Cabanga ngomsebenzi ka-Unamuno i-Niebla eshashalazini Kufana nokubuka indawo embozwe yinkungu, lapho singasazi khona ukuthi iqiniso liphelela kuphi nokuthi indaba eqanjiwe iqala kuphi. Lokho okwakuyinoveli yoguquko ekuqaleni, i-"nivola" edumile eyanyatheliswa ngo-1914, sekuyinto, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi weshashalazi osezingeni eliphezulu, ofanele ukuhlola imikhawulo yomlingiswa, umbhali, ngisho nezilaleli ezihlalweni zeshashalazi.
Ezinguqulweni zakamuva zesigaba, U-Augusto Pérez uphenduka isibuko esiphazamisayo Kuyo, umbukeli uyazibuka, engaqiniseki ukuthi lokho akubonayo kungumlingiswa oqanjiwe, umzimba osesiteji, noma ukubonakaliswa kokungaqiniseki kwakhe kokuphila. Kusukela emikhiqizweni yokuzibamba okukhulu okusemthethweni kuya emicimbini ehlanganisa ingozi kanye ne-vertigo yefilosofi, iNiebla izimise njengenye yalezo zindaba ethiyetha ezibiza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi ikhulume, ngokusobala, ngenkululeko, isiphetho, kanye nokuba khona.
I-"nivola" ka-Unamuno: kusuka kunoveli kuya ezintweni zaseshashalazini
I-Mist, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1914, yazalwa ngenhloso yokuphula isikhunta.UMiguel de Unamuno wayibiza ngokuthi “i-nivola” ukuze ayihlukanise nomqondo wendabuko wale noveli futhi avumele inkululeko enkulu ekuhloleni kwayo ukuzindla kwefilosofi, ukudlala kwezincwadi, kanye nokuhlola okusemthethweni. Esikhundleni sokulandela indlela engokoqobo yesikhathi sakhe, umbhali ozalelwe eBilbao waphula imithetho futhi wadala indawo yokulandisa lapho indaba yayingabalulekile kangako kunemibuzo eyayiyibuza.
Isakhiwo sigxile U-Augusto Pérez, insizwa ecebile, umfundi ophothule ezomthethoUphila phakathi kwamaphupho asemini, izingxoxo, nokungabaza. Ngemva kokushona kukanina, umuntu owayemvikela futhi emqondisa, ucwila ohlotsheni lokumiswa kokuphila, njengokungathi uhamba enkungwini emvimbela ukuba abone indlela yakhe. Lesi simo esisakazekile, endaweni ethile phakathi kokuphila kwansuku zonke nokufana nephupho, singenye yezizathu ezenza umdlalo ukhalele ukulethwa esiteji.
U-Unamuno uyaqonda lokho Ifilosofi ingatholakala kangcono ezindabeni eziqanjiwe kunasezincwadini zezemfundo. UMist uhlanganyela ngqo nemisebenzi efana Umuzwa odabukisayo wokuphilangokudlulisela kubalingiswa benyama negazi (noma uyinki nephepha, kuye ngokuthi ukubheka kanjani) izinkinga mayelana nenkululeko, ukungafi, incazelo yokuphila, kanye nokuvukela isiphetho. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuzindla okukhona kanye nesakhiwo esinesibindi kwenza le noveli ibe yindawo yegolide yemidlalo yeshashalazi yanamuhla.
Umbhali ngokwakhe wayengumdali onezinhlangothi eziningi: umbhali wenoveli, isazi sefilosofi, imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo, umbhali wezindatshana, umfundisiWayengumlobi wezindaba ngisho nosopolitiki, imeya yaseSalamanca kanye nelungu lephalamende. Wayengenakukwazi ukumelana "nobunzima" benoveli ebhalwe phansi, futhi ngemva kwempumelelo ka Ukuthula empiniWanquma ukushintsha imithetho yomdlalo "ngama-nivola" akhe. Phakathi kwawo, uNiebla uvelele njengomsebenzi ophawulekayo kakhulu, isisekelo salokho okwakuzoba yindaba yesimanje eSpain kanye nebhuloho lemvelo eliya endaweni yakhe yemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
Indaba yeNkungu: uthando, ubuwena kanye nokuvakashela umbhali
Enhliziyweni yendaba sithola U-Augusto Pérez, indlalifa yenhlanhla enkuluU-Augusto, obelokhu ethwele izibazi ezibuhlungu zokushona kukayise kusukela ebuntwaneni—ambona ewa phansi ehlanza igazi—ubelokhu eyisiphephelo sakhe kuphela kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, unina waze waya esikoleni yena ukuze amsize ngezifundo zakhe. Lapho eshona ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba indaba iqale, u-Augusto usala engenalutho, elahlekile ephusheni lakhe.
Ngolunye usuku, engenandawo ecacile eya kuyo, u-Augusto uyahamba ekhaya ezimisele landela inja yokuqala ewela indlela yakhoKodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokuba yisilwane, uzithola esehamba ngemuva kwentombazane, cishe engazi, ngemuva kwayo. Leyo ntombazane ingu-Eugenia, umdlali wepiyano, ozimele, onenkani eqinile, ohlala no-anti wakhe nomalume wakhe. U-Augusto uthandana naye ngokushesha, ngokuphamazela, futhi unquma ukumbhalela incwadi futhi avakashele umndeni ukuze azethule. Inkinga ukuthi u-Eugenia usevele unesoka, into engamvimbi umlingiswa oyinhloko, ozimisele ukumzuza.
Lokhu kuvuka kothando kunikeza u-Augusto umbono omusha ngabesifazane abamzungezile: Uyaqaphela uRosario, umshayi we-ayinaUlula futhi uyangeneka, kuyilapho umsizi wakhe nompheki, uLiduvina, naye eqala ukumheha ngezinye izikhathi. Impilo yakhe engokomzwelo iyathandeka futhi igcwele ukuphikisana. Phakathi kwalesi siphithiphithi esingokomzwelo, kuvela u-Orpheus, inja ezogcina iyisifuba sakhe, okuwukuphela kwayo elalela ngaphandle kokwahlulela izinkathazo zakhe nezinkinga zakhe.
Njengoba indaba iqhubeka, ukungabaza kuka-Augusto kudlula imizwa: Uqala ukungabaza ukuthi ukhona ngempela. Noma ingabe kumane kuwumkhiqizo womcabango womuntu? Ekhathazwa yilokhu kusola, unquma ukuya eSalamanca ukuyokhuluma nomlobi amhloniphayo: uMiguel de Unamuno. Kwesinye sezigcawu ezidumile kakhulu ezincwadini zaseSpain, umlingiswa nombhali babhekana ubuso nobuso.
Kuleyo ngxoxo, enecala elinamandla lokungaqondi kahle, U-Unamuno wembulela u-Augusto ukuthi akayena nje umlingiswa oqanjiweUchaza ukuthi, ngenxa yalokho, akanakunquma ngokukhululeka isiphetho sakhe, ngakho-ke, akanakuzibulala. U-Augustus uyabhikisha, ethi unelungelo lokuba khona futhi enze izinqumo zakhe, evukela umbuso wobushiqela womdali. Kodwa umbhali ugcizelela amandla akhe: unquma ukuthi umlingiswa uzofa. Isiphetho sibonisa u-Augustus efa (emngceleni ofiphele phakathi kwesinqumo sakhe nomyalo wombhali), kulandelwa isiphetho esilandiswa ngu-Orpheus, inja, ocabanga ngokuphila nokufa kwenkosi yakhe ngokuhlekisa.
I-Metatheatre, inkungu kanye ne-vertigo eyenzeka esiteji
Lapho indaba ka-Augusto Pérez isuka ekhasini iye esiteji, Ubukhulu be-metatheatrical be-Niebla buba namandla kakhuluNgesikhathi kule noveli ingxoxo phakathi kuka-Unamuno nendalo yakhe yaphula udonga lwesine, eshashalazini kuvela ukuguquguquka okunezinhlangothi ezintathu: umbhali, umlingiswa, kanye nezilaleli. Umbukeli ubona ngqo umzuzu lapho isidalwa esiqanjiwe sizazi futhi siphikisana nomdali waso.
Inkungu yesihloko iguquka ibe isikhala sesiteji esisabalele, phakathi kokuphila nenganekwaneImikhiqizo eminingi ikhetha izimo ezithambile, ezinezici ezimbalwa, ngaphakathi ezigcwele amazwi nokuthula. Inhloso akuyona nje ukudala indawo engokoqobo kodwa ukwakha indawo yengqondo lapho ukuhlanganiswa okubonakalayo nokungabonakali. Lo mnyama ongokomfanekiso ubonisa ukudideka kuka-Augusto kanye nokwethu, njengababukeli abangaqiniseki ngezinga leqiniso kulokho esikubonayo.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvame ukugcizelela ukuthi Abalingiswa bahlala bekhuluma ezindaweni zangaphakathi. Futhi lezi zingxoxo ziba izimpi zefilosofi ezingokoqobo. Zixoxa ngenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, ubunzima besiphetho, ubuhlungu bokuthola ukuthi umuntu angaba upopayi womunye. Ukuvakashela kuka-Augusto umbhali wakhe kuphinde kwasungulwa njengesihluthulelo semidlalo yaseshashalazini njengomzuzu odidayo: umlingiswa okhuluma nathi, amehlo omlobi, kanye nezilaleli ezimaphakathi, eziphoqelekile ukuthatha uhlangothi.
Ingxenye ye-metatheatrical iba ithuluzi elihle lokubonisa umhlatshelo womlingiswa othatha lokho esingenakukubonaMhlawumbe nathi siyingxenye yesakhiwo esikhulu, singaphansi kwamandla angaphezu kwamandla ethu. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani abaqondisi abaningi besikhathi samanje bethole eNiebla (Mist) izinto ezifanelekile zokuhlola ubuwena, ukuzimela, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo besebenzisa ulimi lweshashalazi lwanamuhla.
Kulomongo, Lo msebenzi awugcini nje ngokubuza amandla ombhalikodwa futhi nesimo sezilaleli. Ingabe singababukeli abangenzi lutho noma, ngandlela thile, sihlanganyela esiphethweni esisibona senzeka esiteji? Ithiyetha, njengendawo yokuhlangana ephilayo phakathi kwabadlali nababukeli, iqinisa le mibuzo, iguqula ukusebenza kube yinto engokoqobo, engokoqobo.
Umbono ka-Fernanda Orazi: Inkungu ku-Nave 10 Matadero
Enye yezinguqulo zesiteji ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yilezo ezethulwe I-Nave 10 Matadero kanye ne-Buxman Producciones kanye ne-Pílades Teatro, esayiniwe ngumlingisi, umqondisi, kanye nomfundisi wemidlalo yeshashalazi uFernanda Orazi. Emenywe njengomqondisi wesizini yama-25/26 yemidlalo yeshashalazi, u-Orazi wayesevele ezenzele uphawu ngemisebenzi yakhe yangaphambilini efana nethi electra e-Abbey Theatre noma Ukuphikelela, futhi manje uqinisa indima yakhe njengomqondisi kanye nomqondisi ngokuzicwilisa ngokuphelele endaweni yonke ye-Unamuno.
Kulesi siphakamiso, Umqondisi unquma ukunika lo mlingiswa indima yokuhola eveleleKusukela esimweni esibi kakhulu esivezwe emsebenzini wokuqala—lowo mzuzu lapho u-Unamuno etshela u-Augusto ukuthi ungumlingiswa oqanjiwe—u-Orazi ugxila enhlekeleleni yokuphila owaziyo ukuthi kunqunyelwe kusengaphambili kodwa futhi ulangazelela ukubalekela ikusasa lakho. Lo mkhiqizo uhlola ukuqonda komlingiswa oyinhloko, umhlatshelo wakhe, kanye nokungakwazi kwakhe ukubalekela indaba emsekelayo.
Isiteji sakhiwe kusukela ukuzibamba okusemthethweni, ukuba nekhono lokwenza izinto ngendlela ehlelekile, kanye nengozi yobuhle ebalwe kahle kakhuluElandela ezinyathelweni zika-Unamuno, umqondisi wenqaba ubuqiniso obungenandaba futhi ukhetha ulimi olucwengekile, lapho isenzo ngasinye namagama onke kubalulekile. Inkungu ehlukanisa impilo nenganekwane ngaleyo ndlela iba yindawo engaqondakali, eqondile futhi evulekele ukuchazwa kombukeli.
Abadlali abenza le Nkungu iphile bahlanganisa Juan Paños, Leticia Etala, Javier Ballesteros, Carmen Angulo noPablo MontesUkulingisa kuhloselwe ubuciko kanye nokujula kwefilosofi, kusetshenziswa ulimi njengethuluzi lalo eliyinhloko. Ukuzwela kuka-Orazi kubonakala kulokhu kuhlanganiswa kobulula besiteji, ukuqina kokuhumusha, kanye nokuxhumana okujulile nombhalo, okuvuselela u-Unamuno ngaphandle kokulahla umoya wakhe.
Kuhlelelwe kusukela mhla zingama-20 kuNdasa kuya ku-12 kuMbasa 2026 eNave 10 Matadero, Le nguqulo yethulwa njengenye yezifundo ezinhle kakhulu zesizini.Lo mkhiqizo uyingxenye yomsebenzi ohlanganiswe yilesi sikhala ngokwaso: uhlelo oluhlanganisa izincwadi zakudala ezibuyekeziwe nemibono yesimanje, lapho ingozi esemthethweni iqondwa njengendlela yokuhlonipha ababhali, njengo-Unamuno, nabo abachitha isikhathi sabo.
U-Augusto Pérez: wasungula umlando kanye nobuningi bedrama
Kwethiyetha, Isithombe sika-Augusto Pérez sinikeza umlando ocebile futhi onezici eziningi okungafakwa esiteji ngamandla amakhulu. Ubuntwana bakhe, obuphawulwa ukubona uyise efa, isivikelo esicishe sibe ngokuphelele sikanina ofunda ukuze ahambisane nezifundo zakhe, kanye nobuntandane bamuva obumshiya engenaso leso sivikelo, kudweba isithombe somlingiswa ojwayele ukuphila phakathi kokuthembela ngokomzwelo kanye neziphephelo zobuhlakani.
Lapho unina eshona, u-Augusto ungena esimweni esifana nephupho, njengokungathi uzulazula eqinisweni elimbozwe yinkunguLowo muzwa wokuba phakathi kwezwe nephupho uphelele ekubeni yindaba yeshashalazi: ukukhanya okusabalele, izindawo ezingenalutho, ukuthula okugcwele incazelo. Lapha, ishashalazi linethuba elicacile lokwenza leyo nkungu yengqondo ibonakale.
Ukuthandana kuka-Eugenia okungazelelwe kusebenza njengesisusa: Lapho ethandana, ukholelwa ukuthi ekugcineni usethole "owesifazane".Ngaye, uthola incazelo engaba khona empilweni yakhe. Kodwa esikhundleni sokuletha ukucaca, lokhu okutholiwe kwandisa ukungabaza kwakhe, ikakhulukazi lapho ehlangana nabanye abantu besifazane abanjengoRosario noLiduvina. Unxantathu wothando (noma i-quadrilateral) awuwona umdlalo wothando kodwa uwukubonakaliswa kokungakwazi kwakhe ukusungula ubuwena bakhe nezifiso zakhe.
Esiteji, lobu budlelwano buvumela ukuhlola ukungqubuzana kwesigaba, ubuntu, kanye nesikhundla emphakathiniUmdlali wepiyano ozimele uma eqhathaniswa nomenzi wezingubo othobekile, incekukazi egcina indlu isebenza uma iqhathaniswa nomphathi osemusha ophila ngengcebo yakhe ayizuze njengefa. Ubuhlobo ngabunye buveza okuthile ngo-Augusto, amalungelo akhe kanye nokushiyeka kwakhe, futhi bunikeza abadlali indawo evundile yokuguquguquka ngokomzwelo kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu.
Umzuzu wokugcina, ukuvakashela e-Unamuno, kuguqula u-Augusto abe umlingiswa uyazi ngenganekwane yakheNgokombono weshashalazi, lokhu kuvula amathuba ayinkulungwane: izigcawu eziphula udonga lwesine, izibikezelo zombhalo, izilinganiso ezimbili zeqiniso, ngisho nokuba khona kombhali esiteji njengomuntu oxoxa nomsebenzi wakhe. Ubuningi bomlando womlingiswa buhlangana lapha nomdlalo wobuhlakani, okuveza umlingiswa, ngokushesha, oyisidalwa esidumile kanye nesazi sefilosofi esenzweni.
Kusukela encwadini entsha kuya encwadini yedrama: inguqulo ka-Alfredo García Gregorio
Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo esekelwe ngqo kule noveli, Kukhona inguqulo yeshashalazi ethize ye-Niebla Isayinwe ngu-Alfredo García Gregorio futhi yanyatheliswa ngu-Ediciones Irreverentes ngaphakathi kweqoqo layo lemidlalo yeshashalazi (inombolo 111). Lolu hlelo luhlose ukuguqula indaba ka-Unamuno ibe umsebenzi osheshayo wedrama, owenzelwe ukufunda nokusebenza esiteji.
U-García Gregorio, uthisha ngokuqeqeshwa kanye nomhlali e-Getxo (Bizkaia), uye uhambo olubanzi lwezincwadi emkhakheni wokuxoxa izindaba kanye nemidlalo yeshashalaziUshicilele incwadi yemidlalo. Ukungalindeli Luthoincwadi yabantwana UDora, umalusi wezimbuzi, imiqulu eminingana yezindaba ezihlanganyelwe kanye nencwadi yezindaba ezimfushane Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwamahlayaPhakathi kwemiklomelo yakhe kukhona imiklomelo yokulandisa efana nomklomelo wesibili emncintiswaneni we-Anade Foundation Short Stories, umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni we-Maite Maitea Love Letters, kanye nomncintiswano wezindaba ezimfushane ze-Experience and Life, phakathi kwezinye.
Kuhlobo lwayo lwe-Fog, i-adaptha Ihlanganisa umsebenzi wendaba ka-Unamuno ube umbhalo wedrama oguquguqukayo.Nakuba igcina umongo wayo wefilosofi nowokuxoxa ngezindaba, lo mdlalo unikeza ingxoxo eqondile kanye nesakhiwo esenzelwe isigqi sesiteji. Umphumela uba yisiqephu esifinyeleleka kalula kubabukeli banamuhla, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukujula, okwenza kube lula ngezinkampani ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ukusakaza.
Incwadi, cishe enamakhasi ayi-128 ubude futhi ene-ISBN 978-84-17481-34-6, yethulwa njenge ithuluzi eliwusizo kokubili abafundi kanye nabadali besitejiKulabo abasondela e-Unamuno besuka eshashalazini, lolu hlelo lokusebenza luyindawo yokungena ewusizo kakhulu; futhi kothisha noma amaqembu angewona ama-amateur, lunikeza umbhalo obhalwe ngokucophelela, onengxoxo eguquguqukayo kanye namathuba okudlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Umsebenzi wama-adapter afana noGarcía Gregorio ubonisa lokho Amandla eNiebla awaxhomekile kuphela ezinkundleni zemidlalo ezinkuluIphinde isebenzise izincwadi, ama-workshop, izinkampani ezincane, kanye namaphrojekthi ezemfundo aqhubeka nokuthola ku-Augusto Pérez kanye nengxoxo yabo nombhali umthombo ongapheli wezinto zokungabaza incazelo yezimpilo zethu.
Ngazo zonke lezi zindlela—i-"nivola" yokuqala ka-Unamuno, izigaba ze-metatheatrical, umbono wesimanje wabaqondisi abanjengoFernanda Orazi, kanye nokuguqulwa kwedrama ngababhali abanjengo-Alfredo García Gregorio—umsebenzi ka-Unamuno i-Niebla kwezemidlalo uhlanganiswe njengendawo lapho izincwadiIfilosofi kanye nemidlalo yeshashalazi ziyahlangana simema umphakathi njalo ukuthi ucabange ukuthi, ekugcineni, yithina esihamba ngaphakathi kwaleyo nkungu lapho u-Augusto ezama khona kanzima ukuthola indawo yakhe.
