Iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, i- Ithuna likaCleopatra iphunyukile labo abayifunayo phakathi kogu nogwadule lwase I-EgyptEminyakeni yamuva nje, ukugxila kushintshele ku-enclave ethile: Taposiris Magna, emaphethelweni e-Alexandria, lapho imishini yaseGibhithe-Dominican izama ukuhlanganisa izingcezu zendida yomlando.
Ngaphambili kukhona iDominican Kathleen Martinez, ucwaningo lwakhe olubekwe etafuleni izinkomba zemivubukulo isisindo - kokubili emhlabeni nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokuqapha nangaphandle kokunqoba, iqembu lakhe ligcina ukuthi izimpawu eduze endaweni yokugcina yethuna, nakuba ukutholakala okuqinisekile kungakafiki.
Ubani Kathleen Martinez?
Wazalelwa ngaphakathi Santo Domingo, uMartinez ekuqaleni waqeqeshwa njenge ummeli wobugebengu futhi ukhethekile ku-criminology, isisekelo manje asisebenzisayo ku-archeology ngendlela yecala: landela izinkomba, qhathanisa imithombo futhi yakhe kabusha izimo ngokuqinile.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili e-Law, wafunda ukuvubukula kanye nezezimali, kwathi ngo-2005 wenza ithuba eliqinisekile lokugxila ekufuneni Ithuna likaCleopatra VII. Njengamanje uqondisa i- Imishini yaseGibhithe-Dominican e-Alexandria futhi usebenza njengenxusa lamasiko, ehlanganisa umsebenzi wasendle kanye nokuphathwa kwesikhungo.
Intshisekelo yakhe kuCleopatra nayo ine-nuance of ukubuyekezwa komlando: buza i-caricature yendlovukazi njenge-seductress nje futhi uveze i-polyglot, amasiko kanye ne-strategist ezombusazwe echazwe imithombo eyahlukene.
Kungani Taposiris Magna Ukubhejwa okukhulu
I-hypothesis emaphakathi yemishini igcina lokho Cleopatra Wayengeke angcwatshwe e-mausoleum yasebukhosini esikhungweni sase-Alexandria, kodwa endaweni engcwele yase-Aleksandriya. Taposiris Magna. Kwakukhona amahlelo ukuze Osiris y Isis, onkulunkulu indlovukazi eyayihlotshaniswa nabo, ababeyonikeza incazelo engokomfanekiso yendawo yayo yokuphumula.
Ngaphezu kwengxenye yezenkolo, indawo yayizochazwa impilo yesiko, uhwebo kanye nempahla nenhloko-dolobha yasePtolemaic. Le nhlanganisela yemisebenzi—i-Templar ne-maritime—ihambisana nesilinganiso umuntu angasilindela enkingeni ezofihla indawo yokungcwaba esezingeni eliphezulu.
Okutholakele emhlabathini
Ukumbiwa okuhlelekile kukhonjiwe imigudu namakamelo ezazingabhalwanga ethempelini lalolu hlobo. Kwengezwe kulokhu iqoqo elimangalisayo lezinto ezivela enkathini yePtolemaic kanye nenkathi yokuqala yamaRoma, umthamo nokuhlukahluka kwakho okuqinisa inani lesayithi.
- Izinhlamvu zemali: ezingaphezu kwekhulu—kubhekiselwa kuzo Cleopatra phakathi kwabo-ukusiza hlukanisa ukulandelana kwezikhathi kanye namanethiwekhi okusabalalisa.
- Izitsha neminikelo: izitsha, izitsha zobumba, izibani zikawoyela, iziqukathi ze-limestone, izithombe eziqoshiwe zethusi kanye izinto zezimonyo.
- Ukubaza: izingcezu zemabula ne-limestone-kuhlanganise namabhasi-ezikhomba isikhundla sendawo kakade amasiko ehambisana ne-elite.
- I-Necropolis: izakhiwo zemingcwabo namagalari aphakamisa izindawo ezibekelwe ukungcwatshwa okusezingeni eliphezulu.
Lezi zinsiza, ezikhonjwe ngochwepheshe njenge impumelelo ewujuqu, azibonakalisi ngokwabo ukuba khona kukaCleopatra, kodwa zihlanganisa umqondo wokuthi Taposiris Magna Kwakungaphezu kwethempeli: indawo yezenkolo neyomngcwabo ye-oda lokuqala.
Ithrekhi yangaphansi kwamanzi
Uphenyo ludlulela ogwini: cishe amakhilomitha angama-45 entshonalanga E-Alexandria, abatshuzi babhale phansi a itheku elicwile emanzini kanye nezakhiwo eziyisikhumbuzo ekujuleni okungashoni, ezinamakholomu, amabhlogo kanye nama-amphorae amaningi aveza umsebenzi oshubile we-nautical.
Okunye okutholwe okugqama kakhulu yi-a umhubhe omkhulu, manje ngaphansi kwamanzi kancane, obekungaxhuma le nkimbinkimbi nolwandle. Le ngqalasizinda iphakamisa indawo engcwele exhumene nemizila yasolwandle kanye nemikhuba yokukhuluma noma yodwendwe ubukhulu bogu.
Umsebenzi usekelwa yi- I-Ocean Exploration Trust, iqondiswa uRobert Ballard, kanye noMkhandlu Ophakeme Wezinto Zasendulo ZaseGibhithe. Ukuphathwa kweGibhithe ngokwalo kugcizelele umlando kanye amasu kusukela ku-enclave kunethiwekhi yasendulo yokuhweba yaseMedithera.
Amazwi, ukwesekwa kanye nenkulumompikiswano yesayensi
Umphakathi wezemfundo ulandela iphrojekthi ngentshisekelo, ukuhlanganisa ukulindela nokungabaza okunempilo. Akukho ukuvumelana okuqinisekile: ezinye izazi zase-Egypt zikhuthaza ukuqapha kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ubufakazi obuphelele, kuyilapho abanye bekwazisa idatha njengesisekelo esiqinile sokumba okuqhubekayo.
Ngokufanayo, umsebenzi kaMartÃnez - iphayona enhloko ye- Imishini yaseLatin America egunyazwe e-Egypt-ithole ukuhlonishwa ezweni layo kanye nokutuswa kwamanye amazwe. Umsebenzi wakhe uvezwe emithonjeni yezindaba ekhethekile nakudocumentary Imfihlo yokugcina kaCleopatra (National Geographic, ku-Disney+), elandela ukuqhubeka kophenyo.
Ngaphandle kwamagama, iphrojekthi ivuselele ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqembu aseGibhithe kanye namazwe ngamazwe futhi iye yaheha izinsiza zobuchwepheshe ukuhlanganisa imivubukulo yasemhlabeni nangaphansi kwamanzi ibe yindaba eyodwa yesayensi.
Cleopatra, ngale kwenganekwane
Umbusi wokugcina wozalo lukaPtolemaic, UCleopatra VII wabusa eGibhithe enamasiko amaningi kusukela E-Alexandria, njengabanye OFaro baseGibhithe, enza imifelandawonye nezibalo ezinjengoJulius Caesar noMark Antony. Imithombo iyavumelana ngeyakhe ukuhlakanipha, ubuciko bezilimi nekhono lezombangazwe, nakuba inkulumo-ze yamaRoma yahlanekezela isithombe sakhe amakhulu eminyaka.
Isiphetho sakhe, ngemva kokunqotshwa e-Actium, sihlala sigubuzelwe ukungabaza: inguqulo ye-asp ihambisana ne-hypothesis ethi ubuthi izinhlanganisela. Okuhlala kuvulekile kuyimpicabadala enkulu: indawo ngqo yabo ukungcwatshwa, okuyinto, ngokwesiko, ayezohlanganyela noMark Antony.
Izinhlamvu zemali zesikhathi, izithombe kanye nezincazelo zemibhalo zinikeza i-mosaic eyingxenye yomuntu wakhe, eduze isikhulu kunenganekwane yothando. Impela ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuthola ithuna lakhe kungaba nomthelela omkhulu umlando kusukela e-Hellenistic Mediterranean.
ucwaningo ku Taposiris Magna iqhubeka ngezindlela eziningana - ukuhlola, ukuhlaziya izinto zokwakha, ukuhlola ngaphansi kwamanzi - ngenjongo ecacile: ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinkomba ezisikiselayo kanye ubufakazi engenakuphikiswa. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, umkhankaso ngamunye uthuthukisa imephu futhi ulahle imibono eqanjiwe.
Nge imigudu, ichweba elingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nochungechunge lwezingcezu ezitholiwe, icala lika-Taposiris Magna selisukile ekuqageleni laya emgqeni womsebenzi obalulekile. Isiqinisekiso sokuthi wonke umuntu ulindile sisashoda, kepha isimo lapho ithuna lika Cleopatra Angikaze ngichazwe kanjalo.
