka kokubili ubushiqela kanye nezingozi zobudlovaIkhuluma ngamandla emibono nokuthi uphawu lungaphila kanjani isikhathi eside kunomuntu olumelelayo. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, luhlala lungenye yalezo zincwadi zamahlaya ozifundayo uneso elilodwa elibheke amaphaneli kanti elinye libheke ezindabeni.
USandman: amaphupho, izinganekwane, nezincwadi
UNeil Gaiman wenza okuthile noSandman okwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi kube khona ngaphandle kwamahlaya. Eqala ngomlingiswa we-DC ohlu lwe-B, wakha i- izinganekwane zayo eziphathelene nephupho (iMorpheus) Futhi abafowabo nodadewabo, ama-Eternals, bahlanganisa izindaba zezinganekwane, uShakespeare, izinganekwane zakudala, okwesabekayo, idrama eseduze, kanye nama-cameo amaqhawe. Umugqa ngamunye ushintsha ngethoni, uhlobo, kanye nesitayela, kodwa konke kuhambisana kube uhlobo lwe-tapestry enkulu, efana nephupho.
USandman futhi ungumnikazi ojwayelekile walokho okushiwo yi-Vertigo: amahlaya amadala, anesibindi anenkululeko yokudala kubabhali bawo. Ukuyifunda namuhla kuseyinto eyingqayizivele kakhulu. Akuyona into yochungechunge yokuyidla ngesikhathi esisodwa.kodwa ukuze ujabulele izindaba ezimfushane, abalingiswa besibili abangasoze balibaleke, kanye nezindaba ezishintshashintshayo ezihlala nawe iminyaka eminingi.
I-Maus: Inkumbulo, Usizi, kanye nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe
Imbalwa imisebenzi ekhombisile ngempumelelo ukuthi amahlaya angabhekana nezihloko zomlando ezinzima ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla awo njenge-Maus ka-Art Spiegelman. Esebenzisa izilwane ezifanekisa abantu (amagundane amaJuda, amakati amaNazi), umbhali uphinde wakha ulwazi lukayise emakamu okuhlushwa kanye nobuhlobo bakhe obuyinkimbinkimbi naye okwamanje. Umklomelo wePulitzer awuthola ngo-1992 kwakuwukuqashelwa ukuthi Inoveli enemifanekiso ingalingana nanoma iyiphi indatshana noma inoveli mayelana neMpi Yezwe II.
Ngaphandle kwenani layo ledokhumentari, i-Maus iyi- isithombe somuntu esibuhlungu mayelana nomuzwa wecala, inzondo, ukusinda, kanye nokungenzeki "kokuguqula ikhasi." Ithonya layo liyabonakala ezincwadini eziningi zamahlaya eziphathelene nokuphila komuntu kanye nezingezona izinganekwane ezalandela.
Isivumelwano noNkulunkulu: Ukuzalwa Kwanamuhla Kwenoveli Enemifanekiso
UWill Eisner igama okufanele wonke umlandeli alazi, futhi i-A Contract with God yisona sizathu esiyinhloko. Yanyatheliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-70, lo msebenzi uqoqa izitezi ezine ezakhiwe esakhiweni samafulethi saseBronx ngawo-30 futhi, empeleni, Kusungula igama elithi "inoveli yezithombe" njengoba siliqonda namuhla: indaba ende, enendaba eyodwa, yabantu abadala, eshicilelwe ngefomethi yencwadi futhi enezifiso zokubhala.
Amakhasi aveza isimo sezulu, usizi kanye namahlaya amnyama kanye nokubuka okungokoqobo izindawo ezimpofu zaseNew York ngemuva kokuwa kwemakethe yamasheya ngo-29. Kuyisibonelo esiphelele sendlela amahlaya angakhuluma ngayo ngobumpofu, inkolo, ukukhungatheka kanye nenjabulo encane ngaphandle kwesidingo sama-capes noma amandla amakhulu.
Amaqhawe abalulekile ekukholweni (futhi) egqoke ama-capes
Uma ucabanga ukuthi amahlaya amaqhawe ayimpi nje enomsindo, kufanele ubheke ezinye zazo. izinkathi ezinhle kakhulu kanye nochungechunge oluchaze kabusha uhloboLapha uzothola izivivinyo ezisemthethweni, abalingiswa abayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nezigigaba ongazifunda ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-All-Star Superman: Inguqulo ecacile yenganekwane
UGrant Morrison noFrank Quitely babhala uhlobo lwencwadi yothando kumlingiswa noSuperman wezinkanyezi zonke. Ezindabeni eziyishumi nambili ezizimele kodwa ezixhumene, bahlola zonke izici zeKryptonian: usosayensi, intatheli enamahloni, inganekwane, unkulunkulu welanga, uphawu lwethemba. Umbhalo uhlanganisa ngokungenamahloni uhlangothi olukhanyayo nolunemibala kakhulu lomlingiswa, okubonisa ukuthi Ukuba nethemba akusho ukuthi ungumuntu ongenalwazi noma oyisicefe.
Impela, yena, Udweba uSuperman okhululekile futhi ocishe abe nguyise Iveza ukufudumala ekhasini ngalinye. Kunezikhathi zesayensi eqanjiwe, amahlaya, inhlekelele, kanye nezigcawu eziye zaba yizimpawu zesimanje zalolu hlobo. Uma othile ekutshela ukuthi uSuperman ungumuntu oyedwa, lolu chungechunge luyimpikiswano ephelele.
I-Daredevil: Ukuzalwa Kabusha kanye nokuwa okuphelele kweqhawe
UFrank Miller noDavid Mazzucchelli bayisa uMatt Murdock esihogweni ku-Born Again, umugqa ophetha isikhathi eside sikaMiller kumlingisi. UKingpin uthola ubunikazi obuyimfihlo bukaDaredevil futhi unquma ukumbhubhisa kancane kancane: umsebenzi, idumela, ikhaya, ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu. I-comic ikhombisa ngonya olukhulu ukuthi kanjani Iqhawe lingashaya phansi kakhulu bese lizama ukuvuka..
Intshiseko yenkolo, umuzwa wecala wamaKatolika, ubudlova basemadolobheni, kanye nenkohlakalo yezepolitiki kuyahlangana encwadini yamahlaya eqhubeka isetshenziswa njengesibonelo sendlela yokwakha iqhawe "ngokusebenzisa i-crucis" ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-extubing engadingekile. Kwabaningi, umsebenzi kaMiller omuhle kakhulu ulapha, hhayi kuBatman.
I-Batman: I-Dark Knight Iyabuya
Uma sikhuluma ngoMiller, akunakwenzeka ukungakhulumi ngeBatman yakhe edumile. Ku-The Dark Knight Returns, sithola uBruce Wayne osekhulile, osethathe umhlalaphansi, nokhathele ogqoka ijazi futhi njengoba uGotham edilika. Umphumela uba yi-comic umnyama, mubi, futhi unethemba elikhulu ngabezindaba, ezombusazwe, ubudlova, kanye nemingcele yokuqapha.
Ngaphandle komthelela wayo obonakalayo kanye nokuhumusha okuthile okuphikisayo, Lolu chungechunge olufushane luchaze kabusha umlingiswa amashumi eminyaka. Futhi kwavula indlela yombono "wabantu abadala" weqhawe ngawo-'80s no-'90s. Ukube ubuzofunda indaba eyodwa kaBatman emlandweni wakhe wonke, lokhu kuyimpikiswano enkulu kakhulu.
I-X-Men nguChris Claremont
Ukukhuluma nge-X-Men kukhuluma ngoChris Claremont. Umbhali wakha i-"X-Men" iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. I-saga yoMfula exube isayensi eqanjiwe, idrama yentsha, ubandlululo kanye ne-opera ethandwayo yamaqhaweKanye nabaculi abafana noDave Cockrum, uJohn Byrne, uPaul Smith, uJohn Romita Jr., noMarc Silvestri, lesi sikhathi sakhiqiza izindawo ezibalulekile njengeThe Dark Phoenix Saga, Days of Future Past, God Loves, Man Kills, kanye nohambo lukaWolverine oluya eJapan.
Ama-mutant aba isingathekiso sabo bonke abantu abancane abashushiswayoFuthi abafundi babona uthando olungenakwenzeka, ukukhashelwa, ukufa okubuhlungu, kanye nokuvuswa kwabantu okuhlukahlukene. Okuningi kwalokho esikuqonda namuhla ngokuthi "izinganekwane eziguquliwe" kuvela lapha, futhi amafilimu amaningi asebenzisa lezi zindaba ngokungenamahloni.
I-Flash kaGeoff Johns: Isivinini kanye nenhliziyo
Ekugijimeni kwakhe kokuqala ku-Flash, uGeoff Johns wathatha uWally West—i-Flash yesizukulwane sonke—wamguqula waba yi- isikhungo segalari yabalingiswa abasekelayo abangasoze balibaleke kanye nababiUmagazini ngamunye ubonakale uthola ukusetshenziswa okusha kwe-super speed, ngenkathi uhlola ubudlelwano bomndeni, ukuhlukumezeka kwesikhathi esidlule, kanye neqembu lezitha ezihlekisayo nezibuhlungu.
Nabaculi abanjengoScott Kolins noma uHoward Porter, Wafakazela ukuthi amahlaya amaqhawe angenziwa atholakale kalula.Kuyajabulisa futhi kuhambisana neminyaka yokuqhubeka. Ukuphathwa kwe-Zoom njengesitha kanye nezinye izindatshana zokuhamba ngesikhathi kufanekisela izinto eziningi ezazizoba uphawu lokuhweba lwe-DC kamuva.
52: Ukuhlolwa kweviki le-DC
Ngemva kwe-Infinite Crisis enkulu, i-DC yakhipha uchungechunge lwamasonto onke olunezihloko ezingu-52 olwalulandisa indaba. unyaka wonke ngesikhathi sangempela ngaphandle kweTrinity (Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman)Ibhalwe ngezandla eziyisishiyagalombili nguGrant Morrison, uMark Waid, uGeoff Johns noGreg Rucka, futhi yahlanganiswa nguStephen Wacker, uchungechunge lugxile kubalingiswa abasekelayo abasezingeni eliphezulu njengoBooster Gold, uRalph Dibny, uBlack Adam, iThe Question, uRenee Montoya noma uBatwoman owayesanda kufika ngaleso sikhathi.
Umphumela uyi- I-X-ray ethakazelisayo ye-DC Universengezindaba eziyimfihlakalo, ezombusazwe zomhlaba wonke, isayensi eqanjiwe, imfihlakalo, kanye nedrama yomuntu siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonise ukuthi ikhwalithi ingagcinwa encwadini yamahlaya yamasonto onke ngokuhlela okuhle.
I-Astro City: incwadi yothando yohlobo lwefilimu
Uma kukhona uchungechunge olulodwa oluqonda futhi oluthanda iqhawe lakudala kangcono kunanoma ubani omunye, yi-Astro City, ebhalwe nguKurt Busiek, uBrent Anderson, no-Alex Ross. Esikhundleni sokugxila kuphela kumaqhawe amakhulu, lo mdlalo uthatha umbono wezakhamuzi ezivamile, izigebengu ezincane, izintatheli, nokuningi. abalingiswa ababukeka sengathi bavela ku-Marvel kanye ne-DC crossoverukwakha indawo yonke entsha kodwa ejwayelekile.
I-arc ngayinye cishe izimele futhi ivame ukusebenza njenge inhlonipho, ukuphawula, noma ukuguqulwa kwento ethile yamaqhaweIwukufunda okuhle kakhulu kulabo abavela kuMarvel/DC kanye nalabo abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lolu hlobo lukhanga kangaka kubalandeli balo.
Amahlaya aseYurophu naseSpain okufanele uwafunde nakanjani
Ngaphandle kwemakethe yase-US, iYurophu, kanye neSpain ikakhulukazi, kukhiqize ezinye ze- imisebenzi enamandla kakhulu futhi ehlukahlukene yamashumi eminyaka amuva nje, kusukela emasikweni endawo ahlekisayo kuya enkumbulweni yomlando.
I-Asterix ne-Obelix: amahlaya, umlando kanye namagama avamile ajabulisayo
Idolobhana laseGaulish elamelana nabahlaseli bamaRoma libe yingxenye yezimpilo zezizukulwane zonke. Ama-albhamu e-Asterix, adalwe nguRené Goscinny no-Albert Uderzo, awagcini nje ngokuhlekisa ngesidakamizwa somlingo: ahlanganisa ihlaya lomlando, amahlaya olimi, izinganekwane zemibono yesizwe kanye nomuzwa ofiselekayo wesigqi.
Phakathi kwezihloko eziningi eziphawulekayo, kuvame ukukhonjwa ukuthi Impi YamaKhosi, AmaTares, noma i-Obelix and Company njengezibonelo eziphelele zendlela yokusebenzisa amahlaya ukukhuluma ngamandla, amahemuhemu, ubungxowankulu, noma ukuphathwa kabi kwezepolitiki. Futhi konke lokhu kuqhutshwa ngezingulube zasendle, ukushaywa ngezimpama, kanye namadili aphonswayo.
13 Rue del Percebe: isakhiwo esidumile kakhulu kuma-comics aseSpain
UFrancisco Ibáñez akazange nje adale uMortadelo noFilemón; nge-13 Rue del Percebe wasungula kabusha umdwebo wamahlaya ngokwenza isakhiwo sonke sibe ngumlingiswa oyinhloko. Ikhasi ngalinye liyi- ingxenye eqondile yesakhiwo egcwele izinto ezihlala njaloUmlindi womnyango, isigqila esibi, umninisitolo oyisiwula, usosayensi ohlanyayo ophahleni, njll. Ama-gag ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngesivinini somshini futhi ukufunda kungenziwa ngokuvundlile, ngokuma noma ngokugxuma kusuka phansi kuya phansi.
Ithonya layo liyabonakala ochungechungeni olufana no-Aquí no hay quien viva noma u-La que se avecina, ngisho nakumafilimu namahlaya akamuva. Iqoqo eliphelele lakamuva livumela abafundi ukuthi baphinde bavakashele wonke amakhasi ngokulandelana futhi babone ukuthi, naphezu kwamahlaya athile esikhathi, Umoya wobubi nowendabuko usaphila kakhulu..
Imisele yenhlanhla namanye amagugu kaPaco Roca
UPaco Roca uzuze indawo yakhe ngokufanele njengomunye wabantu ababalulekile ezincwadini zamahlaya zaseSpain zanamuhla. Ku-*Los surcos del azar* (The Furrows of Chance), usindisa indaba ecishe ikhohliwe kaLa Nueve, iqembu lamaRiphabhulikhi aseSpain ahola ukukhululwa kweParis kubuNazi. Njengoba uRoca ngokwakhe njengomlingiswa exoxa nesoka elidala, lo msebenzi uhlanganisa inkumbulo, ucwaningo lomlando, kanye nemizwa.
URoca wayesevele ebonise ukuzwela kwakhe ezihlokweni ezifana nethi Wrinkles (mayelana ne-Alzheimer's) noma i-Memoirs of a Man in Pajamas (incwadi ehlekisayo ekhuluma ngokuphila kwakhe), kodwa lapha ufinyelela ku- ukuvuthwa okumangalisayo ekulinganiseni phakathi kokuqina komlando kanye nokusondelana kwabantuKungenye yalezo zincwadi zamahlaya okufanele zifundwe ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu.
I-Paracuellos: ingane eyebiwe ngaphansi kukaFranco
UCarlos Giménez wanikela cishe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ekulandiseni izinkumbulo zakhe ze-Social Welfare Homes eParacuellos, izikhungo zaseFrancoist lapho izingane eziningi zamaRiphabliki nezintandane zempi zahlukunyezwa khona, zalamba, futhi zahlaziswa. Manje, uhlelo oluphelele luhlanganisa wonke ama-albhamu ayisishiyagalolunye ochungechunge, okuvumela abafundi ukuba balandele ukuvela kwezithombe nomlando wombhali.
Izindaba, ezinonya kodwa ezigcwele ubuntu, zibonisa kokubili unya lwansuku zonke kanye nobudlelwano kanye nokudlala kwezingane. Kungenye yezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu amahlaya obufakazi kanye nenkumbulo yomlando ngesiSpanishi, okubalulekile ekuqondeni ingxenye yesikhathi sethu samuva.
UFranco, nguPaul Preston noJosé Pablo García
Emongweni wokubukezwa kabusha okuyingozi, ukuguqulelwa kwencwadi yamahlaya kaJosé Pablo García yendaba kaPaul Preston kaFranco kufeza injongo ecacile: ukubeka amaqiniso kanye nomongo esivivinyweni se-saccharine nostalgiaNgemifanekiso ecacile kanye nombhalo ofingqiwe, impilo yombusi oshisekayo iyabuyekezwa, kusukela ekuqaleni kwakhe kwezempi kuya empini yombango kanye nombuso wobushiqela omude.
Amahlaya uphika izinganekwane mayelana "nezikhathi zokuthula nokuchuma" okucatshangwayo futhi iveza ukonakala kwesakhiwo sombuso. Kuyindawo yokungena efinyelelekayo kulabo abangase bangabi nentshisekelo ngencwadi yokuqala kaPreston, ngaphandle kokulahla ubukhali.
Ibhokisi likaPandora kanye nokushintsha kusuka ngezansi
U-Ángel de la Calle uphetha uhlu lwakhe lwezincwadi olungekho emthethweni mayelana namasiko nezombusazwe zaseSpain zekhulu lama-20 nge-*Pandora's Box*, uhlu lwezincwadi oluqala ngo-*Modotti* kanye *ne-War Paintings*. Kule ncwadi, uhlanganisa indaba eqanjiwe, indatshana, kanye ne-chronicle ukuze alandelele impilo yomdwebi wezithombe ongaphansi komhlaba okhohliwe, kuyilapho Kuphinde kwakhiwe isimo sobushiqela sabesobunxele eminyakeni yokugcina yombuso kaFranco kanye nokuguquka..
Ngokungafani nemibono egxile kuphela kumagama amakhulu ezepolitiki, lapha kugxilwe kakhulu ubushoshovu babantu abavamileema-fanzine, ezindaweni zokuphuza utshwala, emihlanganweni kanye nomuzwa wokuphelelwa yithemba owawuhambisana nabaningi lapho beqonda ukuthi "ukuguqulwa" kushiye izinto eziningi ziboshiwe futhi ziboshiwe kahle.
Amahlaya abesifazane, abonisa impilo yansuku zonke kanye nokuhlekisana komphakathi
Amahlaya anamuhla abhekene nokwanda kwemisebenzi, ngokuhlekisa noma ngokombono oseduze, ebuza izindima zobulili, ukungabi yingozi, umndeni, kanye nothando. Lezi zihloko zilungele ukubona ukuthi kanjani Ikhathuni ingaba yisikhali sezepolitiki, semizwa, nesansuku zonke ngasikhathi sinye..
ULola ongcono kunokuphelezelwa kabi: i-katana yabesifazane
I-Lola Vendetta, eyadalwa nguRaquel Riba Rossy, yazalelwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana futhi ekugcineni yaba yinoveli enemifanekiso. Ku-*Más vale Lola que mal compañía* (Better Lola Than Badly Accompanied), silandela owesifazane osemusha, ngemuva kokushiya ubudlelwano obuqeda amandla, obhekene nokuphila komuntu ongashadile, ukuzithola, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zobandlululo ngokobulili zansuku zonke ezihlome... ukugcona, intukuthelo embi, kanye ne-katana engokomfanekiso.
Isiqubulo sikaLola sicacile: "Umzimba wami. Yindlu yami. Uma ungawuthandi, anginandaba." Incwadi ihlanganisa amahlaya aqondile (mayelana nokuphawula okunjengokuthi "ubukeka umuhle kakhulu uma uthule" noma "uyafana nonke") ukucabanga okujulile ngokuzethemba, isifiso, umuzwa wecala, kanye nokuzinakekelaAbagxeki abafana noLuna Miguel noJavier Cercas bagcizelele ukuthi inkulumo yakhe ikhulula futhi iyadingeka kangakanani.
UDolores noLolo: Amahlaya e-LGBTQIA+ ngaphandle kwemibono engafani
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi uMamen Moreu elandisa emakhasini ka-El Jueves ngezinkinga zikaDolores noLolo, abantu ababili abahlala nabo ngokukhethekile, kanye neqembu labangane abamele i- ukuhlukahluka kobunikazi kanye nokuqondiswa Okungavamile kumahlaya ajwayelekile anezithombe. I-albhamu ethi "Fin de fiesta" iqoqa ingxenye yokugcina yochungechunge futhi yengeza izinto ezingakashicilelwa ngaphambilini ukuze kuqedwe izindaba.
Imichilo ichazwa yi- amahlaya akhuluma ngokukhululekile kodwa anozwelaBagwema amahlaya alula ngezindleko zamaqembu athile futhi esikhundleni salokho bahlekisa ngobuzenzisi, okulindelwe ngothando, kanye nemidlalo ehlekisayo yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Babonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza amahlaya ngezihloko "ezingathi sína" ngenhlonipho.
Uyazi noma ngingakakutsheli, nguCandela Sierra
UCandela Sierra, owine i-National Comic Award ka-2025, wethula umsebenzi wekwaya kanye nengxenye yokuphila lapho izigcawu, izindaba ezincane kanye nezindaba ezimfushane zixhunyaniswa ndawonye, zijikeleza. ubudlelwano bothando enkathini yokuzithanda ngokweqile kanye nokungazithembiNgaphandle kwendaba enkulu ende, le ncwadi incike engxoxweni ebukhali, ukuthula okungajwayelekile, kanye namahlaya angenangqondo ngezinye izikhathi aveza ukungakhululeki kwethu ngokomzwelo.
Ngesitayela esisha, esiseduze nezitayela zaseYurophu ezivivinywa kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kombala okucacile kakhulu, uSierra uyakwazi ukwenza lokhu izinhlamvu ezingaziwa zihlala enkumbulweni ngoba kungaba yinoma ubani kithi.
Owesifazane ophethe umhlane wakhe, nguYamada Murasaki
Le manga yangeminyaka yama-80, engakashicilelwa eSpain kuze kube muva nje, iyisimanga esithule. Ngezahluko ezimfushane ezicishe zibe yindaba eqanjiwe, uYamada Murasaki uveza impilo yowesifazane oshadile eJapane ngaleso sikhathi: Uthwele umthwalo wamadodakazi, imisebenzi yasekhaya, kanye nomshado ongenaluthando kuyilapho umyeni wakhe emphatha njengesisebenzi futhi enezinkinga zobudlelwano ngaphandle kwekhaya.
Umlingiswa oyinhloko uyawathanda amadodakazi akhe kodwa Uzizwa engenalutho, ehlukanisiwe, futhi eboshiwe.Kancane kancane, umqondo wesehlukaniso uvela njengento ekude kodwa edingekayo. Lo msebenzi ukhuluma ngezinto ezingavunyelwe emphakathini wendabuko ngobuqotho obumangazayo ngisho nanamuhla.
Imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuqonda amahlaya ngokwawo
Kukhona amahlaya, ngaphezu kokuxoxa izindaba, Bachaza indlela abezindaba abasebenza ngayo ngaphakathi.Zilungele noma ubani ofuna ukufunda ngamehlo ahlukile noma ngisho nokukhuthazwa ukuba azenzele amakhasi akhe.
Ukuqonda Amahlaya: Ubuciko Obungabonakali, nguScott McCloud
UScott McCloud wanquma ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuchaza ithiyori yamahlaya kwakuwukukwenza… kuma-comics. Ukuqonda Ama-Comics kuyindatshana enezithombe lapho, esebenzisa isithombe sakhe esidwetshiwe, ehlukanisa khona imiqondo efana ne-ellipsis, ukuguquka kusuka kuphaneli kuya kuphaneli, ukucashunwa, isikhathi ekhasini, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kombhalo nesithombe. Konke lokhu ngendlela... ulwazi, ukuzijabulisa futhi kujabulisa ngokumangalisayo.
Ngemva kokuyifunda, Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphinde ubheke le ncwadi yamahlaya efanayo.Uqala ukubona ukukhetha kokubhala, amaqhinga okulandisa, kanye namaqhinga okubonwayo angabonwanga ngaphambilini. Yincwadi ebalulekile kubafundi abanelukuluku kanye nababhali abafisayo.
I-Manga kanye nesayensi eqanjiwe: ikusasa le-dystopian kanye nemizwa
I-Manga kanye nezindaba zesayensi eziqanjiwe zidlula imingcele yale ndlela, zinikeza konke kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kobuchwepheshe kuya ohambweni lwasemkhathini oluseduze. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, zifike eSpain. ukuhlengwa kwezinto zakudala kanye nezimanga zesimanje kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uhlale ukhumbula.
U-Akira: I-Apocalypse Yentsha ku-Neo-Tokyo
Ku-Akira, uKatsuhiro Otomo ucabanga ngo-2019 wangemva kwenyukliya, lapho iNeo-Tokyo iyindawo yezigelekeqe, inkohlakalo yezombusazwe, amahlelo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempi ezinganeni ezinamandla emilingo. Ngaphandle kwezithuthuthu nokuqhuma, lo msebenzi uyisifaniso se- IJapan, engakaqedi ukucubungula iHiroshima neNagasakikanye nentsha evukela uhlelo olubolile.
El umdwebo onemininingwane eminingiUmklamo wedolobha kanye nokuphakama kwesenzo kanye nokwesaba okuhlangene kwenza i-Akira ibe yindawo emnandi yokufunda kanye nethonya kwabanye. amahlaya mayelana namarobhothi.
Ibhokisi Elimnyama, i-Naruto, i-Gintama kanye nabantu abafuna umzimba
Emkhakheni we-manga esanda kushicilelwa eSpain, okuvelele kufaka phakathi ukutholwa kabusha njenge-Black Box, kaTsutomu Takahashi, eyanyatheliswa kuyi-omnibus enemiqulu emibili; izinhlelo ezintsha ze-3-in-1 zezincwadi zakudala ezifana ne-Naruto — i-manga ebalulekile ye-shonen elandela i-ninja esencane, ehlushwayo ephupha ngokuba ngumholi wedolobhana lakubo — noma i-Gintama, ihlaya lesayensi eliqanjiwe elinama-samurai kanye nezidalwa zakwamanye amazwe ebezingasanyatheliswa iminyaka eminingi.
Esinye sezimanga ezikhulunywa kakhulu ngaso kube yi-The Body Snatchers, ebhalwe nguHousui Yamazaki, ehlanganisa i-adventure yobusha kanye nokwesaba okulula kanye nethoni efana namafilimu afana ne-The Goonies, Stand by Me noma, muva nje, i-Stranger Things. Iqembu lezingane, imfihlakalo, kanye nokuthinta okungaphezu kwemvelo ngezilinganiso ezijabulisayo kakhulu.
I-Astra Nova, Izingane Zomlilo kanye nesayensi entsha yesayensi
Ezincwadini zamahlaya zesayensi zaseYurophu zakamuva, i-Astra Nova kaLisa Blumen ivelele, iveza ikusasa eliseduze lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko ekhethelwe khona uhambo lwasemkhathini oluya endaweni eyodwa. Ngaphambi kokuhamba, le nhlangano ifuna umhlangano wokugcina nabangani bayo abasebasha, okuvula kabusha isiko elidala. amanxeba, uthando, kanye nokungabaza okufihliweIndaba imayelana kakhulu nobudlelwano nezinqumo zokuphila kunokuba imayelana namarokhethi, adwetshwe ngokukhanya okukhohlisayo.
Incwadi kaFidel Martínez ethi “Children of Fire” ishintsha ukuqagela ibe yindaba eseduze eMhlabeni. Iqala endaweni yenhlekelele yaseChernobyl, manje eyindawo yabalandela izinto ezijabulisayo, futhi iguquka ibe indaba enesihloko esithi ingxenye eqinile yezemvelo kanye nezinganekwanelapho okumangalisayo kusebenza khona ukukhombisa umkhondo wesintu ongenakulungiseka emhlabeni.
Amahlaya obuntatheli, ezepolitiki kanye nawokudalulwa
Ubuntatheli emigqeni yamahlaya abusaseyona into engavamile futhi sebuyindlela eyaziwayo, enemisebenzi ehlanganisa ucwaningo, ubufakazi kanye nemibono ngaphandle kokulahla ulimi lwamahlaya.
Impi yaseGaza, nguJoe Sacco
UJoe Sacco, isithonjana esiphelele samahlaya obuntatheli ngenxa yezihloko ezifana nePalestine kanye neFootnotes in Gaza, ubuyele empini yama-Israyeli namaPalestina ngochungechunge lweziqephu ezimfushane eziqoqwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi Impi YaseGaza. Lapha ukhetha ithoni ehlekisayo nehlekisayo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yiyo. intukuthelo yezepolitiki noma ukucaca ekusoleni ukuqothulwa kohlanga kanye nobuzenzisi bamandla aseNtshonalanga.
Nakuba kungelona uphenyo lwesikhathi eside njengabanye bakhe, kukhombisa ukuthi iSacco ingahamba kalula ngezindlela eziphuthumayo, okunikeza amakhathuni asebenza cishe njengezithombe ezihleliwe.
Ukwesaba: ubusha kanye no-23-F
Yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-2005 futhi manje ikhishwe kabusha ohlelweni lokugubha iminyaka engama-20, i-Fear, ebhalwe nguDavid Muñoz, u-Antonio Trashorras, noJavier Rodríguez, ibeka indaba yayo ngo-1981. Ngenkathi iSpain ibhekene nesithunzi sokuzama ukuketula umbuso ngoFebhuwari 23, umfana omncane ubhekene ne- isimo sokuhlukunyezwa esikoleni sakhe, indlalifa yesiko lamaFrancoist sisakhona kakhulu.
I-comic idlala nge- ukufana phakathi kokwesaba okuseduze nokwesaba okuhlangene, futhi igcina amandla ayo ngenxa yesikripthi esiqinile kanye nethalente elinemifanekiso likaJavier Rodríguez, owathi, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, wagqama e-DC ngemisebenzi efana neZatanna noma iMartian Manhunter.
I-Meta amahlaya, insimbi kanye ne-cinema ngaphansi kwe-microscope
Amahlaya ayindawo ephelele yokuhleka yonke into: ngathi, izinhlobo esizithandayo, noma izinkomo ezingcwele zamafilimu nomculo. Eminye imisebenzi yakamuva iyizibonelo ezinhle zalokho. umoya wobubi onezwi eliphansi lokugxeka.
Insimbi Emnyama, nguMagius
UMagius, umbhali ongahlukaniseki owawina iNational Comic Award yePrimavera para Madrid, ugxila emvelaphi yakhe ekhangayo kanye nothando lwakhe nge-black metal yaseNorway ku-Black Metal. Le comic ilandisa ngeminyaka yokuqala yohlobo lwefilimu ngawo-90: ukushiswa kwesonto, ukuncintisana okunonya, ukubulala, kanye nokuzikhukhumeza okukhulu. Inhloso enkulu ukuthi Iveza bonke abalingiswa abayinhloko njengezingane ezidla ubhedu., kugcizelela ubuwula kanye nengozi yamaphupho athile adlulele.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumlandeli walowo mculo noma cha, umsebenzi usebenza njenge isithombe sendawo eyayikholelwa ukuthi ingaphezu kokuhle nokubingesitayela esinamandla nesomuntu siqu.
I-Movie Ripper, ka-Juanjo Cuerda
Uma uthanda ama-movie kodwa ungakhathazeki ngokuthi izintandokazi zakho ziyaqoshwa, i-The Movie Ripper iyi-comic efanele wena. UJuanjo Cuerda uhlanganisa ikholomu yakhe evela ku-El Jueves lapha, lapho ehlaziya khona "umsebenzi wobuciko" we-cinema isonto ngalinye ngamahlaya kanye nokuthinta kobubi. I-Braveheart, i-The Big Lebowski, i-The Dark Knight, i-Top Gun… akukho totem ophunyuka engalimalanga esikhaleni sakhe.
Into ehlekisayo ukuthi, ngemuva kwamahlaya, kuvame ukuba nokunye okwengeziwe. imibono ebucayi enesisekelo esihleUkuze kulungiswe konke ukugxekwa, ikhasi ngalinye lifaka izincomo ezihlobene nokuthi ifilimu yonakele, ngakho-ke liphinde libe umhlahlandlela wefilimu ohlukile.
Ukuhlola, amazwi e-indie kanye namasha
Amahlaya anamuhla agcwele ababhali abazama ulimi, ifomethi, kanye nokuzishicilela. Abaningi babo baye bafinyelela kubashicileli abaziwayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umoya wabo wokufuna ukwazi.
Konke Kuyadlula, nguDash Shaw
UDash Shaw, owaziwa nge-Bottomless Belly Button kanye ne-BodyWorld, ubuya ne-Everything Overwhelms, incwadi ende enamakhasi angaba ngu-500 elandela abalingiswa abayishumi nambili abaphila impilo yabo ihlangana phakathi... izinqumo ezinhle noma amaphuthaNgegridi eqondile yamaphaneli amane ekhasini ngalinye, umbhali udala isigqi sokufunda esiguquguqukayo, esigxile ezingxoxweni kanye nezimpawu ezincane.
Amakheli amahlaya ukukhathazeka kwanamuhla kakhulu E-United States: ukungazethembi, ubudlelwano obubuthakathaka, inkinga yencazelo. Kuyincwadi edinga ukufundwa ngenxa yobude bayo, kodwa ecebile kakhulu ngezinto ezihlukile.
Iphunga elibi/Iphunga elibi, nguNadia Hafid
UNadia Hafid usezibonakalise njengomunye wamazwi athakazelisa kakhulu kuma-comics okuhlola aseSpain. Ku-Mal olor/Mala olor (Bad Smell/Bad Smell), ulandisa indaba yowesifazane onsundu osebenza ehhovisi eliklanywe kahle, kodwa kulawulwa ukwehlukanisa izindinganiso zabasebenzi kanye nenkulumo yokuqeqesha enobuthiNgolunye usuku, iphunga elibi lingena kule ndawo futhi liveze ukubola ngaphansi kwe-veneer yenkampani.
Ngemigqa ehlanzekile nemibala esebenza cishe njengemizwa, uHafid uhlola ukuxhashazwa, ubandlululo oluhlelekile kanye nezinkulumo ezichaza ubukhapitali bamuva ngokunemba kokuhlinzwa.
Izinsini ezishisiwe, nguNatalia Velarde
Ifilimu yokuqala kaNatalia Velarde, iBurnt Gums, iwuhambo lokuya esikhathini ezweni elilandela ukuphela kwezwe elinoPiel de Perro nonembeza wakhe, uCielito. Ngomkhuba obuhlungu wokudlula, umlingiswa oyinhloko uyadlula. i-duel ebonakala ezindaweni ezibucayi nezimpawu ezinamandlaUmdwebo, obonisa ukuvezwa kwemizwa futhi ogcwele umbala ogcwele, udweba umsebenzi wombhali wangaphambilini ofana nama-fanzine futhi uqhuma lapha ngendlela enkulu.
Akuyona indlela evamile noma yokufunda ngokulandelana, kodwa yingakho nje... kuvusa futhi kuvusa isifiso sokulandela umsebenzi kaVelarde eduze.
Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka, ngu-Antonio Hitos
U-Antonio Hitos uchithe iminyaka ehlola amathuba asemthethweni amahlaya, kanti i-Tensión de rompe (Tension of Rupture) mhlawumbe ngumsebenzi wakhe obaluleke kakhulu. Ngobuhle bekhathuni obuncane, wethula ukuthungwa okushisiwe, imigqa ephukile, kanye "namaphutha" aqoshwe ngamabomu okukhulunywa ngawo. ukuhlukaniswa emsebenzini kanye nengcindezi efinyelela umkhawuloUmbhalo mncane kakhulu: cishe konke kudluliselwa ngesithombe.
Lo msebenzi wamtholela Umklomelo Wenoveli Yezithombe ze-PANG futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi kusenesizathu esiningi sokuhlola olimini lwamahlaya, ikakhulukazi esicini sokubuka.
I-Andromeda noma i-Long Way Home, nguZé Burnay
Umqondisi wasePutukezi uZé Burnay umangala nge-odyssey emnyama nemhlophe lapho umlingiswa edabula khona indawo engenalutho, mhlawumbe ngemuva kwenhlekelele, efuna into engakaze ishiwo ngokugcwele. Uhambo lungaphandle kakhulu njengolwangaphakathi, lugcwele imifanekiso engokomfanekiso, amaphupho nokuthulaKuyincwadi yamahlaya yabafundi abajabulela ukungachazelwa konke, isiphakamiso kanye nesimo.
Konke kuzolunga, nguPower Paola
UPower Paola, umuntu ohamba phambili kumanoveli ezithombe aseLatin America, ubuya nencwadi ethi Everything's Going to Be Alright, eyakhishwa kabusha eminyakeni eyishumi ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwayo kokuqala. Ngokuvumelana nesitayela sakhe somlando wakhe wemizwa, uhlanganisa iziqephu zokuhamba, ubungani, uthando, nomndeni, ngaphandle kwendaba eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ngokuhambisana kwangaphakathi okuphawulekayo. Okubalulekile yimizwa kanye nophawu abantu abalushiyayo., kunokuba kube amaqiniso athile.
Su umdwebo olula noveza imizwaIsitayela, esicishe sifane nedayari yomuntu siqu edwetshiwe, senza umfundi azizwe sengathi uhlola incwadi yakhe yamanothi kunokuba afunde "umkhiqizo oqediwe".
Izinto ezibalulekile ezingamashumi amahlanu zakamuva: ukubuka konke kokukhishwa
Zimbalwa izincwadi ezishicilelwa emakethe yamanje kunaseminyakeni embalwa edlule, kodwa umuzwa ojwayelekile phakathi kwabagxeki nabathengisi bezincwadi ukuthi ikhwalithi emaphakathi inyukileUbufakazi balokhu uhlu lwezincwadi ezikhishwa kabili ngonyaka ezifana nethi "50 Essential Comics" eziqokomisa ezishicilelwe kahle kakhulu phakathi kukaJanuwari noJuni 2024, kusukela ku-BD yaseYurophu kuya ku-manga.
Emafilimini aseYurophu, amafilimu afana ne-Piezas kaVictor L. Pinel, akhuphukele phezulu ohlwini lwawo wonke unyaka, akhanya; njengoba kunjalo ne-Soy su silencio kaJordi Lafebre, eshintsha ithoni yothando kaCarta Blanca ibe yifilimu ethokozisayo yaseBarcelona; kanye ne-Un oscuro manto kaJaime Martin, isibonelo salokhu. ukuguquguquka kwamahlaya aseYurophuLokhu kuhlanganiswa nokuhlengwa okudingekayo njenge-Those Days That Disappear, kaTimothé Le Boucher, noma iShangri-La, kaBablet.
Emikhiqizweni kazwelonke, okuvelele kuhlanganisa uDum Dum, kaJavier Marquina noJaime Infante, umlando webhokisi uJosé Luis "Dum Dum" Pacheco kanye nesithombe samasiko aseSpain ajwayelekile; ukubuya kuka-El Irra noPerros atados (Tied Dogs), ingxenye yokuqala ye-dystopian diptych enamandla; i-Kneel! kaVictor Puchalski, enamazwi kaBerserk kanye nombukiso wezithombe ononya; kanye ne-Cosmo en el espacio (Cosmo in Space), kaJavi de Castro, ehlola nge-a ukwakheka okuvumela iziqondiso ezimbili zokufunda.
Emakethe yaseMelika, yize kufika izinto ezimbalwa ezintsha eziyisisekelo, Ababhali abanjengo-Ed Brubaker noSean Phillips basathandwa kakhulu (noJacob Phillips) ne-Where I Saw the Corpse; uTom King noGreg Smallwood ne-Human Target; noma uJames Tynion IV noFernando Blanco ne-W0rldTr33. Izihloko ezifana ne-The Fellspyre Chronicles, enohlelo oluklanyelwe abalandeli bokulingisa nabaqanjiwe, kanye nokuqala kwe-Energon Universe kaSkybound ene-Transformers phambili, kuyamangaza.
IMarvel neDC, bona, bayaqhubeka nokubheja ukukhishwa kabusha kwezinto zakudala ezifunwa kakhuluI-West Coast Avengers, i-Justice League International, i-Uncanny X-Force, njll., zisondeza izinkathi zezinganekwane kubafundi abasha.
Isiphetho esithathwe kulezi zikhetho sicacile: mhlawumbe sidinga ukumba ngokujulile, kodwa Noma ubani ofuna incwadi enhle yamahlaya uthola kulula kunangaphambili., ngemisebenzi yazo zonke izithameli, isabelomali kanye nokunambitheka, kusukela kumahlaya amaqhawe kuya kumanoveli ezithombe ezivivinywayo noma i-manga egciniwe.
Lonke lolu hambo—kusukela ku-Watchmen kuya ku-Lola Vendetta, kusukela ku-Paracuellos kuya ku-Akira, kusukela ku-Fables noma ku-Astro City kuya ekuhlolweni okufana ne-Tension of Rupture—lubonisa ukuthi amahlaya ayindlela engapheli: angasetshenziswa ukuphinda abuke umlando, ukuxoxa izindaba eziyimfihlo, ukuhlekisa nge-cinema, ukucabanga ngawo, ukugxeka ubungxowankulu, noma ukusungula imihlaba engenakwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubufunda iminyaka eminingi noma usanda kufika endaweni, lawa Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zamahlaya ezibalulekile kubathandi bezincwadi zamahlaya kuyisimemo sokulahleka phakathi kwamaphaneli. Uzothola ukuthi kuhlale kukhona i-comic ephelele ekulindele; kufanele nje uyinike ithuba.
