Igama le- i-polar expedition cruiser MV Hondius Sekuyinto efanayo nesexwayiso sezempilo samazwe ngamazwe ngemuva kokuqubuka kwe-hantavirus ebhodini, kanye nokufa okuningana kanye namacala aqinisekisiwe emazweni ahlukene. Okwaqala njengohambo olukhethekile oluwela iNingizimu Atlantic sekuphenduke umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi ohilela impilo yomphakathi, ezokuthutha, kanye nokuxhumanisa kwezombusazwe, lapho iSpain kanye namanye amazwe aseYurophu edlala indima ebalulekile.
Iziphathimandla zezempilo zomhlaba wonke ziqinisekisile ukuthi ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kubangelwa yilolu hlobo I-Andes ye-hantavirusLolu hlobo lwegciwane luvame ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseNingizimu Melika futhi luye lwahlotshaniswa nezimo ezingavamile zokudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu. Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ingozi yokuqubuka okusakazekile eYurophu iphansi kakhulu nokuthi kukhona ulwazi oluqinile lwesayensi kanye nezinqubo ezicacile zokuphatha izimo ezinjalo.
Okwenzekile esikebheni i-MV Hondius
I-MV Hondius, eqhutshwa yinkampani yokuthumela izimpahla yaseDashi I-Oceanwide ExpeditionsYasuka e-Ushuaia (e-Argentina) ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli ohambweni lwezinsuku ezingu-34 inqamula i-South Atlantic, imisa ezindaweni ezikude njengeSouth Sandwich Islands, iTristan da Cunha, iSaint Helena, i-Ascension, kanye, ekugcineni, neCape Verde, ngaphambi kokuya eCanary Islands njengendawo yokuthutha abagibeli.
Ngesikhathi sohambo, amacala okuqala angathi sÃna ahambisana ukutheleleka kwe-hantavirusEkuqaleni, imbangela yayingasolwa. Emasontweni alandelayo, okungenani ukufa kwabantu abathathu okuhlobene nokuqubuka kwalesi sifo kubikwe, futhi iziguli eziningana zithuthelwe ezibhedlela eNingizimu Afrika, eSwitzerland, eJalimane naseNetherlands, lapho zingeniswe khona ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zezifo ezithelelanayo.
Babehamba ngesikebhe ngesikhathi kumenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi lesi sifo sibhedukile. Abantu abayi-149 bezizwe ezingama-23Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abagibeli abangu-88 kanye nabasebenzi abangu-61. Abagibeli babehlanganisa izakhamuzi zaseSpain ezingu-14 (izivakashi ezingu-13 kanye nelungu elilodwa labasebenzi), okwaqala ngokushesha ukusebenzisana phakathi koNgqongqoshe Wezempilo, Wezokuvikela, Wezangaphandle kanye noHulumeni Weziqhingi zaseCanary.
I-World Health Organization (WHO) ichaze kabanzi ukuthi, ngokusekelwe kudatha yelabhorethri etholakalayo, eziningana ziqinisekisiwe. Amacala e-Andes hantavirus Amanye amacala ahlotshaniswa nomkhumbi wokuhamba ngesikebhe, kanti amanye abhekwa njengamacala okusolwayo alinde imiphumela eqinisekile. Ukuhlaziywa okwenziwe eSouth African National Institute for Communicable Diseases, ezibhedlela zaseSwitzerland, kanye nasezindaweni zokucwaninga zaseYurophu konke kukhomba iphethini efanayo: igciwane elitholakele ngokusobala lingelase-Andes, elihlotshaniswa namagundane asendle eSouthern Cone.
Indlela yohambo kanye nezindawo ezingaba khona zokuthelelana
Uhambo lwe-MV Hondius luyisihluthulelo sokuzama ukwakha kabusha kuphi futhi nini ukuchayeka kwegciwaneNgaphezu kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-10.000, umkhumbi wavakashela izindawo ezikude kakhulu, lapho kungekho khona abantu abaningi kanye nezilwane zasendle eziningi, okuhlanganisa namagundane asebenza njengendawo yokugcina izinambuzane ze-hantavirus.
Uhambo lwaqala e-Ushuaia, isango elivamile lohambo lwase-Antarctic, lwaqhubeka ludlula eziqhingini ezikude zase-South Atlantic. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwezinye izindawo endleleni kwakukhona ukufika nokuhlala ezweni, kanye nokuhamba kwabagibeli ababevele bebonisa izimpawu zokuphefumula noma izimo ezibucayi, ngaleso sikhathi, ezazingahlobene negciwane le-Andes.
I-WHO iphenya ngqo umlando wohambo lwe- Umshado waseDashi owayeke wathatha uhambo lokuya e-Uruguay, eChile nase-Argentina, evakashela izindawo lapho kukhona khona igundane elaziwa ngokuthi igundane lerayisi eliyindilinga elinomsila omude (i-Oligoryzomys longicaudatus), eliyisakaza esikhulu se-Andes variant. Bobabili kamuva bagibela i-MV Hondius futhi bashona kusukela lapho, okwenza kwaba yizimo ezibalulekile zokuqonda umsuka wokuqubuka kwalesi sifo.
Phakathi kwezikali ezihlonzwe njengezingase zifaneleke kakhulu ekuvezweni yilezi: UTristan da Cunha kanye nesiqhingi saseSaint Helenalapho kwafika khona, kwasuswa abantu ngenxa yezokwelapha, kanye nokubonakaliswa kokuqala okubi kwalesi sifo. Esigabeni sokugcina somzila, ngemva kokuma e-Ascension, umkhumbi waya ePraia (eCape Verde), lapho wahlala khona ubambekile izinsuku eziningana ngaphandle kwemvume yokuma ngenkathi kuchazwa ubukhulu besigameko.
Inkolelo-mbono esebenzayo ekhona ukuthi ukutheleleka okuningi kwenzeka nge- ukuchayeka emvelweni kumagundane athelelekile noma indle yabo, kungaba semhlabeni noma, cishe, emkhunjini ngokwawo. Nakuba kuye kwachazwa amacala angavamile okudluliselwa kwegciwane lase-Andes kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi akulona igciwane elinamandla aphezulu okusabalala phakathi kwabantu.
Ukufika eziQhingini zaseCanary: ukumisa, ukuthutha kanye nokubuyisela ezweni lakubo
Ukufika okulindelekile kwe-MV Hondius emanzini aseduze neTenerife kudale impikiswano enkulu yezepolitiki nezenhlalo eSpain, ikakhulukazi e-United States. Iziqhingi zaseCanaryNgenxa yendima yalezi ziqhingi njengendawo yokuphuma kanye nendawo yokuxhumana nomoya emhlabeni jikelele, uMnyango Wezempilo kanye noHulumeni Weziqhingi ZaseCanary bavumile, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziningana zezingxoxo, ukuthi umkhumbi ngeke ume kunoma yiliphi itheku laseCanary Island, kodwa uzohlala ubambe isikebhe eduze kwaseGranadilla de Abona.
Umsebenzi ochaziwe ubeka ukuthi abagibeli kanye nabasebenzi bazobekwa kuthuthwa ngezikebhe Ukusuka emkhunjini wokuhamba ngesikebhe kuya echwebeni, bese kusuka lapho ngamabhasi ahleliwe—kufaka phakathi izimoto ezivela e-Military Emergency Unit (UME)—eya ngqo esikhumulweni sezindiza, ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabantu bendawo. Yilabo kuphela abantu abahlelwe futhi baqondiswa indiza yokubuyela ezweni labo nezwe labo lendabuko abazokwehla.
ISpain iqinisekisile ukuthi Izakhamuzi zaseSpain ezingu-14 Labo abahamba nge-MV Hondius bazodluliselwa eMadrid bayiswe eGómez Ulla Central Defense Hospital, lapho bazoba namakamelo ngamanye kanye nokuqapha okukhethekile kwezokwelapha. Ngokuphathelene nohlobo oluphoqelekile lokuhlukaniswa, kube nemiyalezo engqubuzanayo phakathi kweminyango kahulumeni, kodwa uMnyango Wezempilo uphinde wathi unamathuluzi asemthethweni okubeka izinyathelo zokuhlukaniswa uma kudingeka ukuvikela impilo yomphakathi.
Ngaphezu kwamadivayisi aseSpain, amanye amazwe—njenge- I-United States, i-United Kingdom kanye ne-Netherlands— bahlele izindiza ezithile ukuze babuyisele izakhamuzi zabo ezweni. Iziphathimandla zaseCanary Islands zigcizelela ukuthi akekho umgibeli ozoshiya indawo yechweba aye eziqhingini ngaphandle kokuthi aye ngokushesha endizeni yakhe, ephethe imishini yokuzivikela efanele futhi ngaphandle kokuxhumana nomphakathi.
Ukuqapha kwezifo kanye nendima yeziphathimandla zaseYurophu
Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo akugcini nje ngomkhumbi. Iziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi zaseYurophu zenza ucwaningo ukulandelela okucophelelayo koxhumana nabo kubo bonke labo abehla ezitobhini zangaphambilini noma abahamba ngezindiza nabagibeli abagulayo. INetherlands iqapha amakhulu abantu ababehamba ngendiza nomvakashi waseDashi oshonile; eSingapore, izakhamuzi ezimbili ezazisemkhunjini wokuhamba ngesikebhe zihlukaniswe zodwa, kanti eTexas (e-USA) nase-United Kingdom, abahambi ababuya ohambweni futhi bazihlukanisa njengesinyathelo sokuqapha bayaqashwa.
ESpain, uMnyango Wezempilo uhlela impendulo kanye I-European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)I-WHO kanye nohulumeni bezifunda abahlukahlukene abathintekayo baye bahileleka. Isibhedlela sase-University of La Candelaria, eTenerife, siqokwe njengesikhungo sokubhekisela uma noma yimuphi umgibeli edinga ukunakekelwa eziqhingini, kanye neyunithi yokuhlukaniswa ephezulu elungiselelwe izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
I-WHO, yona, ifune ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi ngokugcizelela ukuthi azikho izinkomba zokuthi lesi sigameko singaba yisimo esibucayi. ubhubhane olukhulu futhi akufani nalokho okwake kwenzeka nge-COVID-19. Le nhlangano iveza ukuthi i-Andes hantavirus iyigciwane elaziwayo eliye laba khona iminyaka eminingi, kanti amaphethini okudlulisela ahluke kakhulu kulawo amagciwane okuphefumula atheleleka kakhulu njenge-influenza noma i-SARS-CoV-2.
Ochwepheshe abavela ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba wonke baphikelela ukuthi, uma kulandelwa ngokuqinile izinqubo zokuhlukaniswa, ukubulala amagciwane ekhebhini, kanye nokuqapha izimpawu, ingozi kubantu bezindawo lapho umkhumbi ume khona—kufaka phakathi iziQhingi zaseCanary—iyacatshangelwa. phansiIsihluthulelo, bagcizelela, ukuqapha eduze labo abangase bavezwe futhi bathathe isinyathelo kusenesikhathi kunoma yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisanayo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Oceanwide Expeditions igcina ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo namazwe ahilelekile ukuze kuhlanganiswe ukuphathwa kokwehla nokubuyiselwa kwabantu esikebheniLe nkampani ithi okwamanje abekho abagibeli abasha abanezimpawu ebhodini nokuthi bonke labo abashiye umkhumbi wokuhamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni eziphakathi sebethintiwe, ikakhulukazi labo abehla eSaint Helena.
Iyini i-Andes hantavirus futhi idluliselwa kanjani?
Ama-Hantavirus awumndeni wamagciwane asakazeke ezindaweni ezahlukene zomhlaba, kodwa uhlobo oluhlobene ne-MV Hondius—i- Izinhlobo ze-Andes— Itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseChile nase-Argentina. Indawo yayo yemvelo ingamagundane asendle, okuhlanganisa negundane elibizwa ngokuthi igundane elinemisila emide, elikhipha igciwane ngomchamo, indle kanye namathe.
Indlela evame kakhulu yokutheleleka kubantu iwukudlula ukuhogela izinhlayiya Lawa magciwane avela endleleni yamagundane, engasala njengothuli kanye nama-aerosol ezindaweni ezivalekile noma ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka futhi ngokuxhumana ngqo nezindawo ezingcolisiwe, lapho igciwane lingena emzimbeni nge-mucous membranes noma amanxeba amancane esikhumba, futhi, ngezinga elincane, ngokudla ukudla okungcolisiwe.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hantavirus zisakazeka eYurophu, njengePuumala noma iDobrava, ezihlotshaniswa kakhulu namacala omkhuhlane wegazi ohambisana nokubandakanyeka kwezinso futhi ziveza i- ukubulala okuphansi kakhuluUmehluko omkhulu ngegciwane le-Andes, ngaphandle kobunzima balo obukhulu bezokwelapha, ukuthi kulolu hlobo oluthile, ukuqubuka kokutheleleka ngokudluliselwa komuntu nomuntu kuye kwabhalwa phansi ezimweni ezithile kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi amandla okudluliselana phakathi kwabantu Ukusabalala kwe-hantavirus e-Andes kuncane kakhulu futhi kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokuthintana okuseduze isikhathi eside nasezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu akufani nokuthelelana okuphezulu kwamagciwane afana nomkhuhlane, isimungumungwane, noma i-coronavirus ebangela i-COVID-19, basikhumbuza.
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kuncike ohlotsheni lokwethulwa. Endabeni yegciwane lase-Andes, okulandelayo kuyakhathaza kakhulu: i-hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndromeokungathuthuka ngokushesha kube ukwehluleka okukhulu kokuphefumula futhi kudinge ukwamukelwa ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa okujulile, ngokusekelwa komoya-mpilo ogeleza kakhulu, ukuphefumula komshini, ngisho namasu okusekela ukuphila athuthukile.
Izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nezincomo eYurophu
Njengoba kungekho mithi ethile yokulwa namagciwane ephumelela kakhulu ngokumelene nama-hantavirus amaningi, ukwelashwa kusekelwe ku- ukunakekelwa okusekelayo ezivumelaniswe nobunzima: ukulawula izimpawu, ukuqapha eduze, ukwelashwa okujulile ezimweni ezinzima, futhi lapho kwenzeka ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwezinso, amasu okuhlanza ukuze athathe indawo yokusebenza kwezinso okwesikhashana.
Emazweni aseYurophu, lapho la magciwane engavamile khona futhi ukuqubuka kwawo kuvame ukuba sendawonye, ​​amasu okuvimbela agxila kakhulu ku gwema ukuchayeka ezigundwini kanye nendle yazo. Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezinconywayo kukhona ukulawulwa kwenani lamagundane ezindaweni ezisengozini, ukuphefumula okwanele kwezindawo ezivalekile, ukuhlanzwa okumanzi kwezindawo ezingase zingcoliswe, kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza nokudla, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, noma emakhaya angenamuntu.
Ngokomongo we-MV Hondius, iziphathimandla zigcizelela ukuthi okubaluleke kakhulu qapha labo ababesesikebheni noma wabelane ngohambo nabantu abagulayo, kunokusebenzisa imikhawulo evamile. Bachaza ukuthi inhloso ukuphula noma yiluphi uchungechunge olusele lokutheleleka, noma ngabe lukude kangakanani, ngokwenza izinto ngokulinganayo nangaphandle kokudala i-alamu engadingekile.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini ngokuqubuka kwezinye izifo ze-hantavirus zase-Andes eNingizimu Melika—kufaka phakathi izigameko eziningi ezinamacala ezindaweni ezithile zase-Argentina—kusebenza njengereferensi yokuhlola izingozi nokuchaza amazinga okusabela. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, inhlanganisela yophenyo lwezifo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamacala, kanye nokulandelela othintana nabo kuye kwavumela ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo ukuthi kuvinjelwe ngaphandle kokubhebhetheka kube yizinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yomphakathi.
Kusukela emikhakheni yesayensi neyezilwane, ukubaluleka kwale ndlela nakho kuyagcizelelwa. Impilo eyodwaokuhlanganisa impilo yabantu, impilo yezilwane, kanye nemvelo. Ubuningi bamagundane aphethe leli gciwane buhlobene kakhulu nezici zemvelo, ngakho-ke noma yiliphi isu lokuvimbela lesikhathi esiphakathi neside lihilela ukuqonda nokuqapha lezi zindawo zemvelo, into ebaluleke kakhulu ohambweni lohambo oluya ezindaweni ezikude.
Uhambo oluyingqayizivele lohambo oluya endaweni egqanyisiwe emhlabeni jikelele
Ngale kwenkinga yezempilo, i-MV Hondius iyi- uhambo lokuphahlaza iqhwa Lo mkhumbi ongamamitha ayi-110 ubude uklanyelwe ukuhamba ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinezimo zeqhwa. Ungumkhumbi wokuqala wabagibeli emhlabeni onesitifiketi se-Polar Class 6, okuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokuphephile ezindaweni zase-Antarctic nase-Arctic ezingafinyeleleki kweminye imikhumbi evamile yokudoba.
Ngomthamo wabanye Abagibeli abangama-170 Njengoba inabasebenzi abacishe babe ngu-70, umkhumbi unikeza izigaba ezahlukene zokuhlala, kusukela ezindlini zokungena ezimbotsheni kuya kuma-suites amakhulu anamabhalkhoni. Nokho, ifilosofi yawo ihlukile emcabangweni "wehhotela elintantayo": okubaluleke kakhulu yindawo okuyo kuyo, enokuvakasha njalo kwezikebhe ze-Zodiac, ukubuka izilwane zasendle, imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa, kanye nengxenye enamandla yemfundo eholwa abaqondisi abakhethekile nososayensi.
Amanani alolu hambo aphakeme kakhulu kunalawo ohambo olujwayelekile. Imizila eyisisekelo eya e-Antarctica ivame ukuqala cishe... $7.800 umuntu ngamunyeNakuba uhambo olude noluphelele, kanye nokuma ezindaweni ezifana neSouth Georgia noma iziQhingi zaseFalkland, lungadlula kalula u-$12.000–$17.000. Esigabeni esiphezulu, amasuti kanye nohambo lwamasonto amaningi lufinyelela emananini adlula u-$24.000 ngomgibeli ngamunye.
I-Oceanwide Expeditions, eseNetherlands futhi enesakhiwo sebhizinisi esiqhutshwa ngumndeni, isizisungule njengomqhubi ohamba phambili e- ukuvakasha kohambo lwe-polarLe nkampani inemikhumbi yayo futhi ilawula kokubili imisebenzi yasemanzini kanye nohlelo lwemisebenzi esesikebheni, igxile emaqenjini amancane, ukusimama, kanye nokuxhumana ngqo nemvelo. Yilokhu kuzibophezela ezindaweni ezikude nezikude manje okubeke i-MV Hondius ekugqanyisweni kwabezindaba.
Inkinga yamanje ihlola ikhono lenkampani yemikhumbi lokuphatha isimo esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili salolu hlobo, kodwa futhi igcizelela izinselele zempilo ezihambisana nemizila ekudelapho usizo lwezokwelapha oluthuthukisiwe lungatholakala khona izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ukusuka lapho futhi noma yikuphi ukuqubuka kwesifo esithathelwanayo kudinga ukwakheka kwemisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe eyinkimbinkimbi, njengaleyo ethuthukiswayo manje neSpain namanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Ukuvela kokuqubuka kwesifo esikebheni i-MV Hondius, ukufika okulawulwayo eziQhingini zaseCanary, kanye nokusebenza okunamandla kokubuyiselwa kwabantu kanye nokuqapha emazwenikazi amaningana kubonisa izinga lapho isigameko sezempilo emkhunjini omncane singadala khona izindlela zokuphendula emhlabeni jikelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi siqephu sisebenza ukuchazela umphakathi ukuthi yini I-Andes hantavirus, ukuthi idluliselwa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezingokoqobo eYurophu, lapho inhlanganisela yolwazi lwesayensi, ukubambisana phakathi kwezifundazwe kanye nezinsiza zokunakekelwa kwezinga eliphezulu ivumela ukuthi icala libhekane nokuqapha, kodwa ngaphandle kokuwela ekukhathazekeni.
