Ukuhamba ngaphesheya komkhathi akudingi nje ukuqina ngokomzimba kanye nekhanda elipholile; ubufakazi bamuva bubonisa ukuthi kuthinta nomjikelezo wegazi emnyombweni wawo. Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe, eliholwa yiNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego, liyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphila ku-orbit kungaba ukusheshisa ukuguga kwamaseli we-hematopoietic stem, obhekele ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi kanye nephimbo elihle lamasosha omzimba.
Ukukhombisa lokhu, ososayensi balethe amalabhorethri amancane, azimele ku-International Space Station ekwazi ukugcina nokubheka amangqamuzana omuntu amasonto amaningi, ngokulawula okuzenzakalelayo okusekelwe kubuhlakani bokwenziwa. Kulokhu i-microgravity kanye nemisebe ye-cosmic, eyaziwa kakhulu ukumelana ne-tardigrade, amasampula aziphathe ngendlela ehlukile kozakwabo abasemhlabeni, eveza izimpawu ezicacile zokuguga kwezinto eziphilayo.
Ucwaningo lubonise ini ngempela?
Amaseli adalulwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-32 nezingu-45 ku-ISS alahlekelwa amandla okuzivuselela futhi ayaboniswa ukulimala okwengeziwe kwe-DNA kanye nama-telomere afinyeziwe, izici ezintathu ezihlobene nokuguga okusheshayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela izimpawu zokuvuvukala nokucindezeleka ku-mitochondria, ama-organelle anikeza amangqamuzana amandla.
Kwakungeyona nje indaba yokuguga: amaseli angena ohlotsheni lwe-overdrive, enemijikelezo yokuhlukanisa esheshayo kunokunempilo, eyaqeda imali egciniwe. Lesi simo sokungasebenzi kahle saqondana naso ukulungisa ukwehluleka nokwenza kusebenze izici eziphindaphindayo ze-genome, izifunda ezivamise ukuthulisa okuthi, uma zicushiwe, ziphazamise ukusebenza kwamaselula. Ngokuhambisanayo, kutholwe ukungalingani ezindleleni ze-cytokine nezinhlelo ze-mitochondrial, kanye namasiginali wokuhlela we-RNA axhumene nomndeni we-APOBEC3.
Iqiniso elimangalisa kakhulu kwakuwumthwalo oguquguqukayo: nakuba umthamo orekhodiwe kumishini wawuqhathaniseka nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, amaseli ahambela emkhathini anqwabelana. kufika izikhathi ezinhlanu ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kwalezo ezivezwe kuma-X ray EmhlabeniLokhu kukhomba umphumela ohlangene we-microgravity namandla aphezulu emisebeni ye-cosmic ethuthukisa ukubola kwamangqamuzana.
Konke lokhu kunemiphumela yokusebenza: uma ama-HSPC ephelelwa amandla, ikhono lawo lokusekela i-hematopoiesis kanye namasosha omzimba ayancipha. Ababhali bayakuxwayisa lokho amaphethini ahambisana ne-clonal hematopoiesis, into ethi, Emhlabeni, ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuphazamiseka kwe-hematological; Qaphela, akusho umdlavuza ngokwawo, kodwa kusho ukwanda kwengozi yesikhathi eside.
Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-orbital kwaklanywa kanjani
Ithimba likhiphe inkundla ye-nanobioreactor eyakhiwe yaphinde yasetshenziswa ngokusekelwa yi-Space Tango, eyaqhubekela phambili. imisebenzi emine ye-SpaceX eya ku-ISSLezi zinhlelo zigcine ama-HSPC abantu ezimeni ze-niche zomnkantsha olawulwayo futhi zawaqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kusetshenziswa amathuluzi wokuthwebula nokuhlaziya anamandla e-AI.
Ukulandela izinguquko zamaselula, izintatheli zomjikelezo we-fluorescent cell (ezifana ne-FUCCI2BL) zahlanganiswa, i-genome kanye nokulandelana kwe-transcriptome, namaphaneli e-cytokine. Ndawonye, ​​i-multi-omics kanye ne-functional readouts (HSPC-FOMA) isivumele ukuthi senze imephu ngokunembile ukuthi umjikelezo weseli, i-homeostasis ye-mitochondrial, nezinhlelo zokuvuvukala ziguqulwa kanjani ngaphansi kwe-microgravity.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi sasisebenza izilawuli ezifanayo ezitshalwe emhlabathini kanye nezimo ezijwayelekile. Ngemva kokubuya, ezinye izinguquko zehliswa lapho amaseli ephinde afakwa endaweni encane enempilo, okusikisela ukuthi ezinye izilonda ziyabuyiseleka emuva, nakuba kungezona zonke ezibonakala zinyamalala ngokuphelele.
Umongo nesizinda sokuhumusha imiphumela
Lokhu okutholakele kuhambisana nezandulela ezifana ne-NASA Twins Study, eqhathanise izelamani ezimbili zikasonkanyezi futhi ithole izinguquko kuma-telomere nasekukhulumeni kofuzo ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside ku-orbit. Lolo cwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi izinguquko eziningi ziyahlehliswa lapho zibuya, kodwa futhi ukuthi ezinye ziyaphikelela; umsebenzi omusha ujula ngokugxila emangqamuzaneni egazi futhi uveze izindlela ezinhle zokuguga.
Isikhala sisebenza njenge i-biological time acceleratorIzinqubo ezithatha iminyaka ukuvela Emhlabeni zingabonwa emavikini. Leli windi eliyilungelo alisebenzi nje kuphela ukulungisa kahle izimiso zokuphepha zezindiza ezithatha uhambo olude, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa ibhayoloji yokuguga kanye nezinhlelo ezinkulu ze-omics ezifuna ukwenza imephu, ngokuningiliziwe, umthelela wendawo yendawo empilweni yomuntu.
Imithelela kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo zendiza nemithi
Ngokuhamba okude emkhathizwe, ukusuka kokuhlala okunwetshiwe eNyangeni kuye uhambo oluya ku-Mars, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza izinyathelo ezihlangene zokuphikisa: ukuvikela imisebe okungcono kakhulu, izimiso zomsebenzi nezokuphumula ezifanele umjikelezo weseli, kanye nokungenelela okungenzeka kwezemithi noma kofuzo okulondoloza ukuqina kwe-HSPC.
Ilabhorethri ezungezayo iphinde ivule amathuba eMhlabeni: ukuqonda ukuthi ama-telomere wonakala kanjani, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kunqwabelana, futhi amaseli avuvukale ngesikhathi esifushane ukukhuthaza ukwelashwa ngokumelene nokuguga kwe-pathological kanye nemidlavuza ethile. Iqiniso lokuthi omunye umonakalo ubuyiselwe endaweni encane encane liphakamisa okuhlosiwe ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo seziyaqhubeka: ohambweni olusha lwe-ISS kanye nezifundo nosomkhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe le miphumela kumasampula abantu ku-vivo, kanye nokucwengisiswa amapulatifomu azimele kanye nama-algorithms we-AI okuvumela ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ngokuhambisanayo, kwenziwa umsebenzi kuma-biomarker wokuguga okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kwendawo kanye namasu okunciphisa angadluliselwa esimweni somtholampilo.
Ukuhlola kubeka izindiza zasemkhathini njengendawo esheshisa ukuguga kwe ukugcinwa kwamaselulaI-Microgravity nemisebe isebenza ngokuvumelana ukuze kwehliswe ukuqina kwayo, ngomkhawulo wokululama kancane lapho ibuyela ezimeni ezivumayo. Ukuvikela lokhu kugcinwa kwamaselula kuzoba ukhiye wemishini yesikhathi eside, futhi, ngeshwa, ekuqondeni kangcono ukuguga nezifo emhlabeni wethu.