Ubuciko bebulokhu bunathi kusukela ezikhathini ezikude kakhulu zesintu futhi bulokhu bufakaza buthule kubo imizwa yethu, imibono, amanani kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ziningi izinhlobo zobuciko njengoba kunezinhlobo zokukhuluma, futhi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kuye kwavela ukubonakaliswa kobuciko okuhlukahlukene: okunye inhloso yobuhle kuphela, eminye enezinjongo ezingokoqobo noma ezingokomfanekiso. Kusukela kwabaziwayo Ubuciko obuhle kumafomu amasha edijithali, ngalinye liletha umbono ohlukile womhlaba.
Ukuhlola izinhlobo zobuciko akubandakanyi ukuzifaka ohlwini kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuqonda umlando wazo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, imisebenzi, nokuthi zixhumana kanjani. Kulesi sihloko sizocwilisa indawo ethokozisayo yezobuciko, ihlanganisa yonke into kusukela kuzifundo zakudala kuya kwezakamuva kakhulu. Lungela uhambo lapho sizobona khona ukuthi ubuciko buxhumana kanjani, buguqule, futhi busihlanganise kanjani.
Buyini ubuciko futhi buhlukaniswa kanjani?
Ubuciko buwukubonakaliswa kobuhlakani bomuntu okuhloswe ngakho ukudlulisa imizwa, imibono noma ulwazi ngemidiya ehlukene, kungaba okubonwayo, kokuzwayo, okuthintayo noma okudijithali. Kuyithuluzi lokuxhumana lomhlaba wonke elikhona kuwo wonke amasiko nezikhathi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zobuciko akukona okwendawo yonke futhi akuvaliwe, njengoba kuncike kakhulu kumongo wamasiko, umlando kanye nobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kunezigaba ezaziwayo ngokwesiko ezisebenzela ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvezwa kwezobuciko. Uma unentshisekelo yokujula ku- isihloko sezinhlobo zobuciko, lapha uzothola ulwazi oluningiliziwe.
I-Fine Arts yendabuko eyisikhombisa
Leli gama Ubuciko obuhle Yasungulwa eYurophu phakathi nekhulu le-18, ukuze kuqokwe lezo zifundo ezinhloso yazo kwakuwukukhiqiza a ubuhle obuhloselwe ukuzindla. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlu lwezifundo eziyisikhombisa ezithathwa njengezibalulekile lwahlanganiswa:
- Ukudweba: Ubuciko bokuthwebula izithombe endaweni enezinhlangothi ezimbili, usebenzisa ama-pigments. Ihlanganisa izitayela ezifana nezingokomfanekiso nezingabonakali, futhi isebenzisa amasu afana nowoyela noma umbala wamanzi.
- Umfanekiso: Iqukethe ukwenza imodeli izinto ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezifana netshe, ukhuni, ithusi noma ubumba ukumela amafomu abantu, isilwane noma abstract.
- Izincwadi: Ukubonakaliswa kobuciko ngegama elibhaliwe noma lomlomo. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezinjengezinkondlo, ukulandisa, ishashalazi kanye nendatshana.
- Umculo: Ubuciko bokuhlela imisindo nokuthulisa ukudala ukuzwana nokuveza imizwa. Kungaba izinsimbi, izwi noma kuhlangene.
- Umdanso: Isimo somzimba esisebenzisa ukunyakaza okunesigqi, ngokuvamile ngokuvumelanisa nomculo, njengendlela yokuxhumana ngobuciko.
- I-Architecture: Inhlanganisela yokusebenza nobuhle, lobu buciko buklama futhi bakhe izindawo okuhlalwa kuzo ezivame ukuthola inani elingokomfanekiso noma lesikhumbuzo.
- I-movie theater: Kubhekwa njenge-Fine Art yesikhombisa, ihlanganisa ukunyakaza kwesithombe, umsindo nokulandisa. Kuwubuciko bokuhlanganisa obungahlanganisa umculo, ukwakheka kwesiteji, ukuthwebula izithombe, izincwadi kanye nokulingisa.
Ubuciko obubonakalayo nobupulasitiki
Ubuciko obubonakalayo Zihlanganisa zonke lezo ziqondiso ezibonwa ngokuyinhloko ngokubona. Cishe zithandwa kakhulu, njengoba zivumela ukubhekwa okuqondile komphumela wobuciko. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuhlanganisa kokubili amasu endabuko kanye nezinkulumo zesimanje.
Okunye ukubonakaliswa okubalulekile ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba yilezi:
- Umdwebo: Indlela yokumelela eyisisekelo ehlanganisa imigqa yokudweba esisekelweni esifana nephepha noma indwangu. Ngokuvamile kuyisisekelo samanye amasu.
- Kurekhodiwe: Kuhlanganisa ukubaza indawo engaphezulu bese kuphinda kukhiqizwe izithombe ephepheni. Kuhlanganisa amasu afana ne-woodcut, i-lithography nokuphrinta isikrini.
- Izithombe: Ubuciko bokuthwebula izithombe ngekhamera. Nakuba ekuqaleni yayinomsebenzi wedokhumentari, namuhla ibhekwa njengefomu elizimele lobuhle.
- Ukudweba nokuqopha: Osekuvele kukhulunywe ngakho njenge-Fine Arts, ayingxenye eyisisekelo yobuciko bokubukwayo bakudala.
- Ubuciko bevidiyo nokusebenza: Amafomu esimanje angabandakanya ukunyakaza, umsindo, nokubamba iqhaza kwababukeli.
Ubuciko bepulasitiki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yilezo lapho umdwebi eguqula izinto ezibonakalayo ukuze azenze zibumbe. Zihlobene eduze nokubonwayo, kodwa lapha kugcizelelwa kokuphathekayo. Izibonelo yilezi:
- I-Ceramics: Umsebenzi wobuciko ngobumba noma udaka ukudala izinto zokuhlobisa noma ezisebenzayo.
- Ukwakhiwa kweKhabhinethi: Ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha nezinto zokhuni ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuhlobisa.
- Igolide: Ukukhohliswa kwezinsimbi eziyigugu ukudala ubucwebe noma izinto ezisebenzayo ezinevelu yobuciko.
Ubuciko obusetshenziswayo: ubuciko obunomsebenzi
Uma sikhuluma ngakho Ubuciko obusetshenzisiwe Sibhekisela kulezo ziqondiso, ngaphezu kobuhle, zibe nokusetshenziswa okungokoqobo. Lezi zinhlobo zobuciko zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni esebenzayo, yokuhlobisa, noma yezimboni, futhi zibalulekile emikhakheni efana nemfashini, ukuklama, nobuchwepheshe.
- Umklami we-graphic: Ihlanganisa ubuciko nokuxhumana okubukwayo ukudlulisa imibono ngezithombe, ukuthayipha, amalogo, njll.
- Idizayini yezimboni: Cabanga ngezinto zansuku zonke, ufuna ukusebenza nobuhle, njengezinto zikagesi noma amathuluzi.
- Idizayini yemfashini: Ubuciko bokudizayina izingubo ezinomqondo wobuhle, ongokomfanekiso noma we-avant-garde.
- Imisebenzi yezandla: Isebenza ngezandla ezinenani eliphezulu lobuhle, njengezindwangu, ubucwebe, noma ifenisha.
Ubuciko Bemidlalo: Ukuvezwa Kokunyakaza
Ubuciko Bokwenza Ihlanganisa leyo mikhakha eyakhiwe esimweni sangempela futhi ihilela ukuhlanganyela okuqondile kweciko phambi kwezilaleli. Ngokuvamile banesikhathi esibekiwe kanye nobukhulu bokusebenzisana, njengoba befaka abalingisi, abadansi, abaculi, abaklami besethi, ochwepheshe, njll.
Phakathi kwezinkulumo zesiteji esikhulu sithola:
- Ithiyetha: Ukumelwa kwendaba ngokulingisa, umbhalo kanye nemvelo. Ihlanganisa izincwadi, umculo kanye nobuciko obubonakalayo.
- Umdanso: Ukunyakaza komzimba okuveza imizwa, imibono noma ukulandisa. Ihlukaniswa ngomdanso we-classical, wesimanje, we-folkloric, phakathi kokunye.
- Umculo obukhoma: Amakhonsathi, ama-recitals nama-opera angena kulesi sigaba uma enziwa phambi kwezithameli.
- Isekisi: Isiyalo esixuba i-acrobatics, juggling, clowning kanye nomlingo. Izibonelo zesimanje zifaka izinkampani ezifana ne-Cirque du Soleil.
- Performance: Imisebenzi yobuciko ebukhoma lapho iciko livame ukuba yisizinda sesenzo. Inecala elingokomfanekiso eliqinile futhi ifuna ukucasula noma ukuvusa umbono kusibukeli.
Ubuciko basemadolobheni: ubuciko endaweni yomphakathi
Omunye wemibukiso edume kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje yi- ubuciko basemadolobheni, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuciko bomgwaqo noma ubuciko basemgwaqweni. Lolu hlobo lobuciko lwenziwa ezindaweni zomphakathi, ngaphandle kokulamula kwesikhungo, futhi ngokuvamile lunezinjongo zenhlalo, zezombusazwe, noma zokubhikisha.
Izinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko zokukhuluma zihlanganisa:
- I-Graffiti: Ukubhala noma ukudweba kwenziwa ngesifutho ezindongeni. Kungabandakanya imishwana, omaka (amasiginesha) noma izithombe ezingabonakali.
- Imizobo yokudweba: Imidwebo enefomethi enkulu ezindongeni zangaphandle. Bavame ukuba nezinga eliphezulu lokuchaza kanye nomyalezo ocacile.
- Izitika noma stickers: Izithombe ezinamathelayo noma imisho ebekwe efenisha yasemgwaqweni.
- Izifanekiso: Indlela esebenzisa i-silhouette eyisikiwe ukuze ifake upende osheshayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
- Ukufakwa komgwaqo: Imisebenzi enezinhlangothi ezintathu ebekwe ezindaweni zomphakathi, ngokuvamile esebenzisanayo noma ephemeral.
Ubuciko besimanje namafomu asafufusa
Ubuciko besimanje Yilona eselithuthukile kusukela ekhulwini lama-20 kuze kube namuhla. Ibonakala ngokuphulwa kwemikhuba yendabuko, ukuhlola izinto ezintsha, nokugxila emcabangweni phezu kwento. Ukunyakaza okufana nalokhu:
- Ubuciko bomqondo: Beka phambili umbono phezu kwento. Umlayezo weciko uba nokubaluleka okukhulu kunendlela esetshenzisiwe.
- I-Abstract Art: Ayimeli izibalo ezibonakalayo. Isekelwe emibalabala, ubujamo kanye nokuqanjwa kwemizwa.
- Ubuciko bedijithali: Idalwe ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezifana namakhompyutha, amaphilisi edijithali noma ama-algorithms. Kufaka phakathi imifanekiso yedijithali, okwangempela okungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kanye nokungokoqobo okubonakalayo.
- Ubuciko obugaywe kabusha: Sebenzisa izinto ezilahliwe ukuqwashisa ngemvelo ngokuziguqula zibe imisebenzi yobuciko.
Okunye okuphawulekayo ukunyakaza okufana I-Futurism, i-Dadaism, i-Surrealism, i-Op Art, i-Abstract Expressionism, i-Constructivism, i-Pop Art nabanye abaningi ababa nethonya elikhulu emlandweni wobuciko besimanje.
Amafomu obuciko emlandweni
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, izimpucuko ezihlukene zenze ezazo izitayela zobuciko, ezinezici ezihlukile kuye ngokubuka kwazo umhlaba, inkolo, ipolitiki, noma ingqikithi yezenhlalo. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
- Ubuciko be-Rock: Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala okuyingcaca kwesintu, okufana nemidwebo emigedeni noma eqoshwe emadwaleni.
- I-Arte egipcio: Okungokomfanekiso, kwezenkolo kanye nokulandelana kwezigaba, okunobukhazikhazi bezithombe eziqoshiwe kanye nezakhiwo eziyisikhumbuzo.
- Ubuciko besiGreki: I-Classic yobuhle obuhle. Wayefuna ukuphelela ngezilinganiso nangokuzwana.
- Ubuciko benkathi ephakathi: Kuhlanganisa ubuciko be-Romanesque, Gothic kanye nobuKristu bokuqala. Ihlobene eduze nezimpawu zenkolo.
- Ubuciko be-Baroque: Ithiyetha kakhulu, iyamangalisa futhi ihlotshiswe. Wasebenzisa izibani ezihlukile ukuze akhe imizwelo.
Kukhona futhi izitayela zangaphambi kweColumbian, Byzantine, Renaissance, Mudejar, Islamic, Oriental (Chinese and Japanese), Aztec, Inca, African, kanye nezinye izitayela eziningi ezicebisa umcabango wobuciko womhlaba wonke.
Ubuciko bokubhala: igama elithi art
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zobuciko eziyinhloko, izincwadi zinesibopho sokusebenza ngolimi njengendlela eveza imizwa. Igama lilapha umzila oyinhloko wokuhambisa imizwelo, xoxa izindaba noma zindla ngobukhona.
Izinhlobo zayo eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Izinkondlo: Inkulumo yobuciko ngokusebenzisa ivesi, imitha kanye nezibalo zemibhalo. Dlulisa imizwa.
- Ukulandisa: Kufaka phakathi izindaba, amanoveli, izinganekwane noma umlando. Igxile endabeni. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana izinhlobo zababalisi bezindaba, kuzoba usizo kuwe.
- Ukuzilolonga: Umbhalo ophikisanayo onemicabango, imibono noma ukuhlaziya.
- Ithiyetha: Imibhalo eyidrama okuhloswe ukuthi yenziwe esiteji.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi kobuciko bokubhala kukhona namasiko adluliselwa ngomlomo anezimfumbe, abahumushi bolimi, amaculo esintu, izinganekwane, izinganekwane eziyingxenye yefa elingaphatheki lamasiko amaningi.
Umhlaba wezobuciko mkhulu njengomcabango womuntu. Kusukela ezinhlotsheni zakudala kuya kubuchwepheshe obusafufusa, uhlobo ngalunye lobuciko luvula iwindi lomzwelo, ukugxekwa komphakathi, noma ubuhle. Ukuhlola lezi zindlela kuwukuqonda kangcono ukuthi sasingobani, singobani, nokuthi siyaphi.