Umqondo we ukuphila ungcwatshwe, ukubhajwa ngaphansi komhlaba, noma ukubhekwa njengofile usaphila Idlula emlandweni wethu njengentambo emnyama ehlanganisa inkolo, isayensi, izinkolelo-ze, kanye nesithakazelo esibi kakhulu. abangcwele bacishe bagcotshwe abavuka ngaphakathi ebhokisini, ngisho nabadlali abadlulayo amakhulu ezinsuku ahlukaniswe emihumeniUkwesaba ukungcwatshwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa okujulile komhlaba kusaphila, yize sikholelwa ukuthi kuyinto yesikhathi esidlule.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umcabango odumile ubulokhu wakha izinganekwane zasemadolobheni, izindaba ezesabekayo nama-pasta asabekayo abasebenzisa kahle lokho kwesaba: imigudu eqalekisiwe, imimoya evela emigwaqweni emikhulu, ososayensi abahlanyayo abancisha izisulu zabo ubuthongo, noma izithombe ezibukekayo ezicashe enkungwini. Kukho konke lokhu kunezelwa amacala angempela okusinda ngokweqile Emahlathini, ezintabeni, nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, lapho umngcele phakathi kokuphila nokufa uba mncane kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa yonke le micimbi ukuze sibonise izinga umqondo wokubambeka, wedwa, futhi ongenandlela yokuphuma osithakazelisa ngalo—futhi osisabisayo.
Wangcwatshwa ephila: i-catalepsy, abangcwele abakhungathekile kanye nokwesaba okubi kakhulu emhlabeni
Kudala ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngemithi yesimanje, kwase kukhona ukwesaba ukufa okusobala kanye nokungcwatshwa ngesikhathi usesimweni sokugula ngengqondoEsinye sezibonelo eziphawuleka kakhulu yileso sendela lika-Augustine UThomas à KempisWayedumile ngomsebenzi wakhe ongokomoya othi 'The Imitation of Christ,' incwadi eyayiphakathi kwezincwadi ezifundwa kakhulu ebuKristwini ngemva kweBhayibheli amakhulu eminyaka. Okungekho muntu okhuluma ngakho yilokho okwenzeka ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1491.
Ebhekwa njengongcwele cishe ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphila, uMbhishobhi waseCologne UMaximiliano Hendriken Wakhuthaza ukugcotshwa kwakhe. Kodwa lapho beya ukuyokhipha isidumbu ukuze basisuse esigodlweni sase-Agnettenberg basiyise esontweni likaSt. Michael eZwolle, bahlangana nesimo esibi kakhulu: Ibhokisi laligcwele imihuzuko ngaphakathi.Konke kwakukhombisa ukuthi uKempis wayengcwatshwe esimweni esibucayi; wavuka esengcwatshwe futhi eklwebha izinkuni ngaphandle kokuthi othile amuzwe.
Lokho kwamisa inqubo yokubusiswa. "ummeli kadeveli" Umuntu owayephethe ukuthola amaphutha ezinqubweni zokugcotshwa kwabangcwele wathi kwakungenakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi uKempis wayecabangani noma ethini phakathi nalezo zikhathi ezibuhlungu ebhokisini; mhlawumbe, ekuphelelweni kwakhe yithemba, uqalekisiwe noma walahlwa ukholo lwakheLe ndaba ilandiswa yintatheli uJosé de Cora encwadini yakhe ethi 'They have buried me aslive', lapho ebukeza khona amacala amaningi omlando we-catalepsy.
UDe Cora uthi ukungcwatshwa uphila kuyinto "Ukufa okubi kakhulu emhlabeni, ukwesaba okubi kakhulu"Ngemva kokucwaninga izincwadi, izingobo zomlando, kanye namaphephandaba avela ezikhathini ezahlukene, uphetha ngokuthi inkinga ayikapheli ngokuphelele: ayenzeki kangako namuhla ngoba abantu abaningi bafa ezibhedlela, lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, kodwa Iziqephu zokufa okusobala zisalotshiwe..
Phakathi kobufakazi banamuhla kukhona obukaMarina LF, ohlala eLugo kanye nomsizi wabahlengikazi esibhedlela esidala saseXeral. Ngo-1964, ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okulula kwe-tonsill ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, wayebuyela ekamelweni lakhe lapho elahlekelwa ingqondo. Odokotela baphuthuma ukuyomsiza, kodwa Abatholanga zimpawu zokuphila futhi bathi ufile. Ngesikhathi umndeni wakhe uqala ukumlilela, uzakwabo, esebenzisa ngokwemvelo, wamjova I-Nikethamideisikhuthazi sokuphefumula. Kancane kancane, uMarina wavuka ezwa ukukhalela umuntu “oshonile,” engazi ukuthi bakhuluma ngaye. Njengoba uDe Cora echaza, empeleni “akazange abuye aphile”: wayengakaze afe, kodwa kuphela isimo se-cataleptic.
Akubona bonke abantu abanenhlanhla kangaka. Le ncwadi ihlanganisa nendaba yalesi sithunywa sezombusazwe saseSpain. UManuel García Miranda noRivasWayengumzukulu wesombusazwe kanye nesazi sezemfundo uNatalio Rivas. Wangeniswa e-HM Madrid University Hospital ngo-2004. Umkakhe washayela umngane wakhe ucingo emtshela ukuthi usanda kushona. Kodwa lapho umngane efika esibhedlela, wamthola lapho. ngihleli embhedeniUGarcía Miranda wabatshela: “Ngifile, yebo, kodwa banginike isonto lokulungisa izinto ezithileEzinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva washona, eshiya incwadi echaza okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe endaweni "yokukhanya, ukuthula, nothando," uhambo "lapho abantu abambalwa bebuya khona," okuhlangenwe nakho okuseduze... uvuko olungokomfanekiso.
Umlando ubuye ube neziqephu ezidumile zokufa okusobala, njengalokho Teresa oNgcwele kaJesulowo uDe Cora ngokwakhe amchaza ngokuthi “i-cataleptic edumile.” Ngo-1539, ngesikhathi eseMonastery of the Incarnation, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ufile futhi igumbi lakhe lavulwa, elinde ukungcwatshwa. Ngemva kwezinsuku eziningana, uyise wamgona ekhala… noTeresa Wabuyela ezingqondweni zakheKamuva wayelandisa ukuthi wavuka ekhathele, ulimi lwakhe ludabukile lwaba yizicucu ngenxa yokuluma kakhulu, umphimbo wakhe uvaliwe ngoba akwenzekanga lutho izinsuku eziningi, kanye nobuthakathaka obukhulu.
Ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha, kwakusetshenziswa amaqhinga ayisisekelo ngaleso sikhathi: sondeza ilangabi eduze kwempumulo ukubona ukuthi ngabe iyanyakaza yini ngokuphefumula, noma ukubeka isibuko noma ishidi lensimbi phezu kwezindebe ngethemba lokuthi izogcwala inkungu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezokwelapha zazama izindlela ezinembile kakhulu. Udokotela waseSpain U-Antonio Lecha-Marzo Waphakamisa ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ku-"ophthalmoreaction": ukubeka iphepha eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esweni lesidumbu esicatshangelwayo phakathi kwesigamu sehora namahora ayishumi nanhlanu ngemva kokufa okucatshangelwayo. Uma umuntu esaphila, ubumuncu bezinyembezi buzobonakala. Yayidaya ngombala obomvu futhi kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ukufa kwakungokoqobo. Lolu hlelo lwasetshenziswa ngisho nangesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
Ngaphandle kwamacala angempela, ukwesaba i-catalepsy kuphefumulele imisebenzi eminingi eqanjiwe. Inguqulo yokuqala yendaba ka "U-sleeping Beauty" Ngokusho kukaDe Cora, kungaba kubi kakhulu kunefilimu yeDisney futhi kuzobe kusekelwe ekufeni okusobala. Umbhali ukhumbula nomthelela ifilimu kaRoger Corman ethi 'Obsession', okuhunyushwe endabeni [egama lombhali], eyaba nawo kuye esemusha. Edgar Allan Poe mayelana nomuntu onesifo sokuwa ongcwatshwe ephila, okwamenza walala ubusuku bonke.
Kwabanye abantu abagula ngengqondo, lapho bevuka akukho nkumbulo esele; kodwa kwabanye, Bayakuzwa futhi bayabona konke Ngesikhathi labo ababazungezile belungiselela ukungcwatshwa kwabo, abakwazi ukunyakaza ngisho nomsipha owodwa. Abanye bahlushwa yisigameko esisodwa empilweni yabo, abanye baningi, kanti abanye bachitha isikhathi eside ohlotsheni oluthile lokungcwatshwa. ubude obuphakathicishe sengathi “zilala ebusika.” UDe Cora uze acabange ukuthi kungaba yinsalela yasendulo kakhulu Izindlela zokuzivikela zabantu ekubandeni okukhulu.
Ngaphakathi kwaleli zwe kuvela futhi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-catalepsy yokuzithandelaLo mkhuba, owasetshenziswa ama-yogi nama-fakir athile eNdiya, wawuhilela ukubangela isimo sokufa okusobala nokuhlala ungcwatshwe ngaphansi komhlaba amasonto amaningi nazo zonke izimbobo zomzimba zivaliwe. Kubikwa ukuthi amasosha aseBrithani ayebheja ngokuthi angahlala isikhathi esingakanani, futhi isiko lithi abantu bendawo babehlala bewina. Lesi kungaba esinye sezimo ezimbalwa lapho umuntu empeleni enza sengathi ufile. bangcwaba ngamabomu bephila, ngenqubo elungiselelwe ngokucophelela “yokuvuka” kwabafileyo.
Ukuhlolwa okukhulu ngaphansi komhlaba: ukuhlala emihumeni izinyanga
Ngale kwe-catalepsy, isifiso sokwenza ukuhlola imikhawulo engokomzimba nengokwengqondo yabantu Lokhu kuholele abanye ekubeni bazihlalele ngokuzithandela ngaphansi komhlaba isikhathi eside. Isibonelo samuva nje yileso somdlali ovelele. UBeatriz Flamini, owachitha izinsuku ezingu-500 eyedwa emhumeni eMotril enenhloso ekabili: ukuphula irekhodi lomhlaba nokuba yisihloko se- ukuhlolwa kwesayensi ngokuphila komhlaba kanye nokuzihlukanisa okukhulu.
Ngemuva kwale phrojekthi kwakukhona inhlangano yezazi ze-speleology kanye nethimba elivela UMnyango Wezengqondo, iNyuvesi yaseGranadaowafaka uFlamini izivivinyo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze aqaphe isimo sakhe sengqondo kude. UBeatriz ngokwakhe, owayehlala evenini ngaphambili futhi ezilungiselele kahle, uxhase ingxenye enkulu yesipiliyoniKusukela esenzweni sakhe kuzovela ucwaningo oluhlose ukulinganisa umthelela ongokomzimba nongokwengqondo wokuhlala ngaphansi komhlaba isikhathi eside kangaka, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwemvelo noma ukubhekisela ekuhambeni kwesikhathi.
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uLara Ferreiro uxwayisa ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo zezinselele aziyona into yokudlala. Uchaza ukuthi ucwaningo lwangaphambilini kokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo lubonisa ukuthi, ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo ezinzima, Iphesenti elikhulu labahlanganyeli lishone ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma lazibulala.Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwabo cishe ngeminyaka engama-20. Ngamanye amazwi, umonakalo ongokwengqondo ungaqhubeka uzibonakalisa isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba usuvele.
Phakathi kwezingozi ezivame ukukhulunywa ngazo yilezi: imibono engaqondakali kanye neziqephu zengqondoKusukela enyangeni yesithathu kuqhubeke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu zokuzihlukanisa, ngaphandle kwemizila ecacile ye-circadian noma ukuxhumana kwangempela nabantu, ubuchopho bungaqala ukulahlekelwa yizikhonkwane zabo: kuvela ukukhohlisa, umuntu ulahlekelwa umkhondo wesikhathi Futhi isizungu eside singalimaza izakhiwo ezifana ne-hippocampus, ezibalulekile ekukhumbuleni nasekunakeni. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zinguquko zingaba okungenakulungiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzihlukanisa isikhathi eside kwandisa ingozi ukucindezeleka okujulile kanye nezinye izinkinga zemizwa. Izimpawu eziningi zikhula kancane kancane, phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kanye nonyaka ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho, lapho labo abazungezile sebevele bekholelwa ukuthi “konke sekuphelile.” Umzimba uyajwayela, kodwa ingqondo ingaba nezibazi unomphela, okubonisa ubukhulu bokuhlukumezeka. ukuphila okungcwatshwe emhumeni ngokomfanekiso Akuyona nje into engavamile, kodwa ukuhlolwa okunemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Izindaba ezesabekayo nezinganekwane zasemadolobheni mayelana nemilingo kanye nezinto ezingaphansi komhlaba
Ukuthakaselwa yilokho okufihliwe ngaphansi komhlaba noma ebumnyameni akugcini nje ezenzakalweni zangempela. izinganekwane zasemadolobheni nezindaba ezesabekayo Sekungamashumi eminyaka, bebelokhu bephinda basebenzise ukwesaba okufanayo: ukunyamalala okungachazeki, izingcingo ezivela “ngaphakathi endlini,” imigudu enezipoki, noma ukuhlolwa okuyimfihlo kohulumeni abangathembekile. Eziningi zalezi zindaba zethulwa “njengezisekelwe ezenzakalweni zangempela,” nakuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziba izindaba ezisontekile nezinehaba ezidluliselwa kusuka emlonyeni kuya emlonyeni… noma kusuka ku-tweet kuya ku-tweet.
Lezi zindaba zesimanje zivame ukugxila ku- izinkolelo-ze kanye nokugulaFuthi cishe njalo bafihla ukuziphatha okufihliwe: uma wenza lokhu, lokhu kuzokwenzeka kuwe; uma ungawuhloniphi umthetho othile, uzokhokha imiphumela. Abanye bazalwa yizenzakalo zangempela ezikhuliswa kakhulu kuze kube sezingeni lokungacabangi, abanye bayizinganekwane eziphelele ezidlala ngokwesaba kwethu okuyinhloko: isizungu, ubusuku, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, okungaziwa.
Enye yezinto zakudala yi- umuntu ohamba ngemoto eyisipokiUhlobo olujwayelekile lulandisa ngomshayeli ogibela intombazane egibela iloli emgwaqweni ongemuva. Uhlala esihlalweni sangemuva, futhi njengoba besondela ejikeni eliyingozi kakhulu, uyamxwayisa ngengozi. Ngemva kokudlula ejikeni, umshayeli uyaqaphela ukuthi umgibeli wanyamalala ngaphandle komkhondoKamuva, uthola ukuthi owesifazane osemusha ushone engozini endaweni efanayo eminyakeni edlule. Kwezinye izinguqulo, le ntombazane ayixwayisi muntu, futhi imoto ihileleke engozini ebulalayo lapho kusinde khona umuntu oyedwa kuphela ukulandisa indaba.
Inganekwane ethi “Kufana kakhulu” nethi “ owesifazane ogqoke okumhlopheKukhona engxenyeni yomhlaba. Ngokuvamile owesifazane ogqoke ingubo ekhanyayo, ehlotshaniswa nenhlekelele yendawo: ukufa kwengane, ukukhashelwa uthando, ukubulawa. Umoya wakhe uyazulazula ngokungazelele efuna impindiselo noma ukuvikela ingcebo efihliweNgokwezinganekwane zesifunda ngasinye. EMadrid, isibonelo, bakhuluma ngowesifazane omhlophe ohamba phezu kophahla lwendlu Indlu Yoshimula Abayisikhombisa, ehlotshaniswa no-Elena, isithandwa sikaPhilip II, owashona ezimweni ezimnyama.
IJapan inegalelo layo ezindabeni eziphazamisayo. Umhubhe weKiyotakiIndawo engaphansi komhlaba endaweni yase-Arashiyama idume ngezingozi eziningi zomgwaqo ezibangelwa yizithunzi zemimoya, okuhlanganisa nowesifazane ogqoke ezimhlophe. Kuthiwa indawo engaphansi komhlaba yakhiwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kangangokuthi Izisebenzi eziningi zafela laphoimiphefumulo yabo eyayizoqhubeka nokuhlupha kule ndawo. Njengokuthinta kokugcina, umhubhe ungamamitha angu-444, kanti inombolo yesi-4 ihlotshaniswa nenhlanhla emasikweni aseJapan.
Kuleli zwe elifanayo sithola nesibalo sika I-RokurokubiKubonakala sengathi umuntu ojwayelekile emini, kodwa ebusuku intamo yakhe iyanda ngendlela emangalisayo ukuze ahlole noma ahlasele abantu. Ezinye izinguqulo ziyethusa nje, ezinye ziyadla. Lawa ma-yokai awabonakali emphakathini, ngemisebenzi, imindeni, nabangane, futhi angaze abonakale. ukuze bakholwe ukuthi bangabantu ngokupheleleKuthiwa zibonakala ngamabala amancane amhlophe entanyeni yazo.
Ngendlela edabukisayo kakhulu inganekwane yokuthi Teke TekeOwesifazane ongenamilenze ohudula umzimba wakhe ongaphezulu eziteshini zesitimela, efuna izitho azilahlekelwe ngemuva kokushayiswa yisitimela ngenkathi ezama ukubalekela abahlaseli. Leli gama lilingisa umsindo wokunyakaza kwakhe. Noma ubani ombonayo, bathi, Ugcina eseyisisulu sakhe esilandelayo.
Enye indaba edumile emhlabeni wonke indaba ka- "ucingo oluvela ngaphakathi endlini"Umnakekeli wengane eyedwa uqaphe izingane ezilele lapho eqala ukuthola izingcingo ezisongelayo. Ushayela amaphoyisa ucingo, alandelela ucingo… futhi athola ukuthi umugqa uvela ekhelini elifanayoLapho umzanyana ekhuphukela phezulu ukuyohlola izingane, sekuphuze kakhulu. Kwezinye izinhlobo, intombazane isuke iphezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi igcina ifake ingane ku-microwave, uhlobo olucacile: qaphela labo abanakekela izingane zakho kanye nezidakamizwa.
Embusweni wobuphekula obubi kakhulu, sithola inganekwane yokuthi "i-hookman"Umbhangqwana upaka endaweni eyimfihlo ukuze bachithe isikhathi ndawonye; umbiko wezindaba ufika emsakazweni wokuthi umbulali ophethe ingwegwe uphunyukile esikhungweni esiseduze. Umama ufuna ukuhamba, u-Aimée uyayilulaza ingozi. Ekugcineni babuyela ekhaya, futhi lapho bephuma emotweni, bathola i- ingwegwe enegazi ibethelwe emnyangoEzinguqulweni eziningi, oyedwa noma bobabili bayafa; kwezinye, basinda ngokulambisa. Umyalezo udala njengesikhathi: “Ungayi ezindaweni ezimnyama ukuyokwenza izinto abazali bakho abangeke bazithande.”
Kukhona futhi izindaba zemibono engabonakali kakhulu, njenge- Umlindi wezipokiOthile uya edolobheni, axoxe futhi aphuze ubusuku bonke nomthengisi webha eyedwa, futhi lapho ebuya ngakusasa, uyaqinisekiswa ukuthi indawo yayivaliwe isikhathi esithile nokuthi lowo osolwa ngokuba yi-barter Ushone ezinyangeni ezedlule.Noma indaba "yomakhelwane" ohlukunyeziwe ocela indawo yokukhosela ubusuku obuningana bulandelana kuze kube yilapho, lapho ebika ngomyeni wakhe, umlingiswa oyinhloko ethola esiteshini samaphoyisa ukuthi owesifazane Wabulawa ngonyaka odlule.
Uhlu luyaqhubeka nochungechunge lwemiyalezo esongelayo, okusolwa ukuthi ukuphangwa kwezitho zomzimba emakamelweni okufaka izinto esitolo, ama-hamburger enziwe ngezibungu zomhlaba, izithombe zaseyunivesithi eziphila ebusuku, noma inganekwane edumile ye- Indoda ezacile ("indoda encane"), isidalwa eside kakhulu, esifaneleka, esingenabuso esithumba izingane futhi esazalelwa emncintiswaneni we-Photoshop, kodwa sagcina sesiyisithonjana se-inthanethi esesabekayo.
Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kanye nama-pasta asabekayo: kusukela elabhorethri yaseSoviet kuya emaphusheni ahlanganyelwe
Ngaphakathi kwendawo yonke ye-macabre, kukhona uhlobo lwendaba oluvezwa cishe njenge- imibiko yesayensi evuvukile...ukuxuba ulimi olusetshenziswayo nobudlova obungenabuntu. Isibonelo esiphelele yindaba ka... "Ukuhlolwa kokulala kwaseRussia"I-pasta esabekayo edumile kakhulu. Yenzeka ngawo-40, lapho ososayensi baseSoviet kuthiwa bavalela iziboshwa zezombusazwe ezinhlanu ekamelweni elingangeni moya, bezinikeza igesi yokuhlola ukuze zihlale ziphapheme izinsuku eziningi.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezimbalwa, iziboshwa zikhuluma ngokungayeki futhi zilandisa ngempilo yazo. Kusukela ngosuku lwesithupha kuqhubeke, ukuthula kuyaphazamisa; kuzwakala ukububula kuphela. Lapho ososayensi bevula umnyango ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi, bathola indawo eyesabekayo: iziboshwa sezivele wazilimaza futhi wadla inyama yakheAmasosha abizelwa ukuba azowanqoba, kodwa abonisa amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, abulale amasosha amaningana, futhi acele ukuba igesi ivulwe ukuze angalali. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi angobani, omunye uyaphendula: “Singuwe. Siyisiyaluyalu osifihlayo uma ulala.” Nakuba kuyinganekwane, izwakale ngokujulile ngoba isebenzisa ukwesaba kwe- izivivinyo eziyimfihlo kanye nohlangothi olumnyama lwengqondo yomuntu.
Enye indaba ephazamisayo yilena ka “indoda yamaphupho”Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ngo-2006 udokotela wezifo zengqondo waseNew York wadweba ubuso bendoda eyayichazwa yisiguli njengento ephindaphindayo emaphusheni aso. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, iziguli eziningi zaqala ukubhekisela kumuntu onezici ezifanayo. impandla eqalayo, amashiya aminyene kakhulu nezindebe ezincane kakhuluUdokotela wezifo zengqondo uthumele lo mdwebo kozakwabo emhlabeni wonke, futhi kuthiwa, amakhulu, bese kuba izinkulungwane, zabantu bathi baphuphe ngendoda efanayo. Kwaze kwadalwa iwebhusayithi ukuze kuqoshwe amacala. Umqondo womuntu ohlasela amaphupho awo wonke umuntu uxhumeka nezimpawu zokwesaba ezifana UFreddy Krueger futhi sidlala ngomuzwa wokuthi asiphephile ngisho ngasese ezingqondweni zethu.
Ukusinda okukhulu: onqenqemeni lokufa nokuvalelwa
Ngaphandle kwezinganekwane nezinganekwane, kunezindaba zangempela ezibonisa ngonya lokho abantu abakwaziyo ukukubekezelela. I-BBC ibike amacala amaningana e- ukusinda onqenqemeni, abanye babo benabadlali abaphambili abavaleleke ezindaweni ezinobutha njengomhume, umhosha noma intaba eneqhwa.
Enye yazo UDavid LaVauIndoda yaseMelika eneminyaka engu-67 ubudala yawela phansi emhosheni ongamamitha angu-60 ehlathini lesizwe eduze kwaseLos Angeles ngesikhathi izama ukugwema enye imoto. Njengoba iphukile amathambo futhi ihlombe layo liphumile, yachitha izinsuku eziyisithupha ilahlekile, iphila ngokudla. izinambuzane, amaqabunga kanye namanzi omfulaKwakungamalungu omndeni wakhe amthola, elandela izinkomba ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwekhadi lakhe lasebhange muva nje.
Okuhlaba umxhwele ngokufanayo indaba ka- UJuliane KoepckeUJuliane, intombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala eyayihamba ngendiza nonina ngo-1971 phezu kwehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon lasePeru. Umbani washaya indiza, i-fuselage yawa phakathi nendiza, uJuliane wawa, esaboshiwe esihlalweni sakhe, esuka endaweni ephakeme ngamamayela angaphezu kwamabili. osindile yedwa kubagibeli abangu-92Wazulazula izinsuku eziyishumi ehlathini, enezilonda ezigcwele izimpethu, elandela imifudlana egcwele izingwenya, waze wathola indlu encane eduze komfula lapho abanye abagawuli bemithi bamsindisa khona.
Esinye isiqephu esibi kakhulu yileso seqembu le-rugby lase-Uruguay AmaKristu Akudalaindiza eyaphahlazeka ngo-1972 ezintabeni zase-Andes. Abantu abangu-12 kwabangu-45 ababesesikebheni bafa kule ngozi; abanye bafa ngenxa yokulimala, amakhaza, noma indlala, kanti abanye abayisishiyagalombili bafa ngenxa yokuwa kweqhwa. Behlukaniswe ezindaweni eziphakeme izinsuku ezingu-72, bagcina bedla. inyama yabafileyo ukuze basinde. Abayishumi nesithupha basindiswa ngenxa yokuthi ababili babo bawela intaba ohambweni lwezinsuku eziyishumi beyocela usizo.
Intaba icishe yathatha umgibeli wezintaba waseBrithani UJoe SimpsonNgo-1985, wayegibela iSiula Grande ePeru noSimon Yates. USimpson waphuka umlenze, kwathi umlingani wakhe wazama ukumehlisa ngentambo, kodwa ngenxa yephutha, wamshiya elenga emoyeni, engakwazi ukumdonsela phezulu. Esaba ukuthi bobabili bazokufa, uYates nquma intamboUSimpson wawa odongeni lweqhwa wagcina esesiqwini. Engenamanzi noma ukudla, ephukile umlenze futhi edidekile, wakhasa izinsuku ezintathu nesigamu eqandeni leqhwa, amatshe, neqhwa waze wafika ekamu. Uhambo lwakhe lwaphefumulela incwadi kanye nedokhumentari ethi 'Touching the Void'.
Ngo-2003, iMelika Aron Ralston Wayehamba ngezinyawo esigodini esikude sase-Utah lapho idwala liphuma labamba ingalo yakhe odongeni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu engakwazi ukuzikhulula futhi ephelelwa amanzi, wanquma ukuthatha isinyathelo esinzima kakhulu: esebenzisa ummese omncane, Waphula amathambo engalweni yakhe wayinquma yena. esilinganisweni sesihlakala. Wabe esehla edabula umhosha waze wahlangana nabanye abantu abahamba ngezinyawo. Indaba yakhe yenziwa ifilimu ethi '127 Hours'.
Kwenzeka into efanayo ngalowo nyaka kumvukuzi wase-Australia UColin JonesWabhajwa ngaphansi komhlaba ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwamabili lapho itrektara yakhe igingqika emayini yamalahle futhi yaphula ingalo yakhe edwaleni. Esaba ukuthi imoto izoqhuma ngaphambi kokuba kufike amaqembu okutakula, wancenga osebenza naye ukuba ayinqume; lapho osebenza naye enqaba, Wakwenza ngokwakhe ngommese omfushane.
Abanye abasindile kakhulu kwadingeka babhekane nesizungu kanye nomkhuhlane. UDaryl JaneNgo-2006, wabhajwa ngeJeep yakhe eqhweni eduze kwaseMount Adams (eWashington). Wanika amanzi, amakhekhe elayisi, nobhanana, kwathi lapho amanzi akhe ephela, waphuza emachibini. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili, wayesevele ebhala izincwadi zokuvalelisa lapho etholakala enezimpawu zokushisa komzimba, kodwa engenaso isithwathwa esibi kakhulu.
EGulf of Mexico ngo-2009, amadoda amane—kuhlanganise nabadlali ababili bebhola baseMelika—awela olwandle lapho isikebhe sabo siguguleka endaweni engaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-120 ukusuka ogwini. Babambelela esiqwini esibheke phansi amahora amaningi, kodwa ulwandle lwaba lubi kakhulu, amagagasi efinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha amane. Kancane kancane, baqala ukukhukhuleka. ukuphupha izinto ezingekho emthethweni nokunqotshwa yi-hypothermiaMunye kuphela, uNick Schuyler, owasinda.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, amaNgisi UJamie NealeInsizwa eneminyaka engu-19 ubudala yalahleka izinsuku ezingu-12 eBlue Mountains e-Australia. Yaphazamiseka ngemuva kokuphambuka endleleni futhi yasinda ngenxa... ukuze bazigqoke ngamagxolo esihlahla futhi baphile ngokudla okuncaneEkugcineni watholakala ngamasosha amabili ezwa ukukhala kwakhe ecela usizo.
Ngo 2011, U-Amos Wayne RichardsLo oneminyaka engu-64 ubudala walimala kabi lapho ewa ngenkathi ehamba yedwa ogwadule lwase-Utah: waphuka umlenze waphuka ihlombe. Ngemva kokubuyisela ihlombe lakhe endaweni yalo ngangokunokwenzeka, waqala ukukhasa kancane kancane eya emotweni yakhe, eqoqa amanzi emvula ebhodleleni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezine kanye namamayela angaba ngu-5 entuthuko enzima, abatakuli ababesendizeni enophephela emhlane bamthola.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, eJapane, USumi Abe nomzukulu wakhe uJin Babevaleleke ngaphansi kwemfucumfucu yendlu yabo ngemva kwe-tsunami eyabhubhisa ngoMashi 11 e-Ishinomaki. Izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye basinda ngokudla i-yogurt nezinye izinsalela ezivela esiqandisini kwaze kwaba yilapho uJin ekwazi ukuzikhulula emfucumfucwini futhi bobabili basindiswa benezimpawu zokushisa komzimba ophansi, kodwa besaphila.
Imfihlakalo yeDyatlov Pass: iqhwa, umoya kanye “namandla angenakuphikiswa”
Phakathi kwezimfihlakalo ezinkulu ezihlotshaniswa nemvelo eyingozi, okulandelayo kuyagqama: Isigameko sikaDyatlov Pass, okwenzeka ngo-1959 e-Russian Urals. Izinsizwa eziyisishiyagalolunye, iningi lazo elingabafundi abavela e-Ural Polytechnic Institute kanye nabashushuluzi abangochwepheshe, baqala uhambo lwasebusika lwezinsuku eziyi-14 ukuze baqonge intaba. UGora OtortenIzinga lokushisa lingase lehle ngaphansi kuka-30°C, futhi indlela yahlukaniswa njengenzima kakhulu. Omunye wabo, uYuri Yudin, wanquma ukubuyela emuva ngemuva komlenze wokuqala ngenxa yezinkinga zempilo, engazi ukuthi uzoba yedwa ozophila ukuze alandise indaba.
Lapho usuku lokubuyela oluhleliwe lufika futhi iqembu lingaveli edolobheni lase I-VizhayKwaqalwa umsebenzi wokusesha. Ngemva kwenyanga, ngomhlaka-26 kuNhlolanja, bathola itende eceleni kwentaba ebizwa ngokuthi Kholat Syakhl“INtaba Yokufa” ngolimi lwendawo, cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-20 eningizimu yethagethi yokuqala. Itende lalilimele futhi kubonakala sengathi lalilimele. kudatshulwe ngaphakathiNgaphansi komsedari omdala waseSiberia, bathola izidumbu ezimbili ezinqunu kancane, zigqoke izingubo zangaphansi kanye namasokisi. Phakathi kwesihlahla netende, bathola ezinye izidumbu ezintathu, okuhlanganisa nesomholi, u-Igor Dyatlov, okungenzeka ukuthi wabulawa yi-hypothermia ngesikhathi ezama ukubuyela ekamu.
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, lapho iqhwa lincibilika emgodini oseduze, babonakala izidumbu ezine eziseleAbaningana babenokulimala okubi kakhulu: ukuphuka okukhulu kwesikhumba kanye nesifuba, kodwa bengenazo izilonda zangaphandle ezilinganayo. Iziphathimandla zaseSoviet zaphenya ngaleli cala izinyanga ezintathu futhi zavala ifayela, zithi ukufa kwabangelwa yi- “amandla emvelo angenakuphikiswa”ngaphandle kokunikeza incazelo ecacile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lesi sigameko sidale zonke izinhlobo zemibono: kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwe-Yeti noma ukuhlolwa kwezikhali eziyimfihlo kuya kuma-UFO noma ukungenelela kwe-KGB.
Ngo-2019, iHhovisi Lomshushisi waseRussia lavula kabusha icala futhi lasekela umbono wokuthi iqhwa elichithwe yipuleti njengembangela engaba khona, kodwa abacwaningi abaningi kanye nengxenye enkulu yomphakathi bahlala bengabaza. Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi ithimba lokutakula alizange libone izimpawu ezicacile zeqhwa eliwile, iqhwa lalinombono ojwayelekile ongaphansi kancane kwama-30°—umkhawulo ojwayelekile walezi zigameko—futhi ukulimala kwezinye izidumbu kwakungahambisani kahle nalokho okuvame ukubonwa ezisulwini zeqhwa eliwile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukube iqhwa eliwile lalenzekile, ngabe kwenzeke emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuba abaqwali benqume iqhwa ukuze bamise itende labo, ngaphandle kweqhwa lamuva noma isibhamu esibonakalayo.
Le nkinga yaba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngo-2019 ngenxa yesithakazelo sososayensi abafana no- UJohan Gaume, umqondisi we-Snow and Avalanche Simulation Laboratory (SLAB) e-EPFL, kanye nonjiniyela we-geotechnical U-Alexander Puzrin, evela eSwiss Federal Institute of Technology eZurich. Ngemva kokuthintwa yintatheli evela New York TimesUGaume waqala ukubuyekeza izingobo zomlando, idatha yokungqubuzana kweqhwa, kanye nokwakheka kwendawo. Ekanye noPuzrin, wathuthukisa izindawo zokugcina izinto. amamodeli okuhlaziya kanye nezinombolo ukuzama ukuphinda lokho okungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke emithambekeni yeKholat Syakhl.
Umsebenzi wakhe, oshicilelwe kumagazini Ezokuxhumana Umhlaba Nemvelo, kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ngempela ukuthi iqhwa elincane eliyi-slab Ukudilika kweqhwa ngabe kwenzeke kulowo mthambeka othambile, kwashiya imikhondo embalwa ebonakalayo. Ukusika abahambi abakwenza ukuze bamise itende labo kwakuyokwenza buthaka i-snowpack, futhi izimo zomoya eziqondile kakhulu ze-katabatic—imisinga yomoya obandayo eyehla esiqongweni—zaziyoqoqa kancane kancane iqhwa eliningi phezu kwetende kwaze kwaba yilapho lidlula umkhawulo obalulekile emahoreni kamuva.
Amamodeli kaGaume noPuzrin abonisa ukuthi iqhwa elinalezi zici lingadala amandla anele okubangela ukuqhekeka okukhulu kwangaphakathi okufana nalokho okubonwa kwezinye izidumbu, ngaphandle kwesidingo seqhwa elikhulu elakhukhula lonke igquma. Ngokusho kombono wabo, leli qembu, limangazwe ubusuku yiqhwama, lalizodabula itende lisuka ngaphakathi ukuze libaleke ngokushesha, lalizohlakazeka phansi egqumeni ngaphansi kwezimo ezingabonakali nhlobo futhi kubanda kakhulu, bese kuthi, ngenkathi lizama ukuhlela kabusha futhi lifune indawo yokukhosela eduze kwezihlahla, Wayezonqotshwa yi-hypothermia kanye nokuhlukumezeka..
Ababhali bayaqaphela futhi bayavuma ukuthi Ngeke sazi ngokuqinisekile. kwenzekani ngalobo busuku. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe unikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokulinganisa inkolelo-mbono yeqhwa futhi, ngokusobala, uthuthukisa ukuqonda kwalolu hlobo lokudilika kweqhwa emithambekeni ethambile, into ewusizo kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izingozi zezintaba. Kwabaningi, icala likaDyatlov seliyekile ukuba yindaba nje yemibono yozungu futhi seliphinde laba yindaba indawo yokuhlola yesayensi mayelana nokuthi izinguquko ezincane endaweni ebucayi kakhulu zingadala kanjani izinhlekelele ezinkulu.
Phakathi kweziqephu ze-catalepsy ezicishe ziphele ngokufa, ama-fakir avuma ngokuzithandela ukungcwatshwa, abasubathi abachitha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka emhumeni, izinganekwane zemigudu enezipoki, kanye nohambo oluphela ngamatende aqhekeziwe ngaphakathi, okuyisisekelo sakho konke kuhlale kufana: ingxube enamandla ye ukwesaba okhokho ukubanjwa, ukuthakaselwa yimingcele yomzimba nengqondo, kanye nesidingo sokuqonda lokho esingakuqondiKungakhathaliseki ukuthi singaphansi kweqhwa, umhlaba, idwala, noma nje endabeni elandiswa ukukhanya kwesikrini, siyaqhubeka nokubuka "ingaphansi komhlaba" engokwengqondo nengokwenyama ngenhlonipho efanayo naleyo okhokho bethu ababeyibheka ngayo amathuna angavalwanga kahle.