Amathuba okubuyisela izilwane ezingasekho ekuphileni iye yasuka ekubeni inganekwane yesayensi yaya emkhakheni lapho ososayensi betshala khona imizamo nezinsiza ezinkulu. Ngenxa yenqubekelaphambili ku-biotechnology kanye nezakhi zofuzo, ukuqedwa kokushabalala kuya ngokuya kuba ngokoqobo ngokuya ngokusondelana, njengoba kunemiklamo yokufuna ukuvelela eqhubekayo nokunakwa okukhulayo izilwane ezingavamile.
Izinkampani namalabhorethri emhlabeni wonke seziqalile ukusebenzela ukutholwa kwezinhlobo zezimpawu ezinjengalezi isisu esinomhlwenga, the dodo futhi i Ingwe yaseTasmanian. Nakuba umdlandla uphawuleka, kukhona futhi amaningi Izinselelo zesayensi nezokuziphatha okwenza lendlela ingabi nayo impikiswano.
Ukubuya kwe-wolly mammoth
Enye yamaphrojekthi alamula kakhulu emkhakheni wokuqothula ukutholwa kwe- isisu esinomhlwenga. Lolu hlobo, oluhlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, lwashabalala cishe iminyaka 4.000. Uhlelo oluholwa yinkampani ye-biotechnology i-Colossal luhlose ukuyibuyisela ngokusebenzisa ukuhlela izakhi zofuzo.
Indlela yokwenza akukona ukuhlanganisa i-mammoth ku-DNA etholiwe, kodwa faka izakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezivela kulesi silwane emibungu yezindlovu zase-Asia, wakho izihlobo eziseduze. Kufunwa ukuthi lama hybrids akwazi ukuphila kuwo izindawo ezibandayo, esiza ukubuyisela i-ecosystem ye-tundra yaseSiberia, okungase kube nomthelela ekwehliseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo zalezi zilwane lunikeza amathuba amasha okuqonda impilo emile nokuthi impilo ingavumelana kanjani nobunzima, njengoba kubonakala kwezinye Izinhlobo ezingasekho.
I-dodo: inyoni ewumfanekiso yokushabalala
El dodo, a inyoni engenakundiza itholakala eMauritius, Yanyamalala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 ngenxa yokuzingela kanye nokwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo izifiki zaseYurophu. Namuhla, kubhekwa njengophawu lokuqothulwa okubangelwa abantu.
Ososayensi bakwazile landelanisa i-DNA yakho futhi bahlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini guqula izakhi zamajuba e-Nicobar, esinye sezihlobo zayo eziseduze, ukuze kuphinde kwakhiwe into ephilayo efana ngangokunokwenzeka ne-dodo. Lesi sithakazelo sokuvuselela izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo sisenza sicabange ngomlando wezinye izidalwa, njengalezi ezimangalisayo IPhoenix, elifanekisela ukuzalwa kabusha nokuvela kabusha. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa izilwane eziqothulwa ngumuntu nazo ezimele isifundo sokuthi yini engenzeka uma singayinakekeli indawo esihlala kuyo.
Ingwe yaseTasmania kanye nethuba lokuvuselelwa kwayo
I-marsupial eyaziwa ngokuthi Ingwe yaseTasmanian noma i-thylacine yayingesinye sezisulu zamuva zokushabalala. Umfanekiso wokugcina wafela ekuthunjweni ngo-1936 endaweni yokulondoloza izilwane e-Australia. Nokho, abanye izingcezu ze-DNA yabo ziye zalondolozwa, okushiya evulekile ithuba lokuvuselela lezi zinhlobo.
I-DNA ye-thylacine ikhonjwe njengokufana neyo I-Tasmanian devil, i-marsupial esekhona. Lokhu kuye kwavumela abacwaningi ukuthi basebenzele ukufaka izakhi zofuzo ze-thylacine ku-genome ye-Tasmanian devil ngethemba lokuzuza ukwakhiwa kabusha kofuzo okusebenzayo. Lobu budlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane buphinde bugqamise ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo emvelweni nokuthi ukungenelela okuncane kungenza umehluko, kanye nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ekulondolozweni kwemvelo. izilwane ezisengozini.
Ezinye izilwane endaweni yesayensi
- Ubhejane onoboya: Ingasekho izinkulungwane zeminyaka, lesi silwane besilokhu singakwazi ukushabalala ngenxa ye- izinsalela eqandisiwe etholakala eSiberia.
- I-bucardo: Yashabalala ngo-2000, kodwa umzamo wokuyihlanganisa ngo-2003 yaholela ekuzalweni kwesifanekiso, nakuba yasinda imizuzu embalwa kuphela.
- I-auk enkulu: Yayifana ne-penguin futhi yaxoshwa ekuqothulweni ngokuzingela ngokungakhethi.
- I-Gastric Brooding Frogs: Lawa maxoxo abenesici sokufukamela amaqanda awo esiswini futhi asanda kuba yisihloko esithi “Lazarus Project".
Ubuchwepheshe obudala ukushabalala
Ososayensi bayasebenzisa amasu amathathu ayinhloko ukuzama ukubuyisela izilwane ezingasekho ekuphileni:
- Ukwakha: I-DNA ithathwa esibonelweni esingasekho bese ifakwa eqandeni eliphilayo ohlotsheni olufanayo.
- Ukuhlela i-Gene: I-DNA yezilwane eziphilayo iyashintshwa ukuze ihlanganise nezakhi zofuzo zezinhlobo ezashabalala.
- Ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe: Izinhlobo zesimanje ziwela ukuze kubuyiselwe izici zokhokho.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe kungase kuguqule ukuqonda kwethu izakhi zofuzo zezilwane kanye nokulondolozwa kokuhlukahluka, okubalulekile futhi ocwaningweni izibankwakazi ezinezimpaphe. Kodwa-ke, kuyacaca ukuthi kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuzibophezela, njalo kucatshangelwa inhlalakahle ye Izilwane ososayensi abafuna ukuzivuselela.
Izinselele zokuziphatha kanye nezingozi
Nakuba umqondo wokuvusa izilwane ezashabalala uthakazelisa, Kunokukhathazeka okungokokuziphatha nesayensi okufanele kucatshangelwe. Lezi zilwane zizojwayela kanjani i-ecosystem yesimanje? Bayoba namuphi umthelela ezinhlotsheni zamanje? Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi le mizamo kufanele igxile kakhulu ekongeni uhlobo lwemvelo olusengozini yokushabalala esikhundleni sokuzama ukuvuselela abalahlekile. Lokhu kugqamisa isidingo sokuvikela izilwane ezisengozini, asebebhekene nezinselele kakade endaweni yabo yemvelo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe nakho kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nenhlalakahle yezilwane. Imizamo yokuhlanganisa ibonisiwe amazinga empumelelo aphansi futhi ezimweni eziningi imibungu ayiphili, okuphakamisa imibuzo ngokuziphatha mayelana nokuhlupheka okungase kuhilele le nqubo.
Amathuba okubuyisa izinhlobo ezingasekho kuyintuthuko ethokozisayo kwezesayensi, kodwa futhi kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuba nokwenzeka kwayo kanye nemiphumela. Njengoba kuthuthukiswa izindlela ezintsha nobuchwepheshe, ososayensi bazodinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela umthelela wezenzo zabo endaweni ezungezile neyokuziphatha. Ukuqedwa kokushabalala kungase kube impumelelo emangalisayo ye-biotechnology; Ukuqaliswa kwayo kufanele kube nomthwalo wemfanelo futhi kugxile ku ibhalansi ye-ecosystem yamanje.
