El Umdlavuza wamasende ungomunye wezimila ezivame kakhulu emadodeni asemasha.Kuvame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engu-15 no-40, yize kungabonakala cishe kunoma yimuphi ubudala. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, kuvame ukuba namazinga aphezulu okuphulukiswa, adlula ama-95% ezimweni eziningi, ngakho-ke ukwazi izimpawu zayo nokuthi ungawaqapha kanjani amasende akho kwenza umehluko omkhulu.
Nakuba kungekho ndlela eqinisekile yokuvimbela ukuthi kungabonakali, singenza ngezindlela ezimbili: Nciphisa izinto eziyingozi ezingashintshwa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, funda ukubona izinguquko kusenesikhathi.Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuzihlola njalo, kanye nokubonana nodokotela wezifo zomchamo ngokungangabazeki kuyizenzo ezilula ezingasindisa ukuphila ngokoqobo.
Uyini umdlavuza wamasende futhi uthinta bani kakhulu?
Umdlavuza wamasende uyisifo ukukhula okungalawulwa kwamaseli ngaphakathi kwesende elilodwa noma womabiliIzindlala ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwe-scrotum (isikhwama sesikhumba esingaphansi kwepenisi) zinesibopho sokukhiqiza isidoda kanye ne-testosterone. Nakuba imele kuphela cishe i-1% yazo zonke izimila kubantu abadalaUmdlavuza ovame kakhulu kwabesilisa abasebasha.
Imininingwane evela kumarekhodi ahlukahlukene omdlavuza ikhombisa ukuthi Amacala amaningi ayenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-39.ngenani eliphakeme elicacile eliphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 nengama-35. Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ukwenzeka kwalesi sifo kuphakathi kwamacala ama-3 kuya kwayi-10 kubantu abayi-100.000, kanti ukuthambekela kuyakhuphuka kwezinye izindawo zaseningizimu yeYurophu. ESpain, isibonelo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezifo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane ngonyaka, kanti izibalo ziseduze namacala ayi-6 kwabesilisa abayi-100.000.
Lesi simila sivame kakhulu ukubangela abantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe bohlanga lwamaCaucasianNakuba kungenzeka kunoma yiliphi iqembu lesizwe, ukwanda kokwenzeka kwalesi sifo kuye kwachazwa nasebakhulile, ikakhulukazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, yize kusalokhu kungavamile kakhulu kunasebancane.
Ngokombono wokubikezela, isimo sihle kakhulu: Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lilonke lidlula ama-95%. Uma sibheka zonke izigaba, amathuba okwelashwa angcono nakakhulu uma isimila sitholakala sitholakala kuphela e-testicle, ngaphandle kokusakazekela kwezinye izitho zomzimba.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamasende nokuthi ziziphatha kanjani
Iningi lala mathumba livela ku- amangqamuzana egciwane lesende, anesibopho sokukhiqiza isidodaKulokhu, kuvela izimila ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-germ cell, ezihlanganisa amaqembu amabili amakhulu anezindlela zokuziphatha ezihlukile kancane: ama-seminoma nama-non-seminomas.
I-Los ama-semimina Lezi zimila ngokuvamile zikhula kancane futhi zivame ukuzwela kakhulu ekwelashweni ngemisebe kanye nasekwelashweni ngamakhemikhali. Lokhu akusho ukuthi azinangozi, kodwa kunalokho zisabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni ngisho nasezigabeni ezithuthukile, okubangela amazinga azo amahle kakhulu okuphulukiswa.
I-Los hhayi ama-semimina Zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana (i-embryonic carcinoma, i-teratoma, i-yolk sac tumor, i-choriocarcinoma, phakathi kwezinye) futhi zivame ukukhula ngokushesha. Nakuba zingaba nolaka kakhulu, Futhi basabela kahle kakhulu ku-chemotherapy. Futhi ezimweni eziningi, zingalapheka ngokuphelele, noma ngabe zisakazeke ngaphandle kwesende.
Kwezinye iziguli, okulandelayo kuyatholakala: izimila ezixubileezihlanganisa izingxenye ze-seminoma kanye nezingezona ze-seminoma ngaphakathi kwesende elifanayo. Ngokuphathelene nokusabalala, umdlavuza wesende usakazeka kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-lymph node esisu kanye ne-retroperitoneal, futhi kancane kancane idlule egazini iye ezithweni ezifana namaphaphu, isibindi, ngisho nobuchopho.
Izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wamasende
Nakuba kungaziwa kahle ukuthi yini ebangela izinguquko ku-DNA yamaseli egciwane ezigcina sezibangela isimila, kunezici ezithile ezitholakele. izici ezinobungozi ezandisa amathuba wokuhlushwa umdlavuza wamasende.
Isici esisekelwe kakhulu yi- i-cryptorchidismOkusho ukuthi, uma i-testicle eyodwa noma zombili zingangeni esinqeni ngaphambi noma ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Kulezi zimo, i-testicle ingase ihlale esinqeni noma ngaphakathi esiswini, futhi ngezizathu ezingacacile kahle, Amaseli akulezi zinhlayiya asengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.Ngisho noma kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kwehliswe isende (i-orchiopexy), ingozi ihlala iphakeme kancane kunasesixukwini esivamile.
Okulandelayo nakho kunendima isizinda somuntu siqu nesomndeniUkuba nesihlobo sezinga lokuqala (ubaba, umfowethu) esinomdlavuza wamasende kwandisa ingozi, njengoba kunjalo nokuba nesimila sangaphambilini kwelinye isende. Kwezinye izimo, kuye kwabonakala imiphumela emibi. ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kanye nezifo ezithile, njenge-Klinefelter syndrome (ukuba khona kwe-chromosome X eyengeziwe), ehlotshaniswa nokuthambekela okukhulu.
Ezinye izinto ezichazwe zihlanganisa Ukutheleleka nge-HIVIzinkinga ezithile ze-gonadal, ukuchayeka kwezinye iziphazamisi ze-endocrine, noma ukwelashwa okuthile kwangaphambilini (isibonelo, ezinye izinto ezitholakala ku-platinum) kungafaka isandla kulesi simo. Ngokuvamile, eziningi zalezi zici azinakugwenywa, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.
Kufanele kucaciswe lokho Ukushaywa noma ukulimala kwamasende akukubangeli umdlavuza ngokwako.Kuvamile ukuthi amadoda ahlanganise iqhubu elitholakale ngemuva kokushaywa nokulimala, kodwa ngokuvamile umthelela umane uholele ekuhloleni indawo nokuthola inqwaba eyayivele ikhona.
Ingabe umdlavuza wamasende ungavinjelwa?
Empeleni, Akukho silinganiso esiqinisekile esivimbela ngokuphelele umdlavuza wamasendeNgenxa yokuthi lesi simila sihlobene kakhulu nezici zofuzo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamaseli egciwane, izimbangela eziningi ezingaba khona azikwazi ukuguqulwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezenzo ezithile ezisiza ekunciphiseni izingozi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukufeza ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.
Isu lokuqala elibalulekile yileli Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokulungiswa kwe-cryptorchidismNgesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kosana olusanda kuzalwa, udokotela wezingane uhlola ukuthi womabili amasende asesinqeni. Uma kungenjalo, kuvame ukuyalwa nge-ultrasound ukuthola amasende futhi kunqunywe isikhathi esifanele sokulungisa inkinga, okungcono kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthomba. Nakuba lokhu kuhlinzwa kungasusi ingozi, Iyayinciphisa futhi iphinda ikhuthaze ukubuyekezwa okulandelayo. ngoba isende liyatholakala uma liphathwa ngesandla.
Insika yesibili yokuvimbela okusebenzayo ukuzihlola kwamasende nyanga zonkeAkuvimbeli umdlavuza ukuthi ukhule, kodwa kuvumela ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwezinguquko ezisolisayo. Amadoda amaningi athola iqhubu lokuqala noma ukungajwayelekile ngokwawo lapho ezwa ipenisi yawo, ngokuvamile eshawa ngokunganaki. Uma lokhu kuba umkhuba ojwayelekile, amathuba okubona ukungajwayelekile lapho isimila sisesincane ayanda.
Kubantu abanezici eziyingozi kakhulu (i-cryptorchidism, umlando womndeni, isimila sangaphambilini, izifo zofuzo), abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuqapha okuseduze ukuhlanganisa ukuzihlola nokuhlolwa okuvamile ngudokotela wezifo zomchamo, kanye, uma kufaneleka, nokuqapha i-ultrasound.
Okokugcina, nakuba ubufakazi bungeyona into eqondile ngomdlavuza wamasende, phila impilo enempilo Kuhlala kusiza. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukungabhemi, ukulinganisela noma ukugwema utshwala, kanye nokudla ukudla okunempilo konke kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza eminingi kanye nezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
Imikhuba enempilo kanye nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha
Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo akuqinisekisi ukuthi umdlavuza ngeke uvele, kodwa kukhonjisiwe ukuthi Kunciphisa ingozi iyonke yezinhlobo eziningi zezimila. futhi kuthuthukisa isimo sempilo yomuntu lapho ebhekene nokwelashwa okungenzeka. Endabeni yomdlavuza wamasende, le mikhuba ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuvimbela umdlavuza womchamo, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wendlala yesitho sofuba kanye nesinye.
Phakathi kwamathiphu afanele kakhulu kukhona Yenza umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca njalo, gcina ukudla okunempilo, futhi ugweme ugwayi.Ukuzijwayeza ukuzivocavoca okulingene izikhathi eziningana ngesonto kusiza ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi kanye nenhlalakahle iyonke, futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinye izifo ezingaba nzima indlela yokuthola umdlavuza uma kubonakala.
Ngokuphathelene nokudla, kuyanconywa beka phambili izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, namafutha anempilo (amafutha omnqumo, amantongomane), ngenkathi kunciphisa ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, amafutha e-trans, neziphuzo ezinoshukela. Lokhu kunegalelo ekuphathweni kwesisindo okungcono, ukuncipha kokuvuvukala, kanye nokulawulwa okungcono kwamazinga ama-hormone kanye nezinto zokukhula ezingathinta amanye amathumba.
Ugwayi kanye nokuphuza utshwala obuningi kuyimikhuba emibili eyingozi empilweni. Nakuba ukuxhumana kwayo ngqo nomdlavuza wamasende kungabonakali kangako kunezinye izimila, kusobala ukuthi Zandisa ingozi yezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nokuphefumula, okungenza kube nzima ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ngamakhemikhali.
Ngaphezu kwendlela yokuphila, kubalulekile ukungawunaki ukuhlolwa nochwepheshe we-urologyNgemva kweminyaka ethile, amadoda amaningi ayahlolwa i-prostate, kodwa odokotela bezifo zomchamo nabo basebenzisa ithuba lokuhlola isimo samasende kanye ne-scrotum. Kwabesilisa abanezici noma izimpawu eziyingozi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungafaka ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe ngokomzimba, i-ultrasound yamasende, kanye nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ukuzihlola kwamasende: kungani futhi kanjani ukukwenza kahle
Ukuzihlola kwamasende kuyindlela elula noma yimuphi umuntu angayifunda futhi Kudinga imizuzu embalwa kuphela kanye ngenyangaInhloso yayo ukuqonda ukuthi amasende anjani ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ukuze kutholakale noma yiziphi izinguquko ezisolisayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Akubona bonke ochwepheshe abavumelana ngokuyincoma ngendlela ehlelekile kubo bonke abantu, ngoba izifundo azikabonisi ngokuphelele ukuthi inciphisa ukufa. Kodwa-ke, imiphakathi eminingi yesayensi kanye nochwepheshe be-urology bayibona inenzuzo. isinyathelo esinengqondo, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa abasebasha kanye nalabo abasengozini enkulu, njengoba kwenza kube lula ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi.
Isikhathi esifanele sokukwenza lokhu kuyisikhathi noma ngemva nje kwalokho ishawa noma ubhavu ngamanzi afudumele noma ashisayoUkushisa kukhulula isikhumba se-scrotum, amasende ehla kancane, futhi kuba lula ukuzwa yonke indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insipho ivumela iminwe ukuthi ishelele kalula.
Ukuze uzihlole kahle, kutuswa ukuthi usukume bese ulandela inqubo efanayo isikhathi ngasinye, ukuze yiba umkhubaOkulandelayo kuchaza izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ezichazwe yizinhlangano ezahlukene zokubhekisela:
Okokuqala, kuyasiza bheka esibukweni Uma kukhona izinguquko ezibonakalayo ngobukhulu, ukuma, noma umbala wamasende, i-scrotum, noma isikhumba esizungezile, khona-ke isende ngalinye liphathwa ngokwahlukana.
Inqubo evame kakhulu iqukethe bamba isende ngezandla zombiliBeka iminwe yakho yokukhomba neyephakathi ngaphansi kanye nesithupha sakho phezulu, bese ugoqa kancane i-testicle phakathi kweminwe yakho. Lo mkhuba ukuvumela ukuthi uhlole yonke indawo ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izigaxa eziqinile, izindawo eziqinile kunokuvamile, ukungalingani, noma ukwanda kosayizi.
Kungokwemvelo ngokuphelele lokho Isende elilodwa lingaba likhulu kancane kunelinye noma lihlale phansi kancane.Ungase futhi uqaphele isakhiwo esithambile, esifana nentambo phezulu nangemuva, i-epididymis, lapho kugcinwa khona isidoda futhi sivuthwa. Lokhu akufanele kuphazanyiswe neqhubu elingavamile.
Ngesikhathi uthinta inhliziyo, kuyalulekwa ukunaka noma iyiphi indawo ebuhlungu, isigaxa esiqinile, noma umuzwa ongavamile wokusindaAmaqhubu ahlobene nomdlavuza ngokuvamile aqinile, angangophizi noma amakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile awabangeli ubuhlungu obukhulu ekuqaleni, yize kungase kube nokungakhululeki okungaqondakali.
Ekugcineni, kuyalulekwa ukuphinda ukuhlolwa okufanayo nelinye isende. Uma kutholakala noma yimuphi umehluko ophawulekayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlolwa kwangaphambilini—njengokukhula okubonakalayo kwelinye lazo, izinguquko ekuqineni, ukubonakala kwesisindo, noma ukunqwabelana koketshezi—kuwukuhlakanipha ukwenza kanjalo. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma udokotela wezifo zomchamo ngokushesha okukhulu.Akukhona ukwethuswa yizo zonke izinto ezincane, kodwa ukungazinaki izinguquko ezicacile.
Izimpawu zomdlavuza wamasende ezigabeni zokuqala nezithuthukile
Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu somdlavuza wamasende ukuvela kwesifo iqhubu noma ubunzima kwelinye lamasendeNgokuvamile akubuhlungu noma kubangela ubuhlungu obuncane kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi, isiguli sibona ukuthi elinye lamasende likhulu, liqinile, noma linesimo esihlukile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa kuwukuphela kwesibonakaliso ezigabeni zokuqala.
Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonakale zifaka phakathi umuzwa wokusinda noma ukuqina esinqeni sesifubaLokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuvuvukala okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwe-scrotum, noma ukuba khona koketshezi oluzungeze i-testicle (hydrocele) oluvela ngokuzumayo. Ukungakhululeki okungaqondakali kungase kwenzeke nasesiswini esingezansi, embotsheni, noma emhlane ongezansi.
Kwamanye amadoda kuyabonwa ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esithweni sangasese esithintekileNakuba kungesona uphawu oluvame kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala, ubuhlungu obukhulu buvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuvuvukala noma ukugoba kwamasende, okuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha, kodwa isimila singabangela ubuhlungu obungacacile noma umuzwa wokucindezeleka.
Amanye amathumba amasende angabangela izinguquko ze-hormonalEzimweni ezithile, kukhona ukwanda kwezicubu zebele (i-gynecomastia) noma ukuqina kwebele ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone yi-tumor, okungaba uphawu olwengeziwe lwesixwayiso, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana neqhubu le-testicular.
Uma umdlavuza usesigabeni esithuthukile noma ususakazeke kakhulu, izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emhlane ongezansi Uma ama-lymph node angemuva kwesisu ethintekile, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela noma ubuhlungu besifuba lapho kukhona ukusabalala kwamaphaphu, ubuhlungu besisu obubangelwa ukubandakanyeka kwesibindi, noma ngisho nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokushintsha kwezinzwa uma isimila sesisakazekele ebuchosheni.
Ezinye izimbangela zamaqhubu noma izinguquko emasendeni
Ukuthola into engajwayelekile ngesikhathi uzihlola akusho ukuthi umdlavuza. Kunezindlela eziningi ezingenzeka. izimo ezingenobungozi eziphinde zikhiqize amaqhubu, ubuhlungu, noma izinguquko ngobukhulu emasendeni nasemasendeni, futhi okudinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile nguchwepheshe.
Lezi zimo zifaka phakathi varicocele, okuwukunwebeka kwemithambo yentambo yesidoda futhi ngokuvamile kubangela umuzwa “wesikhwama sezibungu” phezu kwesende; i-hydroceleokuhlanganisa ukunqwabelana koketshezi oluzungeze isende futhi okubangela ukwanda kosayizi wesinqe; noma ukutheleleka kwamasende kanye ne-epididymitisokuvame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu, ukubomvu kanye nokushisa kwendawo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma nge-ultrasound, kutholakala ukuthi Elinye lamasende alikwazi ukutholakala esinqeni se-scrotum, okungase kube ngenxa ye-cryptorchidism engakahlolwa noma engalungiswanga. Kulezi zimo, udokotela we-urologist uzohlola izinketho zokuphatha, njengoba ingozi yokukhula kwesimila iphezulu kula ma-testicles e-ectopic.
Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukungajwayelekile okutholakala lapho kuthinta amasende—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiqhubu, indawo eqinile, ukwanda kosayizi ngokuzumayo, noma ubuhlungu obungachazwanga ukushaywa muva nje—kufanele kubangele ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Xhumana nodokotela wezifo zomchamo ngaphandle kokulibala ngokweqileEsikhathini esiningi ngeke kube umdlavuza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuwususa.
Umdlavuza wamasende utholakala kanjani?
Inqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukuqala nge- umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimbaUdokotela uzohlola amasende, i-scrotum, isisu, kanye ne-groin ukuze athole amaqhubu, ama-lymph node akhuphukile, noma izimpawu zokusabalala. Uma kusolwa ukuthi kunesimila se-testicular, kuzokwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo.
Ithuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuqinisekisa ukusola yileli i-ultrasound yamasende noma i-ultrasound ye-scrotalLolu uhlobo lwe-ultrasound olusebenzisa izithombe olungenamisebe, alunabuhlungu futhi luyashesha, futhi luvumela ukubona ngokucacile ingaphakathi le-testicle. I-Ultrasound isiza ukuhlukanisa ukuthi isilonda siqinile (kusolakala kakhulu ukuthi sinesifo esibi) noma sinama-cystic, kanye nokuhlola ezinye izakhiwo ze-scrotum.
Kuye ngokutholakele, izicelo nazo zenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza Kuqondene ngqo nezimila zeseli legciwane, njenge-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), i-beta subunit ye-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), kanye ne-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Lezi zimpawu zinegalelo kokubili ekuxilongweni nasekuqapheni impendulo yokwelashwa.
Uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlola ubukhulu besifoNgenxa yalokhu, kwenziwa izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuthwebula izithombe, njengokuskena kwesisu, i-pelvis nesifuba nge-computed tomography (CT), ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance kwezinye izimo ezithile, futhi uma kusolwa ukuthi kusakazeka ezinye izitho zomzimba, izifundo eziqondiswe kulezo zindawo.
Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi ukuxilongwa okuqondile kutholakala ngemuva kokuhlolwa ukuhlinzwa kokususa isende elithintekile (i-radical inguinal orchiectomy), evumela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwesimila nge-microscope. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, kanye nama-biomarker kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe, isigaba sesifo siyachazwa futhi uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele luklanywe.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamasende
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wamasende yilokhu ukuhlinzwa kwe-radical inguinal orchiectomyLokhu kuhilela ukususwa okuphelele kwesende elithintekile ngokusikwa embotsheni, hhayi embotsheni yesisu. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvumela ukususwa kwesimila esiyinhloko kanye nokuqoqwa kwezicubu ukuze kuhlaziywe nge-histological, okuzonquma uhlobo kanye nezinga lomdlavuza.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa kuhambisana ukuqapha eduze, i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ukuhlinzwa okwengeziweIndlela yokwelapha incike ohlotsheni lwesimila (i-seminoma noma i-non-seminoma), isigaba, kanye nezimpawu zesimila. Kuma-seminoma asesigabeni sokuqala, ukubhekwa okusebenzayo kungacatshangelwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-orchiectomy, kanti kwezinye izimo, imijikelezo ye-chemotherapy iyanconywa ukunciphisa ingozi yokubuyela emuva.
La ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okusekelwe ku-platinum (njenge-cisplatin) ishintshe kakhulu isimo salezi zimila, yafinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphulukiswa ngisho nasezigabeni ezithuthukile noma ezinesifo esasakazeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuvame ukusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kuma-seminomas athile, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona ukubandakanyeka kwama-lymph node asendaweni.
Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi—isibonelo, izimila eziphindaphindayo, isifo esisele ngemva kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, impendulo engeyinhle ekuqaleni, noma ukubandakanyeka okukhulu—kungadingeka ukuthi usebenzise ukuhlinzwa kokusindisa noma ukususwa kwezinqwaba ezisele, okufanele kwenziwe ezikhungweni ezinolwazi oluningi lwemikhakha eminingi yomdlavuza wamasende.
Ngokuvamile, ukuphathwa kwalezi ziguli kuhilela ukubambisana odokotela bezifo zomchamo, odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza bezokwelapha, odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza ngemisebe, odokotela bezifo zemithambo, odokotela bezifo zemithambo, kanye nochwepheshe bokuzalaNjengoba abaningi balabo abathintekayo kuyizinsizwa, kungenzeka ukuthi isidoda sigcinwe ukuze kulondolozwe izinketho zokuzala esikhathini esizayo kuvame ukucatshangelwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-chemotherapy.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela futhi yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwakhe?
Kubalulekile ukunganciphisi izimpawu ezifana nokuthi amaqhubu aqhubekayo, ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, ukwanda kosayizi wesende elilodwa, noma umuzwa wokusinda njalo esinqeni sesisu. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungcono ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho oyinhloko noma ngqo nodokotela wezifo zomchamo, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi inkinga "iphele yodwa."
Ngesikhathi sokubonisana, uchwepheshe uzoqala alalele incazelo yezimpawu: ukuthi zivela nini, uma zishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma kukhona umlando womndeniUdokotela uzohlola nendawo yezitho zangasese ukuze ahlole izici zeqhubu noma olunye ushintsho olutholakele, ikakhulukazi uma isiguli sibe namasende angakavuki, ukulimala kwamuva nje, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
Kuye ngokuthi yini etholakele ngesikhathi sokuskena, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uzocela ukuhlolwa kwe-testicular Njengesinyathelo esilandelayo, njengoba kuyivivinyo eliwusizo kakhulu lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezifo ezingelapheki neziyingozi. Ezimweni eziningi, umphumela we-ultrasound unikeza ukucaca okukhulu ngokuthi ngabe ukudluliselwa ku-oncology kuyadingeka noma kuyinkinga engaphathwa ehhovisi noma ngezinye izivivinyo.
Ezimweni lapho kunokusola okukhulu ngomdlavuza, udokotela uzochaza ukuthi kudingeka ukungenelela ngokushesha okukhulu ukususa isende elithintekile nokutadisha isimila. Nakuba umqondo wokulahlekelwa isende ungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iningi lamadoda ligcina ukusebenza okuvamile kocansi kanye nama-hormone ngesende elilodwa kuphela, nokuthi izitho zokufakelwa zesende ziyatholakala kulabo abafuna ikhambi lobuhle.
Umyalezo oyinhloko ukuthi Uma kubikwa ngokushesha uphawu olusolisayo, kulapho kunezinketho eziningi zokwelapha okulula nokwelaphayo.Ukuvumela izinyanga zidlule ngenxa yamahloni noma ukwesaba kwandisa amathuba okuthi isimila sizoqhubeka futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okunamandla kakhulu.
Ukuqonda ukuthi umdlavuza wamasende uyisifo esingavamile kodwa esingelapheka kakhulu, ukwazi izici zaso eziyingozi, ukunaka izimpawu ezifana namaqhubu noma izinguquko ngobukhulu, ukuzihlola nyanga zonke, kanye nokubonisana nodokotela ngokushesha nganoma yiziphi izinkinga kuvumela amacala amaningi ukuthi atholakale kusenesikhathi. izigaba zakuqalaukwenza kube lula ukwelashwa okunamandla futhi Isibikezelo esihle kakhulu ukuze kube nempilo enhle kanye nekhwalithi yempilo yesikhathi esizayo.