La ukukhishwa komlotha okuqhubekayo okuvela entaba-mlilo iPuraceLo msebenzi, ohambisana nokwanda okuphawulekayo kokuzamazama komhlaba kwangaphakathi nokukhishwa kwegesi, uye waholela iziphathimandla zaseColombia ukuba zenze kusebenze zonke izindlela zokuqapha nokuzilungiselela. Nakuba ukuziphatha kwentaba-mlilo kungabonisi ukuqhuma okuseduze, ibeka indawo esimweni esibucayi esidinga ukunakwa okukhulu.
El I-Colombian Geological Survey (SGC) kanye Neyunithi Kazwelonke Yokulawulwa Kwezinhlekelele (UNGRD) baqinisekise ukuthi Izinga lesexwayiso likuwolintshi.Lokhu kubonisa isigaba sokulungela isiqephu esingase siqhume. Lolu shintsho lubangelwa ukuhluka okucacile kwemingcele yokuqapha, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokuguquguquka koketshezi, ukuzamazama komhlaba, namapayipi omlotha akhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-crater.
Ukukhishwa komlotha nokushintshela kwesexwayiso esiwolintshi ku-Puracé
Ngokwezitatimende zakamuva ze-SGC, Kube khona ukwanda okubonakalayo kokuzamazama komhlaba okuhlobene nokuhamba koketshezi ngaphakathi kwentaba-mliloLokhu kuzamazama komhlaba kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokukhululwa kwamagesi kanye nezinhlayiya ze-particle emkhathini, zakha izinsika zomlotha edlula ngokuphindaphindiwe amamitha angu-1.000 ukuphakama futhi ikakhulukazi ahlakazekile ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga.
I-Popayán Volcanological and Seismological Observatory ikuchaze kabanzi lokho Amakholomu esitimu, igesi, nomlotha kuye kwabonwa ezindaweni eziningana zasemaphandleni kumasipala wasePuracĂ© nasedolobheni laseCoconuco.Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Cristales, i-AnambĂo, i-Alto Michabala ne-ChapĂo, i-ashfall iye yabonakala, ithinta izinga lomoya futhi iphoqelela ukuqiniswa kwezincomo zokuzivikela komuntu siqu namanzi okuphuza.
Okwezinhlangano zobuchwepheshe, Le phethini yokukhishwa komlotha negesi imele ushintsho olukhulu ekuziphatheni kohlelo lwentaba-mlilo., okuyingxenye yochungechunge lwe-Los Coconucos. Ushintsho lwezinga lokuxwayisa ukusuka kokuphuzi ukuya kokuwolintshi lusekelwe ekwenyukeni ngasikhathi sinye kwamandla okuzamazama komhlaba, ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo sentaba-mlilo namandla amakhulu amakholomu aqhumayo, zonke izinkomba zokuntengantenga okungenakuzitshwa.
I-SGC isikugcizelele kaningi ukuthi Isexwayiso esisawolintshi akusho ukuthi ukuqhuma kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha.Kunalokho, amathuba okuthi kwenzeke manje asephezulu kunasemavikini adlule. Ngakho-ke, isimo sokulungela senziwe sasebenza, esihlanganisa kokubili ukusabela kwesikhungo kanye nokulungiswa kwemiphakathi eseduze.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe baye baxwayisa ngalokho Kulindeleke ukuthi umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo uguquguquke.Kungase kube nezinsuku ezinokuzamazama komhlaba okumbalwa noma izimpaphe zomlotha ezincane kunezinye, kodwa lokhu kushintshashintsha akufanele kuhunyushwe njengokubuyela kokuzenzakalelayo kokujwayelekile. Noma ikuphi ukubuyela ezingeni eliphansi lesexwayiso kuzodinga isikhathi eside sokuhlola kanye namathrendi acacile wokuzinza.
Izingozi ezihambisanayo: amagesi, umlotha kanye nomsebenzi ongase ube nokuqhuma
Iziphathimandla zesayensi zigcizelele ukuthi, ngaphansi kwesimo samanje, I-Puracé ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amazinga amaphakathi kuya phezulu okuzamazama komhlaba, ukukhishwa komlotha okuvamile, ukuqhuma okuncane, nokukhishwa kwamatshe endaweni ye-crater.Ukwanda kokuguquguquka kwendawo yentaba-mlilo kanye nokushuba kwesitimu namapayipi egesi nakho kulindeleke, okukhuphula izinga losongo kulabo abasondela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla.
Enye yezingozi ezisheshayo yi Ukuchayeka kumagesi entabamlilo kanye nezinhlayiya zomlothaLokhu kukhishwa kungabangela ukucasuka kwamehlo, isikhumba, kanye nomgudu wokuphefumula. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izikhungo ezilawula ubungozi ziyakugcizelela ukuthi akufanelekile ukusondela emgodini noma ukuhamba ezindaweni ezingazinzile, njengoba ukukhishwa okungazelelwe noma ukwanda komsebenzi kungenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isixwayiso esibonakalayo emphakathini.
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yezempilo, Umlotha wentabamlilo ungathinta izitshalo, amadlelo, ingqalasizinda kanye nemithombo yamanzi.Isincomo siwukumboza amathange amanzi okuphuza, izitsha zokuphuza izilwane kanye nezinhlelo zokuqoqa amanzi emvula ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungcoliswa, kanye nokuvikela izinto ezibucayi kanye nezindawo ezihlanzekile ngokufanelekile lapho kunqwabelana khona izinto ezinhle.
Kulo mongo, i-SGC ikugcizelele lokho Izinto ezikhishwayo zamanje ziyingxenye yenqubo eguquguqukayo ebanzi yohlelo lwentaba-mliloosekuyiminyaka eminingana ikhombisa izinguquko kancane kancane. Ukuqapha okwenziwa iziteshi zokuqapha kuvumela ukuhlonza ukuhluka okuseduze nesikhathi sangempela kanye nokukhishwa kwezixwayiso ezisheshayo kuziphathimandla ezifanele.
Ngokombono womphakathi, okuseqhulwini wukuthi imiphakathi iyaqonda ukuthi isimo singathuthuka ngokusheshaUkuqina okungazelelwe kokukhishwa komlotha noma ukwanda okunamandla kokuzamazama komhlaba kungaphoqa ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo ezengeziwe, okuhlanganisa nemingcele eqinile yokufinyelela futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukukhishwa kokuvimbela emikhakheni ethile.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela kanye nezenzo zeziphathimandla
Ukusabela ekuhlanganiseni kokuzamazama komhlaba nokukhishwa komlotha, izikhungo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo zikhiphe uchungechunge lwezincomo kubahlali kanye nezivakashi endaweni yasePuracé. Umlayezo ucacile: Ukuzivikela kanye nolwazi oluqinisekisiwe luyisihluthulelo sokunciphisa ubungozi esimweni esinjalo esishintshayo.
Phakathi kweziqondiso ezigcizelela kakhulu yilezi Ungasondeli emgodini noma emithambekeni ephakeme yentaba-mliloNgenxa yomthelela ongaba khona wamagesi, izingcezu zamadwala, nokuwa komlotha osindayo, uhambo lokungcebeleka oluya endaweni yentaba-mlilo luyadumazwa kuyilapho izinga lesexwayiso esisawolintshi lisasebenza, kokubili ukuphepha komuntu siqu kanye nokwenza lula umsebenzi wokuqapha kanye namaqembu ezimo eziphuthumayo.
Ukuphila kwansuku zonke, kuyanconywa Gqoka imaski noma isembozo sobuso, vikela amehlo akho ngezibuko ezifanele, futhi umboze isikhumba sakho. Lapho kunomlotha obonakalayo emoyeni, imikhaya kufanele ivikele imithombo yamanzi okuphuza, imithombo, namathange anoseyili noma izembozo, futhi ilalele noma yiziphi iziqondiso eziphathelene namanzi nokugcinwa kokudla uma kwenzeka kudingekile ukuhlala ekhaya isikhathi eside.
Ezingeni lesikhungo, i-UNGRD inxuse omasipala, ohulumeni kanye nezinhlangano zendawo ukuthi sebenzisa futhi uqinise amasu abo okuphendula indawoLokhu kubandakanya ukubuyekeza nokusabalalisa izindlela zokuphuma, izindawo zomhlangano, izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana, nezinhlelo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo. Iphinde ibheke ukuthi kungenzeka yini uku-oda ukukhishwa kokuvimbela ezindaweni ezisengozini kakhulu, njalo ngokubambisana namakomiti okulawula ubungozi.
Izinhlaka zobuchwepheshe zisikhumbuza lokho Ulwazi kuphela okufanele lucatshangelwe ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo yilolo olukhishwe i-SGC, i-UNGRD kanye neziphathimandla ezinekhono.Akufanelekile ukulandela amahemuhemu noma imilayezo engaqinisekisiwe ezungeza ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, njengoba ingakwazi ukukhiqiza i-alamu engadingekile noma, ngokuphambene, iholele ekubukeni phansi ingozi yangempela.
Igadwa kanjani intaba-mlilo yasePurace futhi yini eyaziwayo ngomlando wayo wakamuva?
I-Purace iyacatshangelwa enye yezintaba-mlilo eziqhuma kakhulu eColombia Iyingxenye yochungechunge lwentaba-mlilo i-Los Coconucos endaweni yezintaba Ezimaphakathi. Kuyi-stratovolcano, okuwukuthi, ibhilidi elide, eliyindilinga elakhiwe izingqimba ezilandelanayo zodaka kanye nezinto ze-pyroclastic, ezibonakala ngeziqephu eziqhumayo ezingahlanganisa ukuqhuma nokugeleza kwe-lava ebukekayo.
I-morphology yayo igqamile ikhoni encishisiwe nge ama-craters amabili agxilileNgaphezu komsebenzi oshubile we-fumarolic ngaphakathi kwe-crater eyinhloko kanye nehlangothini layo elisenyakatho, intaba-mlilo ihlezi phezu kwesakhiwo esidala emaphethelweni e-ChagartĂłn caldera, futhi idiphozithi yayo ibuswa yi-pyroclastic kanye nokugeleza kwe-andesitic lava, okujwayelekile kwezintaba-mlilo ze-arc kule ndawo yase-Andean.
Umsebenzi wokuqhuma obaluleke kakhulu orekhodwe ezikhathini zakamuva usukela emuva Ngo-March 1977, lapho kuqhuma ukuqhuma okwakubhekwa njengokukhulu ngokwevolumu ekhishwayo nokufinyelelwa kuyoKusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Puracé igcine iziqephu ezincane, ngokunyuka kokuzamazama komhlaba, ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukuguqulwa komhlabathi kanye nokuqhuma okuncane okudinga ukuqapha okuseduze kokuvela kwayo.
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwaqiniswa kusukela maphakathi nawo-80 kuya phambili futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2007, lapho Inethiwekhi yezinsimbi yasungulwa enenqwaba yeziteshi nezinzwa okunikezelwe ekurekhodeni ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuhlukahluka kokuguqulwa, izinguquko ekubunjweni nasekugelezeni kwegesi, izinga lokushisa, kanye neminye imingcele ye-geophysical kanye ne-geochemical. Njengamanje, i-SGC inenani elikhulu lezindawo zokulinganisa ezisatshalaliswa endaweni ezungezile yentaba-mlilo, okuvumela ukuqapha okuqhubekayo.
Ngenxa yale ngqalasizinda, Iziphathimandla zingathola ukuhluka okucashile ekuziphatheni kwangaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo ngesaziso esikhulu kusengaphambili kunamashumi eminyaka adlule. Leli khono libalulekile ekukhipheni amanqampunqampu, ukulungisa amazinga ezingozi, kanye nokuxhumana nezinhlangano zokuvikela umphakathi izinyathelo ezithathwa njengezidingekayo ukuze kuvikelwe abantu.
Umthelela emiphakathini eseduze kanye nezifundo zokulawula ubungozi
Indawo yethonya lePuracé inweba kakhulu imiphakathi yendabuko kanye nabalimi bomnyango waseCaucaEminingi yale miphakathi inokuxhumana okuseduze komlando namasiko nesifunda sentaba-mlilo. Amadolobhana namadolobhana amancane asemaphandleni atholakala emithambekeni nasezigodini eziseduze ajwayele ukuhlala nama-fumaroles, iziphethu ezishisayo, nezinye izimpawu ze-geothermal, kodwa izinga lamanje lokuxwayisa eliwolintshi likhulisa ukukhathazeka futhi lidinga ukuqinisa izibopho phakathi kwezikhungo nabantu bendawo.
Emavikini adlule, Umlotha obikwa ezindaweni ezitshiyeneyo zemaphandleni usuphazamise imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana lezokulima, ukudlisa izifuyo kanye lokuhamba.Eminye imikhaya kuye kwadingeka ivumelanise nesimiso sayo, ivikele izitshalo zayo kangcono, futhi izinike isikhathi esengeziwe sokuhlanza uphahla namathange amanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubanjwa amaseshini olwazi mayelana nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo nezindlela zokuphuma.
Icala le-Prace liyasebenza futhi ukuzindla ngokuphathwa kwengozi yentaba-mlilo kwezinye izindawo zesifunda sase-Andean kanye nomhlaba wonkeIzinhlelo zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi eziqinile, amanethiwekhi okuqapha anakekelwa kahle, nokuxhumana okucacile phakathi kososayensi, iziphathimandla, nezakhamuzi kuyizici ezibalulekile zokunciphisa umthelela wokuqhuma okungase kube khona.
Esimweni saseYurophu, lapho Izintaba-mlilo ezinjenge-Etna, iVesuvius, noma izintaba-mlilo zase-Icelandic zinezinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukile.Okwenzeka e-Colombian kugcizelela umqondo wokuthi ukulungela umphakathi kanye nemfundo mayelana nezingozi ze-geological kubaluleke njengobuchwepheshe bokuqapha. Ukwabelana ngezindlela, izivumelwano, nemikhuba ehamba phambili phakathi kwamazwe anomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusabela komhlaba wonke kumicimbi enjalo.
Ngenkathi isexwayiso esisawolintshi sisekhona, Iziphathimandla zaseColombia ziyaqhubeka nokuqapha njalo noma yiziphi izinguquko ekukhishweni komlotha, ukuzamazama komhlaba, nokuwohloka kwePuracé.Ukubuyekezwa kwedatha ngakunye kuba olunye ucezu ekuqondeni ukuvela kwesistimu nokulungisa izenzo phansi.
Isimo sentaba-mlilo iPuracé sibonisa ukuthi kanjani ukwanda kokukhishwa komlotha, kuhlanganiswe nokuzamazama komhlaba okuhambisana nokunyakaza koketshezi kanye nokungaqini kahle kwesistimu yentaba-mliloLokhu kwanele ukwenza kusebenze inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqapha kwesayensi, ukuphathwa kwezinhlekelele, kanye nenhlangano yomphakathi. Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kuzoba nokuqhuma noma cha esikhathini esifushane, impendulo ehlanganisiwe phakathi kwezikhungo kanye nenani labantu, kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwezinsimbi, kubonisa ukuthi iyithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lokubhekana nesimo esishintshayo ngaphandle kokuwela ku-alamu engafanele noma ukuzethemba ngokweqile.
