I-Paleontology ibhekene nenkathi yegolide. Amasu okuhlaziya athuthukile, njenge-computed tomography kanye ne-polarized light photography, avumela ososayensi ukuthi bahlole amasampula agcinwe amashumi eminyaka futhi bafinyelele iziphetho ezishintsha ngokuphelele lokho esasicabanga ukuthi sikwazi ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Akuyona nje indaba yokuthola izinsalela ezintsha, kodwa ukuhumusha kabusha ezikhona ngamathuluzi angekho ngaphambili.
Emasontweni amuva nje, kuye kwamenyezelwa ukuthi okutholakalayo okuningana, nakuba kuvela ezindaweni nasezinkathini ezahlukene kakhulu, kunento efanayo: konke kusiphoqa ukuthi sibhale kabusha izahluko ezibalulekile emlandweni wokuphila eMhlabeni. Kusukela ku-crustacean eyayiyisinambuzane empeleni kuya ku-dinosaur eyasinda ekuthelelekeni okukhulu, kanye nezinsalela ezibuyisela emuva ukubonakala kwezilwane zokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi, lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi irekhodi lezinsalela liyaqhubeka nokuveza izimanga nokuthi isayensi ayiyeki ukuthuthuka.
Ifosili yaseTexas ishintsha ubunjalo bayo
Esinye sezimo eziphawuleka kakhulu yileso se- Tesnusocaris goldichi , insalela etholakale eTexas ngo-1985 eyayibhekwa njenge-crustacean yasolwandle yasendulo iminyaka engamashumi amane. Manje, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lisebenzise amasu okuthatha izithombe zokukhanya okuphambene futhi lathola ukuthi empeleni uhlobo olusha lwezinambuzane, olubizwa ngokuthi i-Chosha praecursor . Isampula, eyaphila eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-324 edlule, igcina amabhangqa amathathu emilenze yesifuba efana nezinambuzane, kodwa futhi namabhangqa ayisishiyagalolunye engeziwe ezingxenyeni zesisu, ahlanganisa izitho ezingu-24. Lokhu kwakheka komzimba, ngokusho kwabacwaningi, kubonisa ukuthi izinambuzane zokuqala zazihlala emanzini nasemhlabeni futhi zazihlala ezindaweni ezisogwini, ngaphambi kokuthatha isimo esinemilenze eyisithupha esisaziyo namuhla.
Lolu cwaningo, olushicilelwe ku- Nature , lugcizelela ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha kwe-phylogenetic kubeka i-C. praecursor njenge-hexapod, okuqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa kwayo njengesinambuzane sokuqala esihlukanisiwe. Lokhu okutholakele akugcini nje ngokulungisa iphutha elidala amashumi eminyaka kodwa futhi kunikeza ucezu oluyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuguquka kusuka emanzini kuya ezweni kulezi zilwane ezinezinhlungu kanye nezinye izinhlobo.
Izinsalela ezivela eCanada kanye nezicubu ezithambile ezingavamile
E-Arctic yaseCanada, ithimba lezazi ze-paleontologists lithole izinsalela ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezineminyaka engu-567 million ubudala ze-White Sea Association, iqembu lezinhlobo ze-Ediacaran-period ezaziwa ngaphambilini zivela eRussia, e-Australia naseNgilandi kuphela. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqala ukuthi zivele eNyakatho Melika, futhi izinsalela zembula izilwane zasolwandle eziyinkimbinkimbi ezazivele zihamba futhi zizalana. Ukuthola ukuthi lezi zindawo zisekhona phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezinhlanu neshumi ngaphambili kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambilini, okusho ukuthi izenzakalo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezifana nokunyakaza okusebenzayo kanye nokuzala ngokocansi zase ziqalile kakade emanzini ajulile, hhayi ezindaweni ezingajulile njengoba kwakukholelwa ngaphambilini. Lokhu okutholakele, okushicilelwe ku- Nature , kusikisela ukuthi izindawo ezijulile zolwandle kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyisiqalo sempilo yezilwane eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-crinoid fossil eneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-450 ubudala, egcinwe eMontreal Museum of Paleontology and Evolution, iveze izicubu ezithambile ezingavamile: izinyawo zamashubhu, izakhiwo ezithambile ezingavami ukusinda. Lesi sibonelo, esingesikaDendrocrinus simcoensis , singesidala kunazo zonke ezinezicubu ezithambile ezigciniwe futhi sivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bafunde ukuthi lezi zihlobo ze-starfish zondla kanjani. Abacwaningi base-University of Oklahoma baqaphele lezi zakhiwo ngesikhathi bevakashele imyuziyamu, bebonisa ukubaluleka kwamaqoqo omlando.
Ikhanda elineminyaka engu-200.000 ubudala eCiudad Real
ESpain, indawo yaseLos Villares eRuidera (Ciudad Real) iveze ucezu lwekhanda lomuntu oluneminyaka engaphezu kuka-200.000 ubudala, olubizwa ngokuthi i-RVH-1. Lena yinsalela yokuqala yesikhumba yalesi sikhathi etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia, futhi isimo sayo siyamangaza: ikhombisa ubukhulu bamathambo obungavamile kanye nesimo eside, esigobile, esikude kakhulu nokuzungeza okuvamile kwamaNeanderthal angaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-3D kuyibeka ngaphakathi kobubanzi beHomo heidelbergensis , kodwa inezici ezikhumbuza izinsalela ezindala kakhulu ezivela e-Afrika naseYurophu. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvela kwe-hominid eYurophu kwathuthuka ngendlela ye-mosaic, ngezinhlobo ezihlukene kanye nezici ezahlukahlukene kakhulu.
Lokhu kutholakala, okwanyatheliswa kuyi- Journal of Human Evolution , kwenziwa ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokuqala wephrojekthi ye-First Settlers of the Upper Guadiana ngo-2023. Eceleni kogebhezi, kwatholakala izinsalela zezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-500 namathuluzi amatshe, kanye ne-molar eyaqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ungowesilisa, ngokusebenzisa i-paleoproteomics. Umqondisi-ndawonye we-Atapuerca uJuan Luis Arsuaga wagubha lokhu kutholakala, ephawula ukuthi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu imephu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yeYurophu yangaphambi kweNeanderthal.
Idayinaso eligulayo eMorella
Edolobheni laseMorella, esifundazweni saseCastellón, ithimba elivela kwi-UNED (National University of Distance Education) lithole ubufakazi bokuqala obubhaliwe bokusabela kwethambo okubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane okuvela esilondeni sesikhumba ku-tibia ye- Iguanodon bernissartensis . Le fossil, etholakale endaweni yaseMas de la Parreta, yahlolwa nge-CT eSibhedlela Esijwayelekile saseCastellón, okuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi babheke ingaphakathi lethambo ngaphandle kokulilimaza. Abacwaningi bakhiphe ukuthi akukho ukuphuka kanye namathumba, futhi baphetha ngokuthi ukuqina kwakubangelwa ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane amaningi okufana nezilonda zabantu zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-dinosaur yasinda isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba umzimba wayo ukhiqize izicubu ezintsha zamathambo, yize ukulimala kumelwe ukuba kwabangela ubuhlungu kanye nokulinganiselwa kokusebenza kwayo.
Lokhu kutholakala, okushicilelwe ku- Royal Society Open Science , kubonisa ukuthi i-paleopathology ingaveza izici zempilo nokuziphatha kwama -dinosaur eSpain okungaphezu kokwakheka kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Morella ihlanganisa isikhundla sayo njengesilinganiso saseYurophu se-Early Cretaceous, ngezingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-8.000 ezigcinwe kanye nefa elimeya, uBernabé Sangüesa, alimelelayo lemyuziyamu yesikhathi esizayo.
Uma kuhlanganiswa, lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela ukuthi ukutadisha izinsalela zasendulo kusalokhu kuwumthombo ongapheli wezimanga. Yonke inqubo entsha, ukuhlolwa kabusha kwesampula yasendulo, kungashintsha lokho esasicabanga ukuthi siyakwazi. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo akuyona umugqa oqondile, kodwa i-mosaic eyinkimbinkimbi izazi ze-paleontologists eziye zayiveza kancane kancane, ngosizo lobuchwepheshe kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwezikhungo. Futhi iSpain, enezindawo ezifana neRuidera neMorella, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi othakazelisayo.
