Umkhathi weplanethi manje uqopha ukuba khona okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-carbon dioxide kusukela kwaqala ukulinganisa kwesimanje: isilinganiso sesifinyelele 423,9 ppm, ngokombiko wakamuva we-World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sihambisana nokugxuma okukhulu konyaka nonyaka okuphawulwe kusukela ngo-1957, ukwanda 3,5 ppm phakathi kuka-2023 no-2024.
Kunokuba kube iqiniso eliyingqayizivele, ochwepheshe be-WMO baxwayisa ngokuthi isiyingi sezulu esinonyaSiyaqhubeka nokukhipha i-CO2, osinki bemvelo bamunca kancane, futhi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuya ngokushuba. Lo mbiko ukhishwa sekusele amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwe-COP30 eBelém, eBrazil, umhlangano lapho ohulumeni benxuswa ukuthi bathathe izinyathelo zokuvelela.
Ukugxuma okungakaze kubonwe ezilinganisweni
Idatha kubhulethini ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokunyuka kwe-CO2 linayo iphindwe kathathu kusukela ngawo-1960: ukusuka ku-0,8 ppm ngonyaka bese kuya ku-2,4 ppm ngokwesilinganiso phakathi kuka-2011 no-2020. Kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2024 ukweqa kube kukhulu nakakhulu, 3,5 ppm, okuphezulu kakhulu kusukela kwaqala ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo 1957. Ukuyibeka esimweni, lapho i-WMO ishicilela umbiko wokuqala ngo-2004, isilinganiso sonyaka sasingu-377,1 ppm; namuhla kuseduze 424 ppm futhi ingaphezulu kakhulu komkhawulo wereferensi ongu-350 ppm.
Kulula ukuhlukanisa imiqondo: ukungcola kukhona amagesi akhishwe imisebenzi yethu, kuyilapho ukuhlushwa Yilokho okusala emkhathini ngemva kokumuncwa ulwandle kanye nemvelo yasemhlabeni. Cishe ingxenye ye-CO2 ekhishwa unyaka ngamunye isala emoyeni, futhi enye ithathwa yilawa masinki, isistimu yokugcina engahlali unomphela futhi ukusebenza kwayo kungaphansi kwengcindezi.
"Ukushisa okubanjwe amagesi abamba ukushisa kwandisa izenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu," i-WMO ifingqa kubhulethini. Ngokusho kwePhini likaNobhala-Jikelele walo, Kunjalo Barrett, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa Akuyona nje indaba yesimo sezulu: iwukhiye ekuvikelekeni komnotho kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
Ubukhulu bezinga lamanje abunakwenzeka emlandweni wethu wakamuva. Izilinganiso ze-Paleoclimatic zibonisa ukuthi amanani afanayo e-CO2 akakaze abonakale isikhathi eside. iminyaka eyizigidi ezintathu, lapho iplanethi ishisa kakhulu futhi amazinga olwandle ayephakeme ngamamitha ambalwa kunanamuhla.
Osinki bekhabhoni ababuthakathaka kanye nesici se-El Niño
Izilwandle zimunca i-CO2 njengoba amanzi efudumala, ngoba ukuncibilika kwegesi. Emhlabeni, isomiso kanye nengcindezi yokushisa kunciphisa amandla amahlathi nenhlabathi ukuze athathe ikhabhoni. Ngo-2024, isiqephu esishubile se I-El Niño Yomisa uhlaza futhi yabhebhethekisa imililo emikhulu ezindaweni ezinjenge-Amazon naseningizimu ye-Afrika, okuyizici ezandisa ukwanda kokugxila.
Umphumela uba umphumela wempendulo: kusho ukushisa okwengeziwe ukumuncwa okuphansi yemvelo futhi, ngakho-ke, i-CO2 eyengeziwe eqoqwe emkhathini. I-WMO iveza ukuthi irekhodi liphinde lavela ngo-2024 ekuhlanganisweni kwesisi esiqhubekayo, ukusha kwehlathi kanye nokwehla kwamandla olwandle kanye nokucwila komhlaba ngonyaka okubuye kwaba yiwo. kufudumele okukhona irekhodi lezinsimbi.
Usosayensi Oksana Tarasova, obhekelele umbiko, uxwayisa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle kukasinki kungashiya ingxenye enkulu nakakhulu ye-CO2 emoyeni futhi kusheshise ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwe- ukuqapha okuqhubekayo futhi kuqiniswe yilawa magesi, umsebenzi lapho inethiwekhi ye-WMO Global Atmosphere Watch idlala indima ebalulekile.
Lo mongo uchaza ukuthi kungani, noma ngabe ukukhishwa kwegesi kwehliswe kakhulu kusasa, ingxenye ye- ukufudumeza izoqhubeka izibonakalisa amakhulu eminyaka: I-CO2 ihlala emkhathini isikhathi eside futhi "umsila" wayo wesimo sezulu mude.
I-Methane ne-nitrous oxide: enye ingxenye ye-cocktail
I-CO2 yabelana ngokugqama namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa aphila isikhathi eside. i-methane (CH4) ifinyelele isilinganiso esingu-1.942 ppb ngo-2024, cishe u-166% ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphambi kwezimboni. Cishe u-40% uvela emithonjeni yemvelo (emaxhaphozini) futhi u-60% uvela emisebenzini yabantu njenge ukulima imfuyo, ukutshalwa kwerayisi, ukuxhashazwa kwamafutha ezinsalela, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu noma ukushiswa kwe-biomass.
El i-nitrous oxide (N2O) ifinyelele ku-338,0 ppb, cishe u-25% ngaphezu kwezinga langaphambi kwezimboni. Le gesi isuka kuzo zombili izinqubo zemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo, ukushiswa kwe-biomass, kanye nemisebenzi eyahlukene yezimboni. Nakuba ikhona ngamanani amancane kune-CO2, amandla ayo okufudumala nokukhuphuka kwayo kuqinisa umbono we ukufudumala isikhathi eside.
Amaphuzu avelele Kusuka kumbiko: 423,9 ppm we-CO2 ngo-2024; ukwanda konyaka ngo-3,5 ppm; amazinga okukhula Ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 kuphindwe kathathu kusukela ngawo-1960; i-methane ngo-1.942 ppb kanye ne-N2O ngo-338,0 ppb; kanye a ukusebenza okuphansi kwamasinki abhebhethekiswa yi izimo ezimbi kakhulu kanye no-El Niño.
Konke kukhombisa ukuthi igumbi lokuqondisa liyancipha, kepha alivalwanga: sheshisa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa, qinisa amandla. ukuvikelwa kwe-sinkhole kanye nokugcina ukubhekwa okuqinile komkhathi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile. Njengoba i-COP30 iseduze nje, idatha ishiya isikhala esincane sokungabaza kanye nensada yesenzo esihlanganisiwe.
