El I-Smithsonian National Zoo, eWashington, ibhekene nesikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku ngokufika kwethole lendlovu lesifazane lase-Asia, uhlobo olubhalwe ohlwini njengolusengozini yokuqothulwaUkuzalwa kwephula uchungechunge lwe- cishe iminyaka engama-25 ngaphandle kokuzalwa yalolu hlobo olusesivalweni futhi lwamukelwe njengengqophamlando ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo ezithuthukiswe eNyakatho Melika, ngomthelela womhlaba wonke.
Lezi zinhlobo zemicimbi nazo zilandelwa eduze kakhulu yi- Izikhungo zaseYurophu nezaseSpain ezizinikele ezilwaneni zasendlenjengoba ama-zoo nezikhungo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo eYurophu ziyingxenye yamanethiwekhi afanayo omhlaba wonke. Icala laseWashington libhekwa njengesibonelo esisebenzayo sendlela ukuzalanisa okuthunjiweyoUma ilawulwa ngezindinganiso zesayensi, ingaba negalelo ekusaseni lezinhlobo ezisengozini enkulu.
Ukuzalwa okulindelwe iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu
Ekuseni kakhulu 2 ngoFebhuwari Yaba uphawu olubalulekile emlandweni wamuva we-zoo yaseMelika. Ngo-1:15 ngesikhathi sendawo (06:15 GMT), indlovu encane egama layo lingu Nhi LinhIntombazane eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala yabeletha ingane yayo yokuqala ngemuva kwesikhathi eside Ukukhulelwa kwezinyanga ezingu-21, isikhathi esivamile kulolu hloboUbaba ukhona spike, owesilisa oneminyaka engu-44 ubudala, owaziwa kakhulu endaweni ebiyelwe ngokuthula kwakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ingane yentombazane yayinesisindo esingaba ngu- 140 amakhilogremu kanye nokuphakama okuseduze Amasentimitha angama-98izinyathelo ezifanelana nalokho okulindelekile ku-a Ingane yendlovu yase-AsiaNgokusho kodokotela bezilwane, emahoreni ambalwa nje ngemva kokubeletha indlovu yakwazi ukuma yaqala ukuzihambela yodwa, into ebhekwa njenge- uphawu oluhle kakhulu mayelana nempilo yakho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwayo kokuqala kwemisipha yezinzwa.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezokwelapha kwenziwa esitebeleni esingaphakathi esilungiselelwe lolu hlobo lokubeletha, lapho kwatholakala khona ukuthi bobabili umama nendodakazi baveze imingcele ejwayelekile yemitholampiloNgemva kwalezi zivivinyo, bathuthelwa endaweni ethule, emboziwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala.
Okwamanje, ithole lihlala nonina ngaphansi ukubhekwa njalo yithimba lezilwane kanye nabanakekeli abakhethekileLesi simo kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba umphakathi ukwazi ukufinyelela kuso, okuyisinyathelo esihlose ukubeka phambili inhlalakahle yesilwane nokuqinisa isibopho sikamama.
Abaphathi be-zoo bakucacisile ukuthi ukuqala kwengane encane phambi kwezivakashi Ngeke kulungiswe kuze kube yilapho ochwepheshe becabanga ukuthi indlovu izinzile ngokuphelele, ijwayele indawo yayo futhi ilungele ukubhekana nomsindo nokuba khona kwabantu, into ephathwa ngokucophelela okukhulu kulolu hlobo lwezilwane.
Ukubaluleka kwesayensi kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo
Lesi sikhungo sigcizelela ukuthi lokhu kuzalwa kudlulela ngalé kwezindaba ezinhle zepaki. Ngokusho komqondisi wesikhungo, UBrandie SmithUkufika kwale nzalo “kuyimbangela yenjabulo enkulu” kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile emizamweni ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo zezindlovu zase-Asia eNyakatho Melika futhi basekela izinhlelo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo emhlabeni jikelele.
Indlovu yase-Asia ibhalwe njengo uhlobo olusengoziningenani labantu elinciphile nelihlukene ezindaweni zabo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi emazweni ase- ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-AsiaUkulahlekelwa yindawo ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu, izingxabano nemiphakathi yasemakhaya, kanye nokuzingelwa kobusela kusalokhu kuyizinto ezisongela kakhulu. Kulesi simo, wonke umuntu omusha ozalwa ngaphansi kokunakekelwa ngabantu, ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezinhlelo ezihlelwe kahle, ubhekwa njengomthombo obalulekile wokuqinisekisa [ukusinda kwabantu]. umphakathi ozinzile futhi onempilo ngokwezakhi zofuzo.
Ukubeletha kuyingxenye Uhlelo Lokusinda Kwezinhlobo kusukela ku-Association of Zoos and Aquariums, uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe oluhlanganisa ukufuywa kwezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kugwema ukuzalana okungahleliwe futhi kusebenzisa idatha yezakhi zofuzo ukunciphisa ukufuywa kohlobo olufanayo, indlela esetshenziswa futhi ku Ama-zoo aseYurophu naseSpain anezinhlobo ezifana nama-lynxes, amabhere noma ama-rhinocerose.
Namuhla, iSmithsonian National Zoo ine- umhlambi wezindlovu eziyisikhombisa zase-AsiaLeli qembu manje linabesifazane abahlanu abadala, iduna elilodwa elidala, futhi manje yinjana entsha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwenjana eqenjini kuzohamba kancane kancane, kuhlonishwe ijubane layo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nesimo senhlalo salezi zilwane, lapho abesifazane abadala bevame ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekukhuliseni amaphuphu.
Kumaqembu esayensi abesebenzisana neSmithsonian amashumi eminyaka, kokubili e-United States nase-Asia, ukuzalwa ngakunye kunikeza ulwazi olufanele mayelana ukuzala, ukuziphatha, impilo kanye nenhlalakahleLolu lwazi lwabelwana nezinye izikhungo, okuhlanganisa nezaseYurophu eziningana, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasu okuphatha lolu hlobo ezimweni ezahlukene.
Ukunakekelwa okujulile, inhlalakahle kanye nokuvalwa kwengxenye yezikhungo
Enye yezinto eziza kuqala ngemva kokubeletha ukuqinisekisa indawo ezinzile nethule kumama kanye nenjana. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Isikhungo Somphakathi Sezindlovu Izohlala ivaliwe emphakathini ngezikhathi ezithile, isinqumo esihlose ukunciphisa umsindo, izixuku kanye nanoma yimuphi umthombo ongaba khona wokucindezeleka kula masonto okuqala okuphila.
Abanakekeli baphikelela ukuthi Izindlovu zase-Asia ziyizilwane ezihlakaniphile kakhulu, ezizwelayo, futhi ezinabantungezakhiwo zomndeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezibopho ezijulile zemizwa. Kulesi simo, ukuqinisa isibopho phakathi kukaNhi Linh nendodakazi yakhe kubalulekile ekukhuleni okufanele ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo kwengane, into efinyelelwa ngesikhala esanele, imikhuba ezolile, kanye nokuqapha kwansuku zonke okungaphazamisi.
Ithimba lezilwane, kanye nochwepheshe bezokuziphatha, liqapha ngokucophelela indlela ithole elidla ngayo, elinyakazisa ngayo, nelixhumana ngayo nonina. Baphinde babheke ukuthi ingane izothambekela yini ekuboniseni isimo sengqondo esizolile, esifana neso... spike, noma ukungahlaliseki kakhulu nokusebenzayo, njengaleyo ebangelwa Nhi LinhLezi zinhlobo zokubuka, ngaphandle kokubamba iso emphakathini, zinikeza idatha ewusizo yokuvumelanisa izimo zokunakekelwa nobuntu besilwane.
Nakuba kungakabikho usuku olubekiwe lwezivakashi lokubona ilungu elisha lomhlambi, abaphathi be-zoo bayaqinisekisa ukuthi lapho isethulo senzeka, kuzokwenziwa ngazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo kanye nokulandela izinqubo ezifana nalezo ezizosetshenziswa ezikhungweni zaseYurophu ngezinhlobo ezizwelayo: ukulawulwa kwamandla, izithiyo zomzimba ezanele kanye nezikhathi zokuchayeka ezilinganiselwe.
Okwamanje, abacwaningi baseSmithsonian bayaqhubeka namaphrojekthi abo esikhathi eside ahlobene ukulondolozwa kwezindlovu endaweni yazo yemveloikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zasendaweni nezamazwe ngamazwe. Ulwazi oluqoqwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu yokusebenza nalolu hlobo lwabelwana ngalo nezikhungo zaseNyakatho Melika kanye nabalingani eYurophu nase-Asia.
Ukuhlanganyela komphakathi: ukukhetha igama lengane
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wangaphakathi, i-zoo inqume ukubandakanya umphakathi ngokusebenzisa ukuvota ku-inthanethi ukukhetha igama losana olusanda kuzalwa. Inqubo izovulwa kuze kube yilapho 13 ngoFebhuwari Futhi, ukuze uhlanganyele, umnikelo omncane we Amadola ka-5, ezinikele ngokuphelele ezinhlelweni zokulondolozwa kwezindlovu zase-Asia kanye neminye imizamo ehlobene nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Idola ngalinye elinikelwe lilingana nevoti elilodwa, ukuze abantu abanentshisekelo bakwazi Nikeza isisindo esengeziwe kunketho oyithandayo ngenkathi futhi kunikelwa ngokwezimali ekuvikelweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Lezi zinhlobo zemikhankaso yokuxhasa ngezimali kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi zivamile nasezindaweni zoo eYurophu naseSpain, lapho zisetshenziselwa khona ukuxhasa amaphrojekthi ocwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo, noma izinhlelo zemfundo.
Amagama aphakanyisiwe anokuxhumana okuqinile kwamasiko nemvelaphi kamama. Wonke aphefumulelwe yi Amagama aseVietnam, ngokuqaphela imvelaphi kaNhi Linh. Phakathi kwezinketho kukhona Thao Nhi, okungahunyushwa ngokuthi “okumnandi nokuthandekayo”; ULinh Mai, ehlotshaniswa nomqondo "womoya"; futhi I-Thuyetokusho ukuthi “iqhwa”. Kwezinye izinguqulo zokuqala, kwaxoxwa ngezinye izindlela ezine, kodwa i-zoo igxile kule nqubo kulaba bantu abathathu ababalulekile, bonke benezincazelo ezigcwele izimpawu.
Abaphathi besikhungo bayaqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwendaba enomsindo onamandla kanye nethuba lokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo esikhathini esizayo senzalo kuzokhuthaza abantu abaningi bazobandakanyeka ekongiweni kwemveloLe ndlela, ehlanganisa ukufinyelela kwabantu, isayensi kanye nokubamba iqhaza, iyabonakala nasezindaweni eziningana zezilwane zaseYurophu, lapho kuhlelwa khona imikhankaso efanayo yezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
USmith ukhombisile ukuthi unethemba lokuthi, lapho ithole lingabonakala nomhlambi, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezilwane kuzoba yisikhumbuzo esicacile sokuthi izindlovu zase-Asia ziyasebenza. izidalwa zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinezibopho zomndeni ezijulilefuthi hhayi nje okunye okukhangayo ohlwini lwezinhlobo zezilwane e-zoo.
Isilinganiso samanethiwekhi okulondolozwa kwemvelo eYurophu naseSpain
Nakuba ukuzalwa kwenzeka e-United States, leli cala lilandelwa eduze kusukela Izikhungo zezilwane zaseYurophu kanye nocwaningoPhakathi kwabo kukhona abantu baseSpain abaningana abahlanganiswe kumanethiwekhi omhlaba wonke njenge-European Association of Zoos and Aquaria. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwekazi kuvamile kumaphrojekthi endlovu, kokubili ase-Asia nase-Afrika, njengoba ukushintshana ngolwazi lwezakhi zofuzo, impilo, kanye nokuphathwa kubalulekile esu lomhlaba wonke.
EYurophu, ulwazi lukaWashington lungasebenza njengendawo yokubhekisela uma kukhulunywa ukuklama izinqubo zokuzala kanye nokunakekelwa kwezinsana ezindaweni ezigcina izindlovu zase-Asia. Izici ezifana nokulungiselela izindawo zokubopha, ukuqapha ukukhulelwa, ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwangemva kokubeletha, kanye nokuphathwa kweqembu lezenhlalo kuyahlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe ukuze kubuyekezwe izincwadi zokufundisa ezingcono kakhulu.
ESpain, ama-zoo asebenza nezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa—nakuba kungezona zonke ezinezindlovu zase-Asia—ngokuvamile avumelanisa izincomo ezivela kulezi zinhlobo zamacala nesimo sawo sendawo. Umqondo uyafana: ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokuphepha kwezilwane, ukuqina kwesayensi kanye nokuqwashisa umphakathi ukuze izindawo zingagcini ngokuba yizindawo zokubonisa, kodwa futhi zibe yizinkundla zokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nemfundo yezemvelo.
Izinhlangano zokulondolozwa kwemvelo zaseYurophu ziwazisa kakhulu amaphrojekthi, njengeSmithsonian, ahlanganisa ukuzalaniswa okusizwa ngabantu kanye izenzo ezenzeka ezweni lapho zivela khonaUkusekela ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zemvelo, ukulwa nokuzingelwa kobusela, kanye nokusebenzisana nemiphakathi yendawo. Ukuzalwa kukaWashington kuchazwa ngaphakathi kwale ngqondo "yokulwa okubili": ucwaningo ezindaweni zoo kanye nokulondolozwa kwezilwane endaweni.
Uma sibheka phambili, idatha eqoqwe kule nqubo—kusukela ekukhulelweni kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwenzalo emhlambini—izoba yingxenye yolwazi oluhlanganyelwe oluzozuza kulo. amaphrojekthi eMelika, eYurophu nase-AsiaNgakho-ke, okwenzeka endaweni ethile kugcina kuthonya izinqumo ezenziwa ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ukusuka lapho.
Ukuzalwa kwale ndlovu eWashington, ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamashumi amabili nanhlanu ngaphandle kokuzalwa kwezinhlobo zayo e-zoo, kube yisibonelo esisebenzayo sendlela ukuhlanganiswa kwesayensi, ukuhlela isikhathi eside kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi kungaqinisa ngayo ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo ezisengozini, umyalezo ophinde uzwakale eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho kugxilwa khona kakhulu kumaphrojekthi anikeza imiphumela ebonakalayo yokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle.
