Phakathi kwamabili odlule, ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla okungu-5,9 Yanyakazisa iningizimu ye-Italy ngesiqalo sayo oLwandle i-Tyrrhenian, ogwini lwase-Italy. IGulf of Naples kanye nesiqhingi saseCapriUkuzamazama komhlaba, okwaqoshwa ngo-00:03 ngesikhathi sendawo, kwavuselela ngokushesha izinqubo zokulawula ingqalasizinda futhi kwadala ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabantu, yize kungekho monakalo noma ukulimala okubikiwe.
Ngokusho kwedatha yokuqala esemthethweni evela ku- I-National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology of Italy (INGV)Lesi senzakalo senzeke ngokujula okukhulu kakhulu, cishe Amakhilomitha angu-414 ngaphansi komhlabaLesi sici, esingavamile kule ndawo, sichaza ukuthi kungani ukuzamazama komhlaba kwazwakala kabanzi kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakunamandla amancane okubhubhisa ezindaweni ezihlalwa ngabantu.
Isiqalo soLwandle iTyrrhenian kanye nobukhulu bokuzamazama komhlaba
Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwaqala e- ULwandle iTyrrhenian, ogwini lwaseCampaniaeduze kakhulu neGulf of Naples. Izibalo zokuqala zibeka indawo eyinhloko ku- cishe amakhilomitha ayi-10 ukusuka e- Isiqhingi saseCapri kakade cishe amakhilomitha ayi-8 ukusuka edolobheni lase I-Anacapri, enkabeni yendawo yezivakashi yaseMedithera.
Ngokusho kolwazi olukhishwe yi- Igumbi le-INGV Seismic eRomaUkuzamazama komhlaba kwatholakala ngokushesha futhi kwatholakala endaweni engaphansi kakhulu kwezindawo lapho ukunyakaza okuningi kokuzamazama komhlaba kwase-Italy kuvame ukuqala khona, okuvame ukugxila oqweqweni olungaphezulu.
Igagasi lokuzamazama komhlaba lasakazeka kulo lonke izwe. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwazwakala e- INaples nendawo yayo yedolobhaku I-Sorrento Peninsula futhi i Ugu lwe-Amalfi, kanye nasezingxenyeni zogu lwaseTyrrhenian lwase CalabriaNgakolunye uhlangothi, imibiko nayo yafika ivela ogwini lwase- Lazio, Tuscany futhi ngisho I-Liguriaokunikeza umbono wobubanzi bendawo yalesi simo.
Naphezu kwalolo lwazi olubanzi, Akukho monakalo obonakalayo noma womuntu siqu obikiweIziphathimandla Zokuvikela Umphakathi eCampania ziqinisekisile ukuthi akukho mibiko yokudilika komhlaba noma ukulimala okwamukelwe ngobusuku obubodwa emadolobheni aseduze nendawo eyinhloko yenhlekelele, okuhlanganisa iCapri ne-Anacapri.
"Ukuzamazama komhlaba okumangalisayo" kwezakhamuzi zaseCapri
Ukujula okukhulu kwalesi senzakalo kuholele ekutheni ezinye izikhulu zendawo zisichaze cishe ngokuthi "ukuzamazama komhlaba okungaqondakali"Umeya wase-Anacapri ngokwakhe uchazele abezindaba base-Italy ukuthi, kulesi siqhingi, akekho owazizwa ngokusobala ukuzamazama nokuthi Izakhamuzi eziningi zezwa ngokuzamazama komhlaba lapho zivuka futhi zifunda izindaba emaphephandabeni nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
Lo mehluko phakathi ubukhulu obuphezulu kakhulu (5,9) futhi umbono ophansi wendawo ubangelwa umphumela ongokwenyama owaziwa kakhulu yizazi ze-seismologist: Ukujula okukhulu kunciphisa ukuqina kokunyakaza komhlabathi eduze kobuso, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amathuba okulimala kwezakhiwo kanye nengqalasizinda.
Noma kunjalo, emadolobheni afana INaples, iSalerno, noma izindawo ezahlukene eningizimu nasenkabeni ye-Italy Abanye abantu babike ukuthi baqaphela ukunyakaziswa okuncane kwezibani, ukudlidliza kwengilazi, noma umuzwa wesikhashana wokuzizwa benesiyezi. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho mibiko yokwesaba okukhulu noma ukususwa kwabantu abaningi.
Ukubambezeleka nokuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi yezitimela zase-Italy
Omunye wemiphumela ebonakala kakhulu yokuzamazama komhlaba wenzeka e- ezokuthutha ngesitimela eningizimu ye-ItalyNgemva kwezinqubo zokuphepha, i-Italian Railway Network (RFI) yanquma ukunciphisa isivinini sezitimela endaweni yaseNaples ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwemigwaqo, amabhuloho kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda.
Leso sinqumo sokuvimbela saholela ukubambezeleka okukhulu kwezinsizakalo zebanga elide neliphakathiIzitimela ezisuke enyakatho zisuka Isiteshi Esiphakathi saseSalerno nesaseNaples Ukulibaziseka kufinyelele kumaminithi ayi-100. Rome TerminiEsiteshini esikhulu senhloko-dolobha yase-Italy, kumenyezelwe izinguquko kumashejuli, ukukhanselwa ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokubambezeleka okufika kumaminithi angu-140 ezitimeleni eziya eningizimu.
Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlola ubusuku bonke, ochwepheshe be-RFI babike ukuthi Akukho monakalo wesakhiwo otholiwe kunethiwekhi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ithrafikhi yesitimela yaqala ukubuyela esimweni sayo esijwayelekile kancane kancane, kulindeleke ukuthi ikwazi ukuqeda konke ukubambezeleka usuku lonke.
Kusuka ku Ukuvikelwa Komphakathi kweCampania Kwagcizelelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kwalezi zinqubo ezizenzakalelayo kuyingxenye yesu lokuvimbela ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, noma ngabe, njengakulesi simo, ukujula kwesikhungo somoya esingaphansi komhlaba sekuvele kukhombe engcupheni ephansi kakhulu engqalasizinda.
Isenzakalo esingavamile sokuzamazama komhlaba ogwini lwaseCampania
Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-INGV, ukuzamazama komhlaba okuqoshwe eGulf of Naples kuyisiqephu "akuvamile neze" kule ndawoIsici esiyingqayizivele salesi senzakalo siseqinisweni lokuthi Isikhungo somoya sasitholakala ngaphansi kakhulu kwezindawo ezivamile zokuzamazama komhlaba kusuka e-Italy, ukusuka endleleni evamile yokuzamazama komhlaba okungajulile.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuningi okuthinta indawo yase-Italy kuvela e- ungqimba oluphezulu loMhlabaUkuzamazama komhlaba kuvame ukwenzeka ekujuleni okusukela kumakhilomitha ambalwa kuya kwamashumi amaningana. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwangobusuku obudlule kugasele ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-400, esifundeni sangaphakathi seplanethi lapho kusebenza khona izindlela ezahlukene zokwenza izinto.
I-INGV ichaze ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezehlakalo ezijulile zihlobene nokuba khona, esigqokweni soMhlaba, kwe-a "i-slab" ye-lithosphere yolwandle enkambisweni yokwenziwa kabushaOkusho ukuthi, ingxenye yepuleti le-tectonic ebilokhu icwila ngaphansi koLwandle i-Tyrrhenian izigidi zeminyaka. Lesi simo sidala uhlobo oluthile lokuzamazama komhlaba, oluvame kakhulu ogwini lwase- ICalabria neSicilykodwa akuvamile kakhulu ogwini lwaseCampania.
Eminyakeni engama-40 edlule, okulandelayo kuye kwaqoshwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okujulile okuningana okubalulekile oLwandle iTyrrhenian oluseningizimu, ngobukhulu eduze noma ngaphansi kancane kuka-6Phakathi kwazo, izenzakalo ezilandelayo zivelele: 28 Okthoba ka-2016 (ubukhulu obungu-5,8 ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angu-481), lowo 29 Okthoba ka-2006 (ubukhulu obungu-5,8 kumakhilomitha angu-221) kanye nowesibili Novemba 3 we-2010 (ubukhulu obungu-5,4 kumakhilomitha angu-506). Muva nje, ngobusuku bango-Okthoba 26-27, 2023, ukuzamazama komhlaba okujulile okungu-4,2 kwaqoshwa eNhlonhlweni yaseSorrentine.
Isizinda somlando oLwandle iTyrrhenian kanye neGulf of Naples
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-5,9 ngobukhulu eGulf of Naples kuyingxenye ye- uchungechunge olude lomlando lokuzamazama komhlaba okujulile oLwandle iTyrrhenianezinye zazo zinamandla aphawulekayo. I-INGV ngokwayo ikhumbula ukuthi isibonelo esiseduze kakhulu kule ndawo siqala emuva ku- December 27 we-1978, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-5,9 ngobukhulu nakho kwaqoshwa ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-392, ogwini lomuzi waseGaeta.
Okuphawuleka nakakhulu yindaba ye- ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu okukhulu kwenzeka ngo-1938 oLwandle iTyrrhenian, oluchazwe ezincwadini zesayensi ngobukhulu obulinganiselwa phakathi kuka-6,8 no-7,1. Lungenye yezindawo imicimbi enamandla kakhulu yokuzamazama komhlaba kukhathalogi yomlando wase-ItalyKodwa-ke, ukujula komlilo kunciphisa amandla awo okubhubhisa ebusweni.
Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi, esimweni saseMedithera, Akuzona zonke izinhlekelele ezinkulu ezibangela ukuzamazama komhlaba.Ukujula kwe-hypocenter, uhlobo lwedwala lapho amagagasi edlula khona, kanye nebanga eliya ezindaweni ezihlalwa abantu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni umthelela wangempela wesenzakalo ngasinye.
Kulokhu, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeke endaweni yonke Izindawo ze-Phlegraean, indawo enkulu, esebenzayo yentaba-mlilo esentshonalanga yeNaples futhi ebhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziyingozi kakhulu eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, i-INGV ibilokhu igcizelela ukuthi Akukho ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kokuzamazama komhlaba okujulile kanye nezimo zezintaba-mlilo noma ze-bradyseismic. ezithinta leyo ndawo ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kungani cishe kungekho muntu owakuzwayo naphezu kobukhulu bawo?
Omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ube Kungani ukuzamazama komhlaba okucishe kube ngu-6 magnitude kungazange kuzwakale kahle? endaweni lapho yaqala khona. Impendulo ilele ekuhlanganiseni kokujula okukhulu kanye nokusabalala kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba nge-mantle.
Ngokwesimo esingokoqobo, ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-5,9 ngobukhulu obungaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-400 kuholela ekunyakazeni komhlaba okuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi ukudlidliza okuncane kanye nokunyakaza okuphakathiphansi kakhulu kunalezo ezingadalwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla afanayo okugxile ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 noma ayi-15.
Ochwepheshe abavela kwi-INGV nakwezinye izinsizakalo ze-geological bachaza ukuthi lapho i-hypocenter ijula, Ibanga elikhulu elihanjwa amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba kuze kube yilapho ifika ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Ngale ndlela, amandla ayahlakazeka futhi anciphe, okunciphisa ukusheshisa komhlabathi, ngakho-ke, amathuba omonakalo.
Ngokumangalisayo, lokho kujula okufanayo kunegalelo ekutheni ukuzamazama komhlaba kungakwazi wezwa amakhulu amakhilomitha ukusuka endaweni eyinhloko ngamandla aphansi kodwa abonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwatholakala izixwayiso ezivela ezindaweni ezikude njengase- Rome, Ancona, Florence, Bologna, Padua, Trento, Milan noma La Speziangesikhathi beseCapri noma eNaples abantu abaningi babengaqapheli nokuthi kwenzekeni.
Impendulo yesikhungo kanye nokuxhumana eCampania
Ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, iziphathimandla zase-Italy zaqala ngokushesha ukusebenza izindlela zokuxhumanisa eziphuthumayoENaples, iSikhungo Sokuxhumanisa Usizo sahlangana, sabizwa yiPrefecture, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezikhulu ezivela kwi-INGV, i-Civil Protection yesifunda, omeya bomasipala basogwini kanye nabasogwini, amabutho amaphoyisa, i-Coast Guard, izinsizakalo zezempilo, abamele iDolobha LaseMetropolitan kanye nezinye izinhlaka ezibalulekile.
Ngesikhathi somhlangano kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba, okwenzeke e- cishe amakhilomitha angu-414 ukujula, yayingazange ikhiqize imiphumela engabangela umonakalo Akukho emadolobheni noma ezindaweni ezisogwini. Omasipala basemadolobheni asogwini kanye naseziqhingini zaseGulf of Naples baqinisekisile ukungabikho komonakalo ezakhiweni zomphakathi, emakhaya, noma engqalasizinda ebalulekile.
Noma kunjalo, iSifundazwe sigcizelele ukuthi izoqhubeka nokuqapha isimo njalo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokudilika komhlaba okungenzeka ezindaweni ezikude ogwini nasemaweni, imisebenzi i-Port Authority eqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi wokuhlola ogwini lolwandle.
Okwamanje, omasipala bendawo abaningana endaweni basebenzise leli thuba buyekeza izinhlelo zabo zokuvikela umphakathi zikaMasipalaukufaka noma ukubukeza izingxenye ezihlobene nengozi ye-tsunami kanye nezinqubo zokuphuma uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo sokuzamazama komhlaba noma sentaba-mlilo.
Isikhumbuzo sengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba eningizimu yeYurophu
Nakuba ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-5,9 ngobukhulu eGulf of Naples kungazange kubangele monakalo, Umthelela wayo ongokomfanekiso nobuchwepheshe ubalulekile. e-Italy kanye naseningizimu yeYurophu iyonke. Lesi siqephu siphinde sigqamise ukuthi izwe lisesimeni esiyinkimbinkimbi se-tectonic, lapho kuhlangana khona amaphutha asebenzayo, izindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nezindawo ezinezintaba-mlilo eziyingozi kakhulu.
Idatha evela ku-INGV ikhombisa ukuthi, ngonyaka odlule kuphela, [inani] libhalisiwe e-Italy izinkulungwane zokuzamazama komhlaba okunobukhulu obuhlukahlukeneNgokwesilinganiso semicimbi engaba ngu-43 ngosuku, cishe eyodwa njalo ngemizuzu engu-33. Iningi layo liphansi kakhulu futhi alinakwa, kodwa iphesenti elincane lifinyelela ubukhulu obungazwakala ngabantu.
Ngo-2025, babalwa esifundeni sase-Italy kanye nolwandle oluseduze. Ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-21 okunobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-4,0 no-4,9Ezingu-16 zazo zisezweni noma emanzini aseduze. Azikho ezadlula leso silinganiso, okuqinisa umqondo wokuthi Iziqephu ezifana ne-5,9 eGulf of Naples azivamilekodwa akuyona into engavamile ngaphakathi kwezikhathi zesikhathi eside zeMedithera ephakathi.
Emazweni afana neSpain noma amanye amazwe esifundeni saseMedithera, lolu hlobo lomcimbi lusebenza njenge isikhumbuzo sesidingo sokuqhubeka nokutshala imali ekuqapheni ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuvuselelwa kwemithethonqubo yokwakha kanye nezinhlelo eziphuthumayo ezihlelwe ezingeni laseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ezinefa elibalulekile lomlando.
Ekugcineni, ukuzamazama komhlaba okujulile ngaphansi kweGulf of Naples kusebenze cishe njenge- ukulingiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwezinhlelo zokuxwayisa nokuphendula: isixwayiso esiqinile somsebenzi ofihliwe ngaphansi koLwandle iTyrrhenian, kodwa ngomphumela omuhle njengoba ungazange ubangele umonakalo, okusivumela ukuthi sihlaziye ngokuthula ukuthi yini eyenziwa kahle nokuthi yiziphi izici ezisekhona indawo yokuqinisa ukuvimbela kanye nokuqina ekulweni nokuzamazama komhlaba kwesikhathi esizayo.
