I-cataract yi-opacity ye-lens leyo kufiphaza amakhonsathi futhi kunciphise ukubona, futhi ukwelashwa kwayo okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa ukufaka esikhundleni saleyo lensi yemvelo ngokufakelwa kwe-intraocular. Kungenzeka futhi ezilwaneni ezifuywayo, njenge ulwelwesi ezinjeniNakuba i-cataract ngokuvamile ivela kuwo womabili amehlo, Ngokwesiko zisetshenziswa ngokwehlukana, okushiya amasonto phakathi kokungenelela okunye nokunye.
Umbuzo omkhulu wukuthi kuphephile yini ukwenza lokho. ukuhlinzwa kuwo womabili amehlo esimisweni esifanayo, indlela eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-immediate sequential bilateral surgery. Amaphepha amabili akamuva, ethulwe ku-European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) Congress eCopenhagen, ahlinzeka ubufakazi obuqinile ukuhlola lokhu okunye.
Kusho ukuthini ukuhlinza amehlo womabili ngosuku olulodwa?
Kunamasu amabili: izinhlangothi ezimbili ezihlehlisiwe ezilandelanayo, lapho Iso ngalinye lihlinzwa ngosuku oluhlukile, kanye nezinhlangothi ezimbili ezilandelanayo ngokushesha, ezibhekana namehlo womabili kuseshini efanayo. Kuzo zombili izimo, inqubo iyinqubo yokulaliswa ngaphandle futhi ihlanganisa i-aspirate lens opaque bese ufaka ilensi ye-intraocular.
Amalensi angaba ama-monofocals (babeka phambili ibanga, ngokuvamile elikude), i-multifocal (bafuna ukuzimela ngaphandle kwezibuko ngokuhlanganisa amabanga ahlukahlukene) noma toric (i-astigmatism efanele). Ukukhetha kuncike ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa kanye nezidingo ezibonakalayo zesiguli.
Ukuzimela ngemva kokuhlinzwa: imiphumela evela eDenmark
Ithimba elivela ezibhedlela i-Silkeborg kanye ne-Aarhus limenyiwe Iziguli eziyi-157 bahlinzwe womabili amehlo ngosuku olulodwa ukuze baphendule uhlu lwemibuzo ngokushesha nje lapho befika ekhaya namahora angu-24 kamuva; waphendula u 72%Idatha ibonisa ukuthi i- 88% Wazihambela yedwa emzini wakhe, 79% Ngangikwazi ukulungisa ukudla kanye 51% akazange afune usizo ngocingo lapho ebuya. Okuhlukile kakhulu kwaba ukuphathwa kwe amaconsi iso, lapho ama-51% adinga ukwesekwa. Ngemuva kwamahora angama-24, Amaphesenti angu-62 ayengamdingi umnakekeli.
Ngokusho kwethimba labahlengikazi, lena iphethini engakhulula ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuncika ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi abanye abantu bayazuza ngokusekelwa ngosuku lokuqala. Kochwepheshe, lokhu okutholakele kusekela ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa kwamazwe amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kugxilwe ku- imfundo yesineke nasekuhleleni usizo lwesikhashana uma ludingeka emahoreni ambalwa okuqala.
I-Visual acuity nokunemba: ubufakazi obuvela e-UK
Esibhedlela iMoorfields Eye Hospital (eLondon) bahlaziywa Amarekhodi ezokwelapha ayi-10.192 weziguli ezihlinzwe ulwelwesi lwamehlo emehlweni womabili phakathi kuka-December 2023 no-December 2024. Iningi lalandela ishejuli ehlehlisiwe, futhi abanye bahlinzwa ngalo lolo suku; amalensi anombono owodwa kanye nama-multifocal kuye ngecala.
Ezigulini ezinamalensi i-multifocal esebenza ngeseshini efanayo, nxazonke Ama-85% azuze u-20/20 noma okungcono. Ngezibuko ama-monofocals, cishe i 70% ifinyelele ku-20/20, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokushesha noma kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezimbili. Kuma-multifocal asebenza ngezinsuku ezihlukene, izinga le-20/20 laliseduze 77%.
Mayelana nokunemba kwe-refractive, eqenjini le-multifocal elinosuku olufanayo nokungenelela, 88% Bekungaphakathi kwama-dioptha angu-±0,5 wethagethi ehlosiwe, uma kuqhathaniswa 67% ekubambezelekeni kwe-monofocal kanye ne 71% ku-monofocal ngokushesha. Uma kucatshangelwa umkhawulo we-±1,0 diopta, i ukunemba kufinyelele ku-100% kuma-multifocal, kungakhathalekile isikhathi. Imiphumela yagcinwa lapho ilungiswa iminyaka, ubulili kanye nolwazi lukadokotela ohlinzayo.
Izinzuzo nemibi ngokobufakazi
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-Ibero-American Cochrane Collaboration okuphawulwe ngo-2022 lokho awukho umehluko obalulekile owabonwa phakathi kokusebenza kuwo womabili amehlo ngosuku olufanayo noma ngezinsuku ezihlukene ngenxa yezinkinga ezinjengokutheleleka nge-intraocular noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona okukhulu kune-diopter eyodwa. Noma kunjalo, wagcizelela isidingo sokucabangela ubuhle nobubi esimweni ngasinye.
Izinzuzo
- Ukuvakasha okumbalwa egunjini lokubonisana nelokuhlinzela, ukonga uhambo nesikhathi.
- Isikhathi esisodwa sokutakula, ukusiza umndeni kanye nenhlangano yomsebenzi.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle okungenzeka zohlelo lwezempilo ngokunciphisa ukuqokwa nokuphindaphinda.
Izingqinamba
- Ingozi yamazwe amabili akuvamile kakhulu, kodwa okuphawulekayo uma inkinga ibonakala kuwo womabili amehlo.
- Ayikuvumeli "ukufunda" ngeso lokuqala ukulungisa kahle ilensi yesibili.
- Ezinye iziguli ingadinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngamaconsi nokunakekelwa kokuqala.
Ukuphepha, ukukhetha kanye nezivumelwano
Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi ukhiye ungaphakathi ukukhethwa kwamakhandidethi: Kunconywa ukugwema ukuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezimweni eziyingozi kakhulu (i-ocular pathologies esebenzayo, i-corneas compromised, izifo) futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isiguli siyaluqonda uhlelo futhi sinolwazi oludingekayo. ukwesekwa ekhaya uma kudingeka.
Amaphrothokholi anconyiwe afaka i-asepsis eqinile futhi ezimele iso ngalinye (izinto ezihlukene, imithi kanye nezinkambu zokuhlinza), kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-intracameral antibiotics ukunciphisa i-endophthalmitis. Kuphinde kugcizelelwe iphethini ecacile yamaconsi kanye nokufundisa umuntu ozobe esiza ngesikhathi somhlangano amahora angama-24 okuqala.
Le ndlela ingakwazi qeda ukuminyana kohlu lokulinda futhi wandise izinsiza, kodwa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphandle kwezinqamuleli: isinqumo ngasinye senziwa umuntu ngamunye, ngemvume enolwazi nokugcinwa amazinga okuphepha okufuneka ngokwengeziwe
Imibuzo ewusizo
- Ingabe kwenziwa nge-anesthesia yendawo? Yebo, ngokuvamile i-topical noma i-peribulbar, futhi inqubo yenziwa ngesisekelo se-outpatient.
- Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama? Ngokuvamile kuyashesha; iningi isaziso ngcono ezinsukwini, ngokusimama okuqhubekayo.
- Ngizophila impilo evamile? Umsebenzi omnene kusukela ekuqaleni; gwema amaqhubu futhi landela amathonsi ngokweziqondiso.
- I-Monofocal noma i-multifocal? Kuncike ekulindelweni nasekuhlolweni kwangaphambilini; multifocals can nciphisa izibuko, hhayi kuzo zonke izimo.
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cataract kuwo womabili amehlo ngosuku olufanayo kubonakala njenge okunye okusebenzayo nokusekelwa kahle ezigulini eziningi, ezinemiphumela ebonakalayo eqhathanisekayo-futhi engcono nakakhulu ezimweni ezithile-nesu elihlehlisiwe. Inikeza izinzuzo ezisobala zokuhlela, kodwa idinga ukuqapha ku ukukhetha kanye nephrothokholi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kudinga ukulungisa isinqumo esivumelana nezimo nokuthandwayo komuntu ngamunye.