La ukufinyeleleka emadolobheni Akukhona nje ukubeka irempu lapha nalaphaya: kumayelana nendlela wonke umuntu ahamba ngayo, athola ngayo indlela yakhe, futhi ajabulele ngayo idolobha, kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma amakhono angokomzimba, okuzwa, noma okuqonda. Uma imigwaqo, izikwele, izakhiwo, kanye nezinsizakalo kungaklanyelwe wonke umuntu, idolobha liba yindawo yokuvimbela yansuku zonke.
Izitebhisi ezingapheli, izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezincane noma ezigcwele imfucumfucu, unqenqema olungenakwenzeka, izitobhi zamabhasi ezingafinyeleleki… lezi yimininingwane abantu abaningi abayinqoba ngaphandle kokucabanga, kodwa kumuntu onayo ukukhubazeka kokuhamba, ukubona, ukuzwa noma ingqondo okuncishisiweKubantu asebekhulile noma imindeni enezinqola zabantwana, lezi zithiyo zimelela isithiyo esikhulu ekuzimeleni kwabo. Ukwenza amadolobha ethu afinyeleleke kalula akuyona into yokunethezeka noma eyengeziwe; kuyindaba yamalungelo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.
Kuyini ukufinyeleleka emadolobheni futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka?
Uma sikhuluma ngokufinyeleleka noma ukuhambahamba kwasemadolobheni okufinyeleleka kalulaSibhekisela entweni engenzeka ngempela yokuthi noma ubani angahambahamba endaweni yakhe yasemadolobheni, afinyelele ezindaweni zomphakathi kanye nezinsizakalo, futhi ahlanganyele empilweni yasemadolobheni ngokuphepha, ngokunethezeka, nangaphandle kokubandlululwa. Akwanele ukukwazi ukufika lapho "noma kungenzeka": ukufinyeleleka kumele kube yinto yonke.
Lo mbono uhilela zombili izinto ezikhuthaza ukuhambahamba (izindawo zokuma eziklanywe kahle, izindlela zokuhamba ezizinzile, izimpawu ezicacile, ezokuthutha zomphakathi ezilungisiwe) kanye izithiyo zokwakha okwenza kube nzima (izinyathelo, izindawo ezingalingani, iminyango emincane, izindlela zabahamba ngezinyawo ezigcwele izithiyo, ukuntuleka kokungafani okubonakalayo, njll.). Ukuhlonza lezi zithiyo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokususa lezi zithiyo.
Esimweni esihle kakhulu, ukwakheka kwedolobha kuzosuselwa kusukela ekuqaleni ku- "Umklamo wabo bonke abantu"Okusho ukuthi, ukuklama izikhala ukuze zisetshenziswe yinani elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka labasebenzisi ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa okulandelayo. Eqinisweni, amanye amadolobha aseYurophu asevele eqashelwe ngokwenza intuthuko enkulu kulokhu, njengeLuxembourg, Helsinki, neBarcelona, ezivelele ngamanethiwekhi azo ezokuthutha zomphakathi afinyeleleka kalula kanye nendlela yazo ephelele yokufinyeleleka emadolobheni.
Ngeshwa, komasipala abaningi, iqiniso lingaphansi kakhulu kwaleli phuzu elihle: izindawo ezinobutha, izintaba ezingenakwenzeka, izimpawu ezingatholakali kalula noma ezingaqondakali kahle, kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi ezingaguquki ziyaqhubeka. Ngakho-ke isidingo sokuhlanganisa imithethonqubo, ukuhlela, izixazululo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nohlelo lweqiniso isiko lokubandakanya ukuguqula amadolobha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Izithiyo ezinkulu zokwakha edolobheni
Izithiyo zokwakha yizo zonke lezo zithiyo zomzimba noma zokuxhumana ezivimbela noma ezivimbela umuntu ekusebenziseni isikhala ngokuzimela. Uma uphuma uye emgwaqweni uzibuka, uthola ukuthi uhlu... isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalokho okwakubonakala iso lenyama.
Lezi zithiyo zithinta iqembu ngalinye ngendlela ehlukile: ukuhambahamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile akufani nokusebenzisa induku emhlophe, i-walker, noma ukuba nokukhubazeka kokuzwa noma ubunzima bokuqonda. Ngakho-ke, ukufinyeleleka emadolobheni kumele kucabangele izimo ezahlukahlukene futhi kungagcini ezihlalweni zabakhubazekile zodwa, okuyiphutha elivamile.
Izithiyo ezakhiweni zomphakathi nezangasese
Izakhiwo, zomphakathi nezangasese zokusetshenziswa ngumphakathi (izitolo, amahhovisi, izikhungo zezempilo, izikhungo zamasiko, njll.), zivame ukufihla izindawo eziningi zokufinyeleleka ezibalulekile ezindaweni zabo ezivamile. Ezinye izibonelo ezivamile yilezi:
- Ama-counter aphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi, emahhovisi noma ezindaweni, okwenza kube nzima ukukhonza abantu abasebenzisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile noma abafushane.
- Iminyango emincane noma esindayo ezingahlangabezani nobubanzi obucacile obuncane, noma iminyango ejikelezayo engenandlela efinyelelekayo.
- Imizila emincane kanye nezindlela zokuhambangokujika okuqinile noma okugcwele ifenisha okuvimbela ukuhamba ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile noma isikuta.
- Izitebhisi noma ama-ramp aphakeme kakhulu njengendlela yokungena kuphela emnyango omkhulu, ngaphandle kwenketho efinyelelekayo.
- Izitezi ezishelelayongamakhaphethi aphakanyisiwe, izintambo ezikhululekile, noma izinguquko ezisheshayo ezingeni ezibeka engcupheni yokuwa.
- Izinkinobho ezicindezelwayo, amaswishi kanye nama-intercom ibekwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingafinyeleleki kubantu abaningi.
Lezi zinkinga azithinti nje kuphela izivakashi, kodwa nalabo abasebenza kulezi zakhiwo. Ukuntuleka kokufinyeleleka kunciphisa imingcele ilungelo lomsebenzi, imfundo noma ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yamasiko nezenhlalo, ngakho-ke iba yimbangela yokukhishwa inyumbazane ngqo.
Izithiyo emigwaqweni, ezindleleni zabahamba ngezinyawo, nasezindaweni zomphakathi
Emkhathini, amaphutha abonakala ngokulinganayo: imigwaqo yasemadolobheni kanye nezindawo zomphakathi Ngokuvamile zakhiwe ngokombono wemoto noma womuntu ongenakho ukukhubazeka, hhayi ngokombono wamaqembu anezidingo ezahlukene.
- Izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezincane kakhulu noma ngezibani zasemgwaqweni, izimpawu, izithuthuthu ezipakiwe kanye nama-terrace angena endleleni yabahamba ngezinyawo.
- Izindlela zokuhamba ezingajwayelekile noma ezingezinhlengamathayili axegayo, izindawo ezingagandayiwe noma izindawo eziphakeme ezenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhambahamba nge-walker, induku noma isihlalo sabakhubazekile.
- Imigwaqo enezintaba ezinde kakhulu okungabizi kakhulu kubantu abaningi abangakwazi ukuhamba kalula.
- Izindawo zokuma "zokuhlobisa" ezingalandeli imithethonqubo: imithambeka eminingi, ukungabikho kwezinsika, ukuntuleka kokuma, njll.
- Izitebhisi ezingenayo enye indlela efinyelelekayoIsibonelo, ekushintsheni kwezinga phakathi kwezikwele, izindlela zokuhamba noma izindawo zokungena ezakhiweni.
- Izitobhi zamabhasi, iziteshi zesitimela noma zesitimela ngaphandle kwemizila efinyelelekayo, ngaphandle kwama-lifti, noma ngemithambeka emikhulu engaxazululiwe.
- Izibani zethrafikhi ezingenasiginali ezwakalayo futhi ngaphandle kolwazi olucacile oluthintayo noma olubonakalayo lokuwela ngokuphepha.
- Ukungabikho kolwazi olubhalwe nge-braille noma ngosizo kumabhodi amakhulu, kumamephu edolobha, ezinkinobho zokucindezela noma emishinini yokuthengisa.
Ngamafuphi, izindawo eziningi zisaklanyelwe labo abakwazi ukuhamba, ukubona, nokuzwa ngaphandle kobunzima, kungashiywa ngaphandle labo abangafanelani naleyo nqubo. Ukushintsha lowo mbono nokubeka phambili indlela yabahamba ngezinyawo efinyelelekayo neqhubekayo Kuyisihluthulelo sokufinyeleleka kwangempela.
Iziqondiso, imithethonqubo kanye nezindlela zokufinyeleleka komasipala
Intuthuko ekufinyelelekeni kwabantu emadolobheni ayisekelwe ezinhlosweni ezinhle kuphela: kukhona uhlaka lokulawula nobuchwepheshe olubeka iziqondiso okufanele zilandelwe. ESpain, okulandelayo kuyagqama: I-oda le-TMA/851/2021, ebeka izidingo eziyisisekelo zokufinyeleleka ezindaweni zomphakathi ezisemadolobheni, kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe efana nethi “Umhlahlandlela Wokufinyeleleka Ezindaweni Zomphakathi Ezisemadolobheni V.1.0”.
Lawa mathuluzi achaza indlela imigwaqo, izikwele, amapaki, kanye nezindawo okufanele zakhiwe ngayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokuphephile yibo bonke izakhamuzi. Akukhona mayelana nokuphoqelela isitayela sedolobha, kodwa mayelana nokuqinisekisa okuthile izimo eziphansi zokusebenzisa nokuphepha ezihlonipha ukuhlukahluka kwabantu.
Imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo kanye nezindawo zokuwela ezifinyeleleka kalula
Omunye wemibono ebaluleke kakhulu yilowo indlela yabahamba ngezinyawo efinyelelekayoIndlela umuntu ayithathayo ukuze ahambe ngezinyawo (noma ngezinsiza zobuchwepheshe) kumele igcine ukuqhubeka kanye nezimo eziphansi.
- Ububanzi bendlela ecacile okungenani 1,80 m ukuvumela abantu ababili ukuba bawele, omunye wabo esesihlalweni sabakhubazekile.
- Izindawo zokuhamba ngezinyawo ezingenazo izithiyoIfenisha, izimpawu, izitshalo noma ama-terrace kumele kube ngaphandle kwendawo yokujikeleza.
- Izindawo zokuma ngezinyawo ezilungisiwe kanye nezindawo zokuwelaenezingqimba ezifanele, ama-curb aphansi kanye ne-tactile pavement lapho kufaneleka khona.
- Izibani zomgwaqo ezinezimpawu ezibonakalayo nezizwakalayofuthi, uma kudingeka, ulwazi oluthintayo ophahleni noma ezinkinobho zokucindezela.
- Ukukhanya okwanele nokulinganayo ukuthuthukisa umbono wendawo nokugwema izindawo ezinethunzi eziyingozi.
Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuhlangana kwemigwaqo noma ezindaweni ezinde kakhulu zokuwela, kunconywa iziqhingi zokuphephela lapho abantu bengama khona ngokuphepha. Konke lokhu kunegalelo ekwenzeni ukuhambahamba edolobheni kungabi yinkathazo. uhlanga lwesithiyo akukho muntu.
Amapaki, izikwele nezindawo eziluhlaza
Izindawo zokuzijabulisa nazo kumele zifinyeleleke kalula. Amapaki, izindawo eziluhlaza, izikwele, kanye nezinye izindawo ezivulekile kumele zibe izindawo ezizinzile neziqhubekayoukugwema isihlabathi esixegayo, amatshe ajulile noma indawo engalingani njengenye indlela yokudlula.
Ifenisha yasemgwaqweni—amabhentshi, imigqomo kadoti, imithombo yokuphuza, izindawo zokudlala, indawo yokupaka amabhayisikili—kufanele ibekwe ngendlela efanele ukuze ingavimbi imizila yabahamba ngezinyawo, ibonakale kalula, futhi inikeze ukusebenziseka kalula kwamaphrofayili ahlukene (amabhentshi anezindawo zokuphumula emuva kanye nezindawo zokuphumula izingalo, isibonelo). Izindawo zokudlala ezibandakanya wonke umuntu, ezinezinto ezifinyeleleka kalula, ziyanda isidingo.
Izakhiwo zomphakathi, izitolo kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka
Amahholo edolobha, izikhungo zezempilo, imitapo yolwazi, izikhungo zezemidlalo kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhungo zomphakathi kumele zihambisane nemigomo ukufinyeleleka okuphelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
- Iminyango efinyelelekayo engenazo izitebhisi, noma enezitebhisi ezifanele.
- Izilifti ezifinyeleleka kalula uma kunezinguquko ezinkulu phansi.
- Izimpawu ezicacile neziqondakalayo, futhi lapho kungenzeka khona, ngezindlela ezahlukene (ezibonakalayo, ezithintayo, ezizwayo).
- Izikhala zangaphakathi ezinemizila ebanzi, engaphazanyiswa kanye nokungafani kwe-chromatic.
Uma kuziwa ezindaweni zokuhweba nezokuzilibazisa (izitolo, izindawo zokudlela, amabhayisikobho, amahholo amakhonsathi), umgomo uwukuthi noma ubani angakwazi finyelela, usakaze futhi usebenzise izinsizakalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo nezinye: iminyango engenazitebhisi, izindlu zangasese ezifinyelelekayo, ulwazi olucacile, izihlalo ezigciniwe ezindaweni zababukeli, njll.
Izindawo zasebhishi, izindawo zokupaka kanye nezindawo zomphakathi
Komasipala abasogwini, ukufinyeleleka kudlulela nakwabanye amabhishi nezindawo zawo zasemadolobheni eziseduzeLokhu kusho ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokuhamba ezifinyeleleka kalula, izindawo zokugeza ezilungisiwe, izindawo ezinomthunzi, izimpawu ezicacile kanye nomgwaqo othintayo lapho kufaneleka khona, ukuze ukufinyelela olwandle kungabi yilungelo labambalwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo wasemadolobheni kumele ucabangele:
- Ifenisha yasemgwaqweni efinyelelekayo: amabhentshi afanele, izisekelo ze-ischial, ama-cubicle endlu yangasese aguquliwe.
- Izindawo zokupaka ezibhukhiwe ngezimpawu ezicacile kanye nendlela efinyeleleka kalula eya endleleni yabahamba ngezinyawo.
- Izindawo ezigciniwe ezindaweni ezinababukeli (izinkundla zemidlalo, amahholo, izinkundla zemidlalo, njll.) ezibonakala kahle nezimo zokuphepha.
- Izindawo zokuhamba ezabiwe phakathi kwabahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto, kuhlukaniswe kahle futhi kubekwe izibonakaliso, kugwenywe ukudideka okuyingozi.
- Izindlela zokuphuma eziphuthumayo ezifinyelelekayo ezindaweni zomphakathi, ezinezimpawu ezibonakalayo nezizwakalayo ezicacile kanye nemizila engenazithiyo.
Konke lokhu kudala umbono wokufinyeleleka njengento eyisisekelo ekuhleleni amadolobha, hhayi njengoba okungeziwe ngomzuzu wokugcina.
Izindlela zokuthinta: "izwi" elithule lomuzi
Kubantu abanenkinga yokubona, indlela evulekile iba uhlelo lolwazi oluyiqiniso. phansi okuthintekayo noma okune-podotactile Lezi yizindawo ezine-relief ethile ezibonakala ngenduku noma ngephansi lonyawo futhi ezidlulisela imiyalezo ebalulekile mayelana nendawo ezungezile.
Lezi zinto zingaxwayisa ngokuwela okuzayo, ushintsho ezingeni, ukufika endaweni yesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba noma isitimela, noma indawo yomzila ophephile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kube usizo, akwanele ukuzibeka nje ngokungahleliwe: ezazo umklamo, indawo, umehluko, kanye nokuqhubeka Kumelwe balandele imithethonqubo kanye nezincomo zobuchwepheshe.
Uma ifakiwe kahle, ukugandaya okuthintekayo kuvumela abantu abaningi abayizimpumputhe noma abangaboni kahle ukuthi bahambe ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuthembela njalo kubasizi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubekwa kabi noma ukuqaliswa okungahlelekile kudala ukudideka futhi kungaze kube ukwandisa ingozi izingozi.
Isihluthulelo ukuqonda lezi zindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo “njengolimi oluthule” lomuzi okumele luqondakale, luqhubeke, futhi lufundeke kalula. Ukuziphazamisa ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuzixuba nezinto zokuhlobisa ezifanayo kakhulu, noma ukuzihlanganisa nefenisha yasemgwaqweni kubhubhisa ukusebenza kwazo futhi kuphazamise ukuphepha kwezindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo.
Amapulatifomu ahlukile kanye nokuphepha kwabantu abakhubazekile emehlweni
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amadolobha amaningi akhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwe- amapulatifomu ahlukileOkusho ukuthi, imigwaqo lapho umehluko wokuphakama phakathi kwendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo kanye nendlela unyamalala khona. Umqondo uwukudala izindawo ezamukelayo nezabelana ngazo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphepha kanye nokufinyeleleka kalula, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanenkinga yokubona.
I-Spanish National Organisation of the Blind (ONCE) ifunde lesi sihloko ngokujulile emsebenzini wayo othi “Izinhlobo Zamapulatifomu Awodwa: Izimo Zokufinyeleleka”, lapho kuhlaziywa khona izingozi ezivela ekuklanyweni okungacacile futhi kuphakanyiswa izixazululo. imibandela ethile ukuze lezi zindawo zihlanganise wonke umuntu ngempela.
Izinhlobo zamapulatifomu ahlukile
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamapulatifomu ahlukile zingahlukaniswa endaweni yasemadolobheni:
- Ipulatifomu yokuhamba okwabelwana ngayo eyodwaAbahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto babelana ngendawo efanayo, kanti abahamba ngezinyawo banikezwa kuqala. Lokhu kuvamile emigwaqweni ethule izimoto.
- Ipulatifomu eyodwa yezokuthutha ezihlukileAzikho imingcele, kodwa izindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo nezimoto zihlukaniswa ngokusebenzisa ukugandaya, ukuqondisa noma izinto zokuklama.
Inkinga ivela uma lokhu kwehluka kungacacile noma kusekelwe kuphela ezibonelweni ezibonakalayo, okwenza kube nzima ngabantu abanenkinga yokubona ukuqonda umehluko. ayikwazi ukubona kalula lapho kuphephile ukuhamba ngezinyawo nalapho izimoto zishayela khona.
Izinkinga zokuphepha kanye nezindlela zokuklama
Ngokusho kwe-ONCE, ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwamapulatifomu owodwa ngaphandle kwezindlela ezicacile zokufinyeleleka kuholela ezimweni zokuthi ukudideka kanye nengoziUkungabikho komngcele ongokoqobo kwenza kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi indawo yabahamba ngezinyawo iphelela kuphi nokuthi umgwaqo uqala kuphi, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasebenzisa induku yokuhamba ukuze baqonde.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, lolu cwaningo luphakamisa uchungechunge lwezindlela ezibalulekile:
- Okubaluleke kakhulu komuntu ohamba ngezinyawo kuyo yonke indawo, kuhlinzekwe ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa ithrafikhi kanye nezimpawu ezanele.
- Izindlela ezihlukene zokuthinta nokubukwayo ezivumela ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile isikhala sabahamba ngezinyawo nesezimoto, ngokwahlukana kokuthungwa kanye, lapho kungenzeka khona, nombala.
- Izindawo zokuphepha eziphakeme kwabahamba ngezinyawo, okungenani ububanzi obungu-1,80 m, obubonakala ngemigqa yendlela ethintayo eqhubekayo.
- Ukususwa kwezithiyo emigqeni yomhlahlandlela kanye nenhlonipho ephelele ngemizila ethintekayo, ngaphandle kokuyihlasela ngamathara, izindawo zokupaka noma ifenisha.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto, amapulatifomu angawodwa angaguqula indawo yasemadolobheni enobungane ngokwemfundiso ibe yindawo edidayo kulabo abathembele kuzo. izinkomba zokuthinta nokuzwa ukuhambahamba.
Izixazululo ze-Stairlift kanye ne-short-rise lift
Kunezimo lapho ukwakha nje irempu efinyelelekayo kungenzeki, kungaba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesikhala, imithambeka eminingi, noma imingcele yezakhiwo (isibonelo, ezakhiweni zomlando). Kulezi zimo, izici zokufinyelela ziba zibalulekile. izixazululo zezitebhisiyakhelwe ukunqoba umehluko ezingeni nokuxhuma amazinga ngokuphephile.
Amapulatifomu ezitebhisi
Izitebhisi ziyizinhlelo zokuphakamisa ezivumela abantu ukuthi banqobe ukukhuphuka kwezitebhisi ezakhiweni noma ezindaweni zomphakathi, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. ipulatifomu egoqekayo noma egoqekayo lapho umuntu ebekwe khona, kungaba esihlalweni sakhe sabakhubazekile noma esihlalweni esihlanganisiwe.
Phakathi kwezici zayo ezijwayelekile kukhona:
- Umthamo wokuthutha izihlalo zabakhubazekile ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
- Ingashintshwa ukuze ihambisane nezitebhisi eziqondile noma ezigobile, ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
- Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo okukhona, okuthatha isikhala esincane uma kugoqwa.
- Ukufakwa ngokuvamile kulula, ngaphandle kokwakhiwa okukhulu noma imigodi ejulile.
- Izinketho eziningi zokupaka nokugoqa ukuze kusulwe indlela.
Ziwusizo kakhulu ekufinyeleleni iminyango yezakhiwo zamafulethi, izakhiwo ezinezitebhisi, izindawo zebhizinisi ezinezinyathelo ezimbalwa, noma izindawo lapho i-lifti evamile ingenakwenzeka. Izinkampani ezikhethekile bezilokhu zifaka lezi zinhlobo zezixazululo kulo lonke elaseSpain iminyaka eminingi, zisiza izinkulungwane zabantu ukuthi zifinyelele ezimweni zokuphila ezingcono. ukuzimela nokuvikeleka emsebenzini wabo wansuku zonke.
Izilifti eziqondile noma ezimfushane
Esinye isixazululo esivame ukusetshenziswa yi- ama-lifti aqondile akhuphuka kancaneNjengoba zenzelwe ukunqoba umehluko wokuphakama okulinganiselwe, ngokuvamile phakathi kwamamitha amathathu namane, lezi zinyusi, ngokungafani nezinyusi zendabuko, zivame ukufakwa cishe phansi, ngaphandle kwesidingo somgodi ojulile.
Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwalokhu okulandelayo:
- Izakhiwo ezikhona ezinendawo encane yelifti egcwele.
- Izindawo zomlando noma iminyuziyamu, lapho kudingwa khona ukungenelela okungangenisi kakhulu.
- Izindawo zezentengiselwano, izindawo zokudlela noma izikhungo ezinoshintsho oluncane ezingeni.
- Isebenzisa kokubili ku- endlini nangaphandlengenxa yamamodeli aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle.
Ikhono labo lokuhlanganisa umklamo wezakhiwo kanye nezidingo zabo eziphansi zobunjiniyela bezakhiwo kubenza babe ingxenye ebalulekile yokufinyeleleka ezakhiweni ezikhona. Ngokuhambisana nama-ramp, ama-lifti kanye nezitebhisi, zivumela ukuxazululwa komehluko omkhulu wezinga owawuyisithiyo esingenakunqotshwa kubantu abaningi.
Ukufinyeleleka kalula, umklamo othembekile kanye namadolobha ahlakaniphile
Ukufinyeleleka akusakwazi ukuqondwa njengesengezo esibekwe ekugcineni kwephrojekthi "ukuze nje uthike ibhokisi." Kuyacaca ngokwengeziwe ukuthi kumelwe kube yingxenye ebalulekile yephrojekthi. I-DNA yomklamo wasemadolobheni nowezakhiwo Kusukela esigabeni sokuhlela: ukucabanga ngokufinyeleleka kusukela emzuzwini wokuqala kuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantu kanye nekhwalithi yomklamo ngokwawo.
Ngokwakha izakhiwo, ubunjiniyela, kanye nokuhlela amadolobha, lokhu kusho ukwenza izinqumo ezicabangela ukuhlukahluka kwabasebenzisi: abantu abakhubazekile ngokubona, ngokuzwa, noma ngokwengqondo, abantu abangakwazi ukuhamba kahle, izingane, asebekhulile, abasebenzisi ngezikhathi ezithile, njll. Ukuklama lolu hlobo akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ikhwalithi, kodwa empeleni kudala izindawo eziqondakala kalula, ezifundekayo nezikhululekile yawo wonke umuntu.
Esimweni se- amadolobha ahlakaniphileUkufinyeleleka kudlulela ngale kwendawo ebonakalayo ukuze kufake nombuso wedijithali. Idolobha elihlakaniphe ngempela lihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe nezinsizakalo ezingashiyi muntu ngemuva: uhulumeni we-e oqondakalayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifinyelelekayo, izimpawu zedijithali ezicacile, kanye nezinhlelo zolwazi zesikhathi sangempela ezisekela amafomethi nezindlela ezahlukene, njenge... i-digital humanism, Njll
Ukuhamba okuhlakaniphile—izimoto ezixhunyiwe, ukuphathwa kwethrafikhi okuthuthukisiwe, ukuthuthwa okufunwayo—kumele kuhambisane nezindlela zokufinyeleleka ezitobhini, ezimotweni, ezixhunyanisweni zomsebenzisi, kanye neziteshi zolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarobhothi asedolobheni Kungaba negalelo ezixazululweni ezibandakanya wonke umuntu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kungaba yingozi yandisa igebe phakathi kwalabo abangasizakala ngabo nalabo abashiywe ngaphandle.
Amandla nawo adlala indima: amaphrojekthi okusebenzisa kahle amandla kanye nokuzisebenzisa ngokwawo awagcini nje ngokunciphisa umthelela emvelweni, kodwa futhi angasiza ekunciphiseni izithiyo zomnotho kanye nokufinyelela ezintweni eziyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi emaqenjini asengozini. Futhi ngaphandle kwamandla angabizi futhi athembekile, kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuzimela (cabanga ngama-lifti, izitebhisi, izinhlelo ze-alamu, njll.).
Amaphrojekthi okufinyeleleka emadolobheni kanye nemikhuba emihle kakhulu
Ngaphandle kwemfundiso, amadolobha amaningi aseSpain akhuthaza amapulani namaphrojekthi aqondile ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka kwezindawo zabo zasemadolobheni. Lo msebenzi uvame ukwenziwa ngokubambisana nezinhlangano ezikhethekile kanye nezinkampani ezizinikele ekubandakanyeni.
Ezinye izibonelo ezimele yilezi:
- Iziqondiso zezivakashi zokufinyeleleka, njengaleyo eyathuthukiswa eFuengirola, ehlanganisa ngokuningiliziwe izinsiza, izinsizakalo kanye nezindawo ezifinyelelekayo, okuvumela izakhamuzi nezivakashi ukuthi bahlele ukuhlala kwabo ngokwezidingo zabo.
- Izinhlelo eziphelele zokufinyeleleka komasipala, njengaleyo yoMkhandlu Wedolobha lase-Alcantarilla, ehlaziya ngokuphelele isimo sokufinyeleleka ezindaweni zomphakathi, ezakhiweni, ezokuthutha kanye nezinsizakalo, futhi ichaze isu lokungenelela lesikhathi esifushane, esiphakathi neside.
La maphrojekthi akhombisa ukuthi ukufinyeleleka akuyona nje inkinga yobuchwepheshe, kodwa kuyindlela ehlanganisa yonke into ethinta ezokuvakasha, ezohwebo, imisebenzi, amasiko kanye nokuhlala ndawonyeNgaphezu kwalokho, baneqhaza lezinkampani nezinhlangano ezingochwepheshe (njenge-ILUNION noma i-ONCE ngokwayo emkhakheni wokukhubazeka kokubona) ezinikela ngolwazi olukhethekile kanye nesipiliyoni kulo mkhakha.
Umphumela awukona nje ukuthobela umthetho, kodwa futhi nokwakha omasipala abanobulungiswa, abanokuncintisana kakhudlwana nabakhangayo, abakwaziyo ukwamukela zonke izinhlobo zabantu nokusebenzisa amandla ezomnotho nezenhlalo abantu abahlukahlukene.
Ukufinyelela amalungelo, usizo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi
Umthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka emadolobheni awugcini emahhovisi kahulumeni kanye nochwepheshe bokuhlela amadolobha kuphela. Abantu abakhubazekile ngokwabo kanye nemindeni yabo badlala indima ebalulekile, kokubili ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwamalungelo abo njengokubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokuxilonga nezokuklama.
Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni kokukhubazeka ngokusebenzisa Isitifiketi SokukhubazekaLokhu kucelwa kubaphathi abafanele emphakathini ngamunye ozimele. Uma ukuhlolwa kudlula umkhawulo othile (isibonelo, ngaphezu kuka-33% noma, ngokwezilinganiso ezithile, amaphuzu athile aphansi), ukufinyelela kunikezwa izinsiza zomphakathi nezomnotho kanye nezinzuzo ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ezinye zezithiyo zemvelo.
Lezi zinsiza zihlanganisa imvume yokupaka yabantu abangakwazi ukuhamba kalulaLokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokupaka ezigciniwe futhi kwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezibalulekile kanye nezinsizakalo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kumane nje kuyisiqalo: okunye kuncike kubaphathi, izinkampani, kanye nochwepheshe uma becabanga ukuthi ukufinyeleleka kuyisici esibalulekile ekuphathweni kwansuku zonke kwedolobha.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi, ukulalela ngenkuthalo izinhlangano nezinhlangano zabantu abakhubazekile, kanye nokuhlola okuqhubekayo kwezinqubomgomo ezisetshenzisiwe kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukufinyelela emadolobheni akuhlali kusephepheni nje. Idolobha elihlanganisa umbono walabo ababhekana nezithiyo eziningi kakhulu Liyidolobha elifundayo, elisungula izinto ezintsha, futhi eliba yindawo yokuhlala engcono kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ukubheka idolobha ngeso lokufinyeleleka kwembula ukuthi izithiyo eziningi ezibonakala “zivamile” namuhla, empeleni, zingagwenywa. Ngemithetho ecacile, umklamo ohloniphekile, ubuchwepheshe obuqondiswe kahle, kanye nokubandakanyeka ngokuhlanganyela kukahulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye nezakhamuzi, imigwaqo, izakhiwo, kanye nezinsizakalo kungaguqulwa kube izindawo lapho Ukuthutha, ukuzijwayeza kanye nokubamba iqhaza akufanele kube yinselele futhi kube lula njengoba bekufanele kube njalo.
