IBarcelona ingenye yalawo madolobha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvakashela kangaki, ahlala enokuthile okwengeziwe okukugcinele kona. Iphakathi koLwandle iMedithera kanye nohla lwezintaba zaseCollserola, i- idolobha laseBarcelona Ihlanganisa umlando weminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, impilo yamasiko engapheli kanye nesigqi sasemadolobheni esikudonsela ekuhambeni kokuqala.
Waziwa ngokuthi BarcelonaEyaziwa ngokuthi "iCap i casal" noma nje "iBarna," inhloko-dolobha yaseCatalan iyinjini yezomnotho ngasikhathi sinye, umbukiso wezakhiwo, indawo yokuvakasha, kanye nelebhu eshintsha izitayela. Kusukela emanxiweni aseBarcino yasendulo kuya ezakhiweni eziphakeme zesifunda saseFòrum, kanye ne- Isimanje sikaGaudà Futhi kusukela emidlalweni yama-Olympic, idolobha belilokhu lizivuselela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuntu balo baseMedithera, obuvulekile nobunonya.
Idatha ejwayelekile kanye nesimo sedolobha laseBarcelona
La idolobha laseBarcelona Iyinhloko-dolobha yaseCatalonia, isifundazwe saseBarcelona, ​​​​kanye nesifunda saseBarcelonès. Indawo yayo kamasipala ihlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-101 futhi itholakala cishe olwandle, ukuphakama okumaphakathi okungamamitha ayi-13, yize ngaphakathi kukamasipala, ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 kufinyelelwa eTibidabo.
ngokuthile okungaphezu kwalokho Abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,7 Njengoba inabantu abayi-1,000 ngaphakathi kukamasipala kanye nabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingu-5,8 endaweni yayo enkulu yedolobha, ingenye yezindawo zasemadolobheni ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu e-European Union. Idolobha lakhiwe ngendlela ehlangene, lapho impilo yasendaweni, izitolo zasendaweni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwendawo yomphakathi kuyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke.
IBarcelona iphakathi kwamadolobha aphezulu aseYurophu ngokwe-GDP yedolobha, kanye umnotho ohlukahlukene kakhulu Ihlanganisa imboni ethuthukisiwe, izinsizakalo, ezokuthutha, ezezimali, ucwaningo, amasiko kanye nezokuvakasha. Futhi iyindawo ehamba phambili yaseSpain yasemadolobheni yezivakashi zamazwe ngamazwe, enamashumi ezigidi zokuhlala ubusuku bonke minyaka yonke.
Ixhunywe yimigwaqo emikhulu, isitimela esisheshayo, elinye lamachweba anamandla kakhulu eMedithera kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza iJosep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat, idolobha lisebenza njenge isikhungo sokuxhumana esiyinhloko phakathi kweSpain, iFrance kanye neYurophu yonke, futhi njengendlela yokungena kwamanye amazwekazi.
Indawo, ukuma kwendawo kanye nemvelo yeBarcelona
Idolobha laseBarcelona litholakala endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi Ithafa laseBarcelonaIndawo encane kakhulu ephakathi kogu kanye nezintaba zaseCollserola. Eningizimu ihlukaniswe yi-delta yaseLlobregat, enyakatho ngumfula iBesòs, kanye nasentshonalanga yizintaba zokuqala ze-Coastal Range, lapho kutholakala khona iCollserola Natural Park.
Isikhungo somlando sitholakala eduze kwentaba encane, i- INtaba iTaberOkwamanje, endaweni eseduze nentaba, kuvela amagquma manje asesemadolobheni amaningi noma aguqulwe abe amapaki: iCarmelo, iTuró del Putxet, iRovira, iMonterols, kanye neTuró de la Peira. Ngaseningizimu, kuvele intaba yaseMontjuïc, ibhaluni elibheke ichweba kanye nendawo yezinqaba, izingadi kanye nezindawo zama-Olympic.
Ugu lolwandle lushintshe kakhulu phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Izindawo ezifana neBarceloneta noma ingxenye yolwandle lwamanje zithathwa kabusha olwandle ngenxa yamanzi agelezayo, agcwalisiwe, kanye nokuqongelela kwezihlabathi ezivela emifuleni yasogwini. Yini manje eyibhishi lasemadolobheni Kwake kwaba nezindawo zokupaka noma ngisho nolwandle oluvulekile.
I-Barcelona imngcele nomasipala abahlangana nendwangu yayo yasemadolobheni, njenge-L'Hospitalet, i-El Prat, i-Esplugues, i-Santa Coloma noma i-Sant Adrià , okwenza ukuqhubeka kwe-metropolitan. Ngase-Colserola, amadolobha afana ne-Vallvidrera, i-Les Planes noma i-Santa Creu d'Olorda ayingxenye yendawo kamasipala kodwa agcina umlingiswa oluhlaza futhi ohlakazeke kakhulu.
Isimo sezulu saseMedithera namabhishi asemadolobheni
Isimo sezulu saseBarcelona sisemngceleni phakathi iMedithera efudumele kanye nesimo sezulu esithambile nesinomswakama esingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo. Empeleni, lokhu kuhunyushwa ebusika obuphakathi nendawo, ihlobo elishisayo, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku.
NgoJanuwari, inyanga ebanda kakhulu, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile edolobheni eliyisicaba ligubha cishe ngo-12°C; amaqhwa awavamile enkabeni yedolobha, futhi iqhwa livame ukwenzeka kuphela ezindaweni eziphakeme, njenge-Fabra Observatory, ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-400. Ngezinye izikhathi, iqhwa elinzima liyaqoshwa, njengalelo lango-1962 noma ngoMashi 2010, elalimboze ngisho nezindawo zasemadolobheni eziningi ngombala omhlophe.
Ihlobo, ikakhulukazi u-Agasti, lingaba nzima kulabo abangajwayelene nalo: amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo aseduze no-29°C, amazinga okushisa aphansi angaphezu kuka-20°C, kanye umuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya kuvame kakhulu ngenxa yomswakama wasolwandle. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka liphansi kakhulu, cishe li-15°C, ngenxa yomphumela wokulinganisela wolwandle.
Imvula emaphakathi icishe ibe ngu-600 mm ngonyaka, kanti imvula ecacile iphakama ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, lapho iziqephu zemvula enkulu zingaletha ngaphezu kuka-100 mm ngosuku olulodwa. Intwasahlobo kanye nokuqala kwehlobo komile, kanti uJulayi ungenye yezinyanga ezomile kakhulu.
Ukuvuselelwa kogu lolwandle lweMidlalo Yama-Olimpiki ka-92 kwaguqula ngokuphelele ulwandle. Namuhla, iBarcelona iyaziqhenya amabhishi ayisishiyagalolunye asemadolobheni kanye nendawo yokugeza enwebeka cishe amakhilomitha angu-4,2: ukusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho, iSan Sebastián, iSan Miguel, iBarceloneta, iSomorrostro, iNova Icà ria, iBogatell, iMar Bella, iNova Mar Bella, iLlevant kanye nendawo yokugezela ye-Fòrum, enengxenye ethile yobunqunu e-Mar Bella.
Umsuka wegama, izimpawu kanye nengubo yezingalo zedolobha
Imvelaphi eqondile yegama elithi "Barcelona" isalokhu impikiswano. Imivubukulo ibhale phansi ifomu I-Barkeno ezinhlamvu zemali zase-Iberia zekhulu lesi-3 BC, ezihlotshaniswa nabantu baseLaietanian. Ukusuka lapho, igama eliphambili lavela ngezindlela ezahlukene zesikhathi esidlule njengeBarchinona noma iBarchelona.
Imibono yomlando ihambisana nezinganekwane ezigxile kakhulu emcabangweni wendawo. Omunye uthi ukusungulwa kwedolobha kwabangelwa uHamilcar Barca noma indodana yakhe uHannibal ngesikhathi seMpi yamaPunic; omunye ulandisa ngendlela uHercules athola ngayo umkhumbi wesishiyagalolunye wama-Argonauts uphahlazeke eduze kweMontjuïc yanamuhla futhi, ethakazeliswe yindawo, waphefumulela ukudalwa kwedolobha elisha elibizwa ngokuthi I-Barcanona.
Ngaphandle kwenganekwane, okubhaliwe ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokuhlala ibe yikoloni yamaRoma ngegama elithi Colonia Iulia Augusta Paterna Faventia BarcinoIvikelwe nguJulius Caesar no-Augustus. Emakhulwini eminyaka, leli gama lathatha isimo sesimanje seBarcelona, ​​​​nakuba ukuphindaphindwa kwalezo zinhlobo zasendulo kusalokhu kusemibhalweni nasezindabeni zomlando.
El I-Barcelona crestIngubo yezikhali, okungenani kusukela ngo-1329, ihlanganisa iSiphambano saseSaint George (isiphambano esibomvu ngemuva okumhlophe) nemigoqo emine ebomvu yendabuko ngemuva okugolide, exhunywe neNdlu yase-Aragon kanye neSifunda saseBarcelona. I-blazon ihlelwe yaba izingxenye ezine ezinemiqhele eshintshanayo, okubonisa indima yomlando yedolobha ngaphakathi kweCrown of Aragon.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuye kwasetshenziswa izinguqulo ezilula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobushiqela bukaFrancoist, lapho inani lemigoqo kwikota ngayinye lancishiswa. Impikiswano ngesimo esifanele yakhuthaza inqubo yokumiswa kwezimpawu ezihambisana ne-herald kanye ne-vexillological ngawo-1990, okwaholela ekwamukelweni okusemthethweni kwezimpawu ezithembeke kakhulu emasikweni omlando, kokubili embathweni wezikhali kanye nasefulegini.
Idolobha elinomlando weminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezine
Ukuba khona kwabantu endaweni yaseBarcelona yanamuhla kuye kwabhalwa phansi kusukela I-Neolithicenezindawo zemivubukulo ezindaweni zaseRaval naseSagrera. Kodwa-ke, izakhamuzi zokuqala ezaziwa njengenhlangano ehlelekile kwakunguLaietani, abantu base-Iberia ababehlala kule ndawo yogu lwaseCatalan ngaphambi kokufika kwamaCarthagini namaRoma.
Ngemva kweMpi yamaPunic, iRoma yagcina ithathe umbuso wesifunda. Phakathi kuka-15 no-10 BC, ikoloni [elingacacile] lahlanganiswa. UjinjaEkuqaleni yayixhunywe nesikhungo sezempi futhi kamuva yaba yindawo yokuhweba, yayibiyelwe ngodonga ngekhulu loku-1 futhi yayinabantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngekhulu lesi-2. Ukuhlelwa kwe-cardo ne-decumanus, kanye nengxenye yezindonga, kusabonakala eGothic Quarter yanamuhla.
Ngokuwa koMbuso, amaVisigoth ahlala edolobheni, elaba inhloko-dolobha yezindawo zawo zaseHispanic okwesikhashana. Kamuva, ngekhulu lesi-8, amaSulumane angena enhlonhlweni futhi iBarcelona yafakwa e-al-Andalus, kwaze kwaba yilapho amabutho kaLouis the Pious eyihlanganisa ne- UMashi waseCarolingian Hispanic ngonyaka we-801.
Izifunda zaseCatalan zathola ukuzimela kancane kancane, futhi idolobha laba inhloko-dolobha yeSifunda saseBarcelona, ​​​​isikhungo samandla ezepolitiki nezentengiselwano ayekhula ngamandla entshonalanga yeMedithera. Phakathi kwekhulu le-13 nele-14, iBarcelona yayiyichweba elisezingeni eliphezulu ngaphakathi kweCrown of Aragon, yize yayincintisana ngokungalingani neziqhwaga ezifana neGenoa neVenice.
Inkinga yasekupheleni kwenkathi ephakathi, ukungezwani neCastile, ukuvukela kwamaCatalan, kanye neMpi Yokulandelana KwaseSpain, kanye nokuvinjezelwa kuka-1714 kanye nokwakhiwa kwenqaba yezempi, kwaphawula i- isikhathi eside sokwehla kwezikhungo, kwezilimi, nakwezomnotho. Kwaze kwaba yinguquko yezimboni, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi ikakhulukazi ngekhulu le-19, lapho idolobha laphinde lathola khona amandla.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, ukwanda kanye nemibukiso yomhlaba wonke
IBarcelona yayiyiphayona e- ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwezwekazi laseYurophuikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezindwangu zikakotini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemali yendawo, ukuhweba kwamakoloni (okuhlobene kakhulu neCuba), kanye nenani elikhulu labasebenzi kwakhuthaza amafektri, amakoloni ezimboni, kanye nesigaba esisha sobunxiwankulu esasizoshintsha kakhulu indawo yasemadolobheni.
Ukubhidlizwa kwezindonga ngo-1854 kanye nokuvunyelwa koHlelo lweCerdà ngo-1859 kwavula ithuba lokuthola indawo edumile I-Eixample, ukunwetshwa okuqondile kwemigwaqo ebanzi kanye nama-chamfers axhumanisa idolobha elidala namadolobha amadala njengeGrà cia, iSants, iSant Andreu noma iSant MartÃ, manje esehlanganiswe ngokugcwele njengezindawo zokuhlala.
Ukuhlanganiswa komasipala abangomakhelwane ngo-1897 kwavumela ukukhula okuhleliwe, nakuba kwakungengenxa yokungezwani komphakathi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, iBarcelona yabamba imicimbi emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe eyaqinisa ukwenziwa kwayo kwesimanje: i-Universal Exposition ka-1888 kanye ne-International Exposition ka-1929 kwakuyizindawo zokwelapha zasemadolobheni nezakhiweni.
Kusukela kulawo mashumi eminyaka imisebenzi efana ne- Parc de la CiutadellaI-Arc de Triomf, ingxenye enkulu yentaba iMontjuïc, iNational Palace (manje eyi-MNAC), uMthombo Womlingo, kanye nePoble Espanyol. I-Modernism nayo yasungulwa njengesitayela esichazayo, noGaudÃ, uDomènech i Montaner, noPuig i Cadafalch njengabantu abaphambili kuyo.
Ingxenye yesithathu yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 yaphawulwa ukukhula komnotho, iziyaluyalu zabasebenzi, ukuguquguquka kwamasiko, kanye, ekugcineni, umthelela omubi weMpi Yombango. Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu, ukucindezelwa kwamaFrancoist, kanye nombuso wobushiqela owalandela kwawucindezela kakhulu umuzi amashumi eminyaka, yize ukukhula kwentuthuko kwawo-1960 kwaheha amagagasi amasha okufuduka futhi kwaqinisa isisekelo sawo sezimboni.
Ushintsho lwentando yeningi, iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki kanye nedolobha lomhlaba wonke
Ngokushona kukaFranco nokubuyiselwa kombuso wokuzibusa waseCatalan, iBarcelona yangena esigabeni esisha sezepolitiki nesasemadolobheni. Amakhansela amadolobha entando yeningi akhethe ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yomphakathi, ukusatshalaliswa kwezifunda kanye nenqubomgomo yamasiko eqinile.
Iphuzu elikhulu lokuguquka kwaba 1992 OlympicsIdolobha lawina lo mncintiswano ngo-1986 futhi lasebenzisa lo mcimbi ukwenza ushintsho olukhulu: ukuvula olwandle ngamabhishi amasha kanye ne-Olympic Port, ukwakha imigwaqo eyindilinga, ukuthuthukisa isikhumulo sezindiza kanye nechweba, ukulungisa ingqalasizinda yezemidlalo kanye nokuvuselela izindawo ezizungezile ezifana ne-Olympic Village noma i-Vall d'Hebron.
Izakhiwo zama-Olympic eMontjuïc—iLluÃs Companys Stadium, iPalau Sant Jordi, amachibi okubhukuda asePicornell, kanye namachibi okuntywila—kanye ne-Olympic Ring kwaba yizimpawu zansuku zonke ngemva kweMidlalo. Ifa lasemadolobheni kanye nokuvezwa kwabezindaba kwaqinisa Umkhiqizo waseBarcelona njengendawo yokuvakasha kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali.
Ekhulwini lama-21, idolobha liqhubekile nokutshala imali kumaphrojekthi amakhulu okuvuselela: isifunda sama-22@ ePoblenou esizosingatha izinkampani zobuchwepheshe nolwazi, i-Universal Forum of Cultures ka-2004 kanye nokuguqulwa kabusha kogu lwaseBesòs, kanye nokwelulwa kwe-Diagonal olwandle kuyizibonelo ezithile.
Inkinga yezezimali yango-2008 yathinta kakhulu, yandisa ukungasebenzi kanye nokungaqiniseki, futhi yakhuthaza ukunyakaza kwezakhamuzi njenge-15-M. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kokuhlukana kwamaCatalan kwaguqula imigwaqo yaseBarcelona yaba yindawo yemibhikisho emikhulu kokubili yokusekela kanye neyokulwa nokuhlukana, okubonisa impilo yezepolitiki enamandla nehlukene kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sezepolitiki, ukuphatha kanye nezifunda
Izigaba eziningana zokuphatha ziyahlangana eBarcelona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Isifundazwe saseSpainephethe imisebenzi efana namachweba, izikhumulo zezindiza, ugu lolwandle, ingxenye yenethiwekhi yezitimela, ubulungiswa, kanye nokuphepha kombuso (Amaphoyisa Kazwelonke, Abaqaphi Bomphakathi, Amasosha). Le misebenzi iqondiswa yi-Government Delegation eCatalonia.
La I-Generalitat de CatalunyaUhulumeni waseCatalan, onendlunkulu ePalau de la Generalitat kanye nesakhiwo sePhalamende edolobheni, unesibopho semfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, izinsizakalo zomphakathi, ezokuthutha, ingxenye yamasosha okuphepha (iMossos d'Esquadra), amasiko, nokunye okuningi. UMkhandlu Wesifundazwe saseBarcelona unikeza izinsizakalo ezidlula imingcele yedolobha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamasiko, amapaki, kanye nemitapo yolwazi.
UMkhandlu Wedolobha, onamakhansela angu-41 akhethwa njalo eminyakeni emine, unguhulumeni oseduze kakhulu nesakhamuzi futhi uphatha ukuhlela amadolobha, ukuhamba kwabantu bendawo, ukuhlanza, izindawo eziluhlaza, izikhungo zomakhelwane, izindlu zomphakathi, amaphoyisa kamasipala (Urban Guard) kanye nabacishi bomlilo, phakathi kwezinye izinsizakalo. Idolobha lihlukaniswe izifunda eziyishumi abanezigungu zabo kanye namandla abo ahlukaniswe ngokwezigaba.
Lezi zifunda eziyishumi—i-Ciutat Vella, i-Eixample, i-Sants-Montjuïc, i-Les Corts, i-Sarrià -Sant Gervasi, i-Grà cia, i-Horta-Guinardó, i-Nou Barris, i-Sant Andreu, ne-Sant Mart×nazo zisekelwa izindawo ezingomakhelwane ezinobunikazi obuqinile obuhlukile, eziningi zazo ezazingomasipala abazimele. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela izinqumo eziningi zendawo mayelana nezindawo zomphakathi, izinsiza, nemisebenzi.
Emkhakheni wokubusa nokuphathwa kwezinsiza, iBarcelona ibilokhu ihamba phambili ezingxoxweni mayelana uxhaso lwezimali lwesifundaIzilinganiso zezimali kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yengqalasizinda kahulumeni. Izifundo ezenziwe yi-Institute for Fiscal Studies zibonisa ukuthi iCatalonia, kanye neMadrid, iziQhingi zaseBalearic, kanye neValencian Community, ingenye yezifunda ezineqhaza elikhulu ohlelweni lobumbano phakathi kwezindawo.
Umnotho, imboni kanye nezinsizakalo edolobheni laseBarcelona
Ngokomlando, umnotho waseBarcelona wawuncike ekuhwebeni olwandle kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwezindwangu. Namuhla, yize imboni isabalulekile endaweni yedolobha, idolobha selishintshe kakhulu ukugxila kwalo... amasevisi athuthukisiwe, eziqasha abantu abangaphezu kuka-80% abasebenzayo.
Imboni ivame ukushintshela endaweni yedolobha ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zomhlaba wasemadolobheni, kodwa imikhakha efana nezimoto, amakhemikhali, imithi, ukudla kwezolimo, kanye nokushicilela iyaqhubeka nokuba khona esifundazweni. IBarcelona ikhiqiza ingxenye enkulu yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe eSpain emikhakheni ethile yezimboni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisebenzi emisha esekelwe olwazini iye yakhuthazwa: amapaki esayensi axhumene ne-biomedicine kanye ne-biotechnology, izikhungo zocwaningo kwezobuchwepheshe be-nanotechnology noma izindiza, kanye nalokho okushiwo ngenhla. isifunda 22@, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zefektri ezindala zasePoblenou zibe yindawo yokusebenza kwezinkampani zobuchwepheshe, izindawo zokusebenza kanye namanyuvesi.
Ukuthengisa kungenye yezinsika ezibonakalayo zendwangu yezomnotho. Izindawo ezifana ne-Portal de l'Àngel, Portaferrissa, La Rambla, Plaça de Catalunya, Passeig de Grà cia, Rambla de Catalunya, kanye ne-Diagonal ziyikhaya layo yonke into kusukela kuma-boutiques aphambili kuya kuma-franchise aphesheya kanye nezitolo ezidumile, ezasungulwa kudala. Ezindaweni ezinjengo-El Born, Grà cia, kanye ne-Sant Antoni, amabhizinisi azimele futhi agxile ekwakhiweni ayachuma.
Izimakethe ezifana neLa Boqueria, iSant Antoni noma i-Els Encants, kanye nenethiwekhi ebanzi kakhulu yezimakethe zikamasipala, ziqinisekisa ukubaluleka amabhizinisi amancane kanye namasiko emaketheEndabeni yama-Encants, isiko lokuthengisa izimpahla ezisetshenzisiwe, izinto zakudala kanye nezinto ezimangalisayo nalo ligcinwa ngaphansi kophahla oluhle lwanamuhla.
Ezokuvakasha, imibukiso yezohwebo kanye nemicimbi emikhulu
IBarcelona iphakathi kwamadolobha avakashelwa kakhulu eYurophu. Ukuhlanganiswa kwefa lesimanje, amabhishi, ukudla kanye nobusuku kwenza kube yindawo ekhangayo kubavakashi. ezokuvakasha zokungcebeleka, kuyilapho umbukiso wayo wezohwebo onamandla kanye nohlelo lwengqungquthela kuyenza ikhange kakhulu ezokuvakasha kwebhizinisi.
I-Fira de Barcelona ihlela eminye yemibukiso yezohwebo ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, egxile eMontjuïc kanye nendawo yaseGran Via. Okuvelele kufaka phakathi... I-World World Congress (umholi womhlaba wonke kwezokuxhumana ngeselula kanye nobuchwepheshe), i-Construmat (ukwakha), imibukiso yezohwebo egxile kwimfashini, ukudla, izimoto nokunye okuningi.
Le micimbi iheha izigidi zezivakashi zezohwebo minyaka yonke futhi inikeza ukugeleza okuzinzile kwesidingo samahhotela, izindawo zokudlela kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhamba unyaka wonke, ngale kwesizini yasebhishi esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuvakasha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi kwezinye izindawo zasedolobheni kanye naseceleni kolwandle, nakho kudale ukungezwani ngendlela yokuthi Ukwakhiwa kabusha kanye nomthelela wezindlu zezivakashiUkwanda kwentela kanye nokugcwala kwezindawo zomphakathi kuye kwaphoqa umkhandlu wedolobha ukuthi ulawule ngokuqinile izindawo zokuhlala zezivakashi, unciphise amalayisense amasha amahhotela ezindaweni ezithile, futhi ucabange kabusha ngemodeli ukuze uyenze ihlale isikhathi eside.
Ukuhamba, ezokuthutha zomphakathi kanye nokuxhumana
Ukushayela eBarcelona kungaba yinto ekhungathekisayo uma ungajwayelene namashejuli nemizila. Naphezu kokuba nohlelo lwemigwaqo eyindilinga (iRonda del Litoral neRonda de Dalt) kanye nemigwaqo emikhulu efana neGran Via, i-Aragó, i-Diagonal, neMeridiana, i- ukuminyana kwezimoto kanye nezinqubomgomo ezivimbela izimoto ezingcolisa umoya ezifana indawo yokukhipha umoya ophansi Bayeluleka ukuthi kungafanele kusetshenziswe izimoto zangasese nsuku zonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, idolobha linikeza inethiwekhi enkulu yezokuthutha zomphakathi: i-metro, amabhasi, i-tram, isitimela sabagibeli kanye nezitimela zesifunda Baxhumanisa izindawo kanye nendawo yedolobha kanye namanye amadolobha aseCatalan. I-metro, enemizila eyishumi nambili kanye namakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-170, iyinethiwekhi yesibili ebanzi kakhulu eSpain futhi inezingxenye ezizenzakalelayo ngokugcwele.
Isevisi yesitimela i-Renfe commuter kanye ne-Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat (FGC) imizila yasemadolobheni kanye ne-Suburban inikeza ukufinyelela emadolobheni afana ne-Sabadell, Terrassa, Manresa, kanye ne-Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), exhuma namahabhu abalulekile afana nesiteshi se-Sants, i-Plaça Catalunya, i-Arc de Triomf, i-Plaç Sagrera, ne-Plaça Espanya. Ithilamu, eyethulwe kabusha ngo-2004, ixhuma amaphasishi edolobha elikhulu njengeTrambaix neTrambesòs.
Amatekisi abonakala kalula ngombala wawo omnyama nophuzi futhi ayanda ukusebenzisa izimoto ezixubile noma zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inethiwekhi yemizila yamabhayisikili kanye nohlelo lokwabelana ngamabhayisikili eBicing kwenza kube lula ukugibela ibhayisikili. indlela yokuhamba yansuku zonkeikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisicaba.
Isikhumulo Sezindiza iJosep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat, esiqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-10-13 ukusuka enkabeni yedolobha, siyisikhumulo sezindiza sesibili esimatasa kakhulu eSpain ngokwenani labagibeli kanye nesikhumulo sezindiza esimatasa kakhulu esifundeni saseMedithera. Sinikeza ukuxhumana okuqondile nezindawo ezinkulu zaseYurophu kanye nezindawo eziningi ezihamba phakathi kwamazwekazi, okuqinisa indima yedolobha njengesikhungo somhlaba wonke.
Ichweba laseBarcelona kanye nobukhulu bemikhumbi
Ichweba laseBarcelona lixhunywe nentuthuko yedolobha selokhu lasungulwa. Kusukela endaweni yokukhosela yemvelo phakathi kweMontjuïc nomlomo woMfula iLlobregat, indawo yasemanzini yaqala ukuma kancane kancane, eyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba yindawo imbobo yezinhloso eziningi ephezulu.
Namuhla, leli chweba lihlukaniswe ngokusebenza ngezindawo zemithwalo, ama-container, ama-feri, imikhumbi yokudoba, kanye nama-marina. Ngokuphathelene nokuhamba kwama-container kanye nomthamo wamathani, liphakathi kwama-port amakhulu eMedithera, lisebenza njengesikhungo esibalulekile sokuthumela nokungenisa impahla evela eCatalonia kanye nengxenye enkulu ye-Iberian Peninsula enyakatho-mpumalanga.
Emkhakheni wezokuvakasha ngemikhumbi, iBarcelona ibalwa njengenye yamachweba ahamba phambili emhlabeni, lapho izigidi zabagibeli zingena noma zenza izingcingo minyaka yonke. Lo msebenzi udale ingcebo kodwa futhi uphikisana ngomthelela wawo emvelweni kanye nemodeli ye ukuvakasha kohambo oluhamba ngesikebhe okuhamba phambili.
Ukuthuthukiswa kabusha kwePort Vell kanye nokudalwa kwePort OlÃmpic kuvule ulwandle ukuze lusetshenziswe umphakathi, kanye nezindawo zokuhamba ngezinyawo, izikhungo zamasiko—njengeMaritime Museum kanye ne-Aquarium—izindawo zokudlela, kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindawo ezintsha zokudoba njengeseSant Adrià , eduze kweFòrum, zikhulisa ukuthandwa kwemidlalo yasemanzini.
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ukuhlela amadolobha kanye namagugu
Ambalwa amadolobha ahlanganisa indawo enkulu kangaka ibe yindawo encane kangaka. ukulandelana kwezakhiwo kuhlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngaphansi kweGothic Quarter, ungavakashela izinsalela zeRoman Barcino, ezihlanganiswe neBarcelona History Museum: izingxenye zodonga, imigwaqo, ama-workshop, izindawo zokugcina iwayini nosawoti, ngisho nezinsika zethempeli lasendulo lika-Augustus.
Kusukela enkathini yamaRoma, amagugu anjengesigodlo sezindela saseSant Pau del Camp noma isonto elincane laseMarcús asele. Kodwa yinkathi yamaGothic eye yaphawula kakhulu ukubonakala kwesikhungo sasendulo: isonto elikhulu laseSanta Creu i Santa Eulà lia, iSanta Maria del Mar — "isonto elikhulu lolwandle" —, iSanta Maria del Pi noma iDrassanes Reials, izindawo zokugcina ezinkulu zamaGothic zokusetshenziswa komphakathi, zifakazela amandla ebhizinisi nenkolo yedolobha lasendulo.
Izigodlo ezifana neSaló del Tinell, iPalau del Lloctinent, kanye nePalau de la Generalitat uqobo, kanye nezindlu eziningi zeGothic eziguqulwe zaba iminyuziyamu (isibonelo, iMuseu Picasso complex), ziqedela le ndawo yomlando. Eziningi zalezi zakhiwo zihlelwe zizungeze amagceke angaphakathi ahlukile kanye nezitebhisi ezinkulu.
Ukwenyuka kokwanda kwekhulu le-19 kwakuhambisana i-modernismLesi sitayela sishiye eminye yemisebenzi yaso edume kakhulu e-Barcelona. Isibhedlela i-de Sant Pau kanye nePalau de la Música Catalana, zombili zikaDomènech i Montaner, noma iCasa Amatller kanye neCasa de les Punxes, kaPuig i Cadafalch, ziyingxenye yeqoqo elingenakuqhathaniswa.
Akungabazeki ukuthi u-Antoni Gaudà yigama lenkanyezi: i-Sagrada FamÃlia, i-Park Güell, i-Casa Milà (La Pedrera), kanye ne-Casa Batlló kuyizivakashi ezibalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi ubuciko bezakhiwo bungachaza kanjani kabusha izinhlobo zemvelo, imibala, kanye nezakhiwo. Eminye yale misebenzi ibhekwa njenge Amagugu Emhlaba ngu-Unesco.
Amapaki, izindawo zokubukela kanye nezindawo eziluhlaza
Naphezu kobuningi bayo, iBarcelona inenethiwekhi enkulu yamapaki nezingadi. Parc de la CiutadellaEndaweni yangaphambili yenqaba yaseBourbon, inikeza indawo enkulu eluhlaza egcwele izithombe, impophoma enkulu, iPhalamende laseCatalonia kanye ne-zoo.
Esifundeni saseGrà cia, iPark Güell ihlanganisa imvelo nombono kaGaudà omangalisayo ngesimo semigwaqo edlulayo, izitebhisi, namabhentshi e-ceramic, okunikeza imibono emihle yedolobha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwedolobha, i-Diagonal Mar kanye neParc del Fòrum zibonisa indlela yesimanje kakhulu yesikhala somphakathi, enezindawo ezinkulu zokubhukuda, amachibi abonisa amachibi, kanye nezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Kusuka ku I-Parc de Montjuïc Kusukela ekuhlanganiseni kwayo izingadi, iminyuziyamu, izikhungo zama-Olympic kanye nenqaba, kuya eParc Central de Nou Barris noma eLaberint d'Horta yomlando, uhla lwamapaki lumema kokubili ukuhambahamba okuphumuzayo kanye nemidlalo yangaphandle.
Nokho, indawo enhle yokulondoloza imvelo izintaba zaseCollserola, ipaki yemvelo ehlanganisa idolobha ngasentshonalanga futhi inikeza izindlela zokuhamba ngezinyawo, izindawo zokubukela, izindlu zasemapulazini, kanye nombhoshongo wokuxhumana odumile waseCollserola. ITibidabo iqhakaza lolu hlu ngethempeli layo kanye nepaki lokuzijabulisa, lapho umuntu angathola khona enye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokubukwa. ama-panorama amahle kakhulu yesakhiwo sasemadolobheni.
Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Esplugues de Llobregat, eduze kwedolobha, amapaki afana ne-Can Vidalet noma i-Parc dels Torrents andisa lo mugqa oluhlaza futhi abonise ukuthi indawo yedolobha ixuba kanjani amasiko ezimboni, izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezindawo zemvelo ngendlela exinene kakhulu kodwa echazwe kahle.
Ezemidlalo, amaqembu omlando kanye nabalandeli abakhulu
IBarcelona iphefumulela ezemidlalo kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukugujwa kweMidlalo yama-Olimpiki nama-Paralympic ka-1992 akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yesimanje; futhi kwaqinisa isiko lezemidlalo eligxilile kuzo zonke ubudala kanye nezigaba zomphakathi.
I-FC Barcelona, ​​​​eyasungulwa ngo-1899, iyisibonakaliso sezemidlalo sedolobha. Ingxenye yayo yebhola labesilisa kanye neqembu labesifazane eliphumelela kakhulu lincintisana ezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa leli kilabhu liphinde libe yibhentshi lomhlaba wonke ku-basketball, handball, futsal, kanye ne-roller hockey, enendlunkulu yayo eduze neCamp Nou kanye nePalau Blaugrana.
I-Real Club Deportivo Espanyol, enomlando wayo ocebile edolobheni, iqedela imephu yebhola eliphambili, kanye namaqembu afana ne-UE Sant Andreu, CE Europa, kanye ne-CE Júpiter, wonke anomlando omude ebholeni laseCatalan. Emidlalweni yokubhukuda kanye ne-water polo, amaqembu afana ne-CN Barcelona kanye ne-CN Atlètic-Barcelona aphakathi kwamaqembu ahlotshiswe kakhulu eYurophu.
Izakhiwo ezinkulu—i-Olympic Stadium, iPalau Sant Jordi, iHorta velodrome, amachibi okubhukuda asePicornell—zihlanganiswe nenethiwekhi enkulu ye- izikhungo zemidlalo zikamasipala kanye nezinkundla zomakhelwane ezisiza ekwenzeni ibhola, i-basketball, ezemidlalo, ukugibela ibhayisikili, imidlalo ye-triathlon noma yasebhishi.
Idolobha libamba imicimbi edumile njenge-Barcelona Marathon, i-Cursa de Bombers (Umjaho Wabacimi Bomlilo), umjaho we-Jean Bouin, kanye ne-Barcelona Triathlon, ngaphezu kwemijaho ethandwayo, ukubhukuda emanzini avulekile, kanye nemisebenzi yasebhishi. Endaweni yedolobha, izikhungo ezifana ne-Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya eMontmeló kanye ne-CAR (High-Performance Sports Center) eSant Cugat ziqinisa kakhulu le ndawo yezemidlalo esebenza kahle.
Izilimi, isiko kanye nobusuku
Kunezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezihlala ndawonye eBarcelona, ​​​​umphumela wamashumi eminyaka okufuduka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, i- IsiCatalan nesiCastilian Lezi yizilimi ezakha umgogodla wempilo yomphakathi. Cishe bonke abantu bayasiqonda futhi bakhuluma iSpanishi, kanti iningi elikhulu likhuluma kahle isiCatalan, ulimi lwaseCatalonia.
IsiCatalan esikhulunywa edolobheni yisona sigaba esiyinhloko, esinezici zaso ezihlukile zefonetiki kanye ne-lexical. Abezindaba bendawo, izikole, amahhovisi kahulumeni, kanye nezimpawu eziningi zisebenzisa zombili lezi zilimi, okudala indawo ecacile yezilimi ezimbili.
Ezingeni lamasiko, i-Barcelona inikeza inethiwekhi eminyene yeminyuziyamu nezikhungo zobuciko: kusukela eMuseu Picasso, iFundació Joan Miró noma iFundació Antoni Tà pies kuya ku-MACBA, iMuseu d'Història de Barcelona noma izikhungo ezinkulu ezifana ne UMnyuziyamu Wezobuciko Kazwelonke waseCatalonia, ireferensi yaseYurophu kwezobuciko bamaRoma nobeGothic.
Umculo unezindawo zomlando njenge-Gran Teatre del Liceu, i-Palau de la Música Catalana noma i-L'Auditori, kuyilapho izindawo ezimaphakathi—i-Razzmatazz, i-Luz de Gas, i-Bikini, i-Jamboree— namafestivali afana ne-Primavera Sound, i-Sónar noma i-Grec iletha uhlelo oluhluke kakhulu edolobheni unyaka wonke.
Ukuphila kwasebusuku kweBarcelona kusakazeke ezindaweni ezifana neGothic Quarter kanye neRaval, i-Eixample (ebizwa ngokuthi "iGaixample" eyaziwa ngesimo sayo esinamandla se-LGBTQ+, iGrà cia, iPoblenou, kanye nezindawo ezizungeze i-Olympic Port kanye neMaremagnum. Amabha, amakilabhu, ama-terrace, nezindawo zamakhonsathi kuhlangana ne- ukuvakasha kwe-gastronomic kusukela endaweni yokuphuza utshwala yasendaweni kuya endaweni yokudlela yokudla okumnandi enezinkanyezi zeMichelin.
Idolobha laseBarcelona lihlanganisa, endaweni encane, ukubaluleka okukhulu komlando, umnotho onamandla, ifa eliyingqayizivele lokwakha, amabhishi asemadolobheni, isiko lezemidlalo, kanye nendawo yamasiko neyokuphila ebusuku engapheli. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwe Idolobha laseMedithera, inhloko-dolobha yomhlaba wonke kanye ne-mosaic yezindawo eziseduze Kuchaza ukuthi kungani ihlala ingenye yezindawo ezifiseleka kakhulu eYurophu futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo eyinkimbinkimbi lapho izindaba zokuhlala ndawonye, ​​ukusimama, ubuwena kanye nekusasa lasemadolobheni kuxoxwa khona nsuku zonke.
