Ake sikhulume ngomuzi wezingane nombhali wawo
incwadi i Umuzi Wezingane Le psychopedagogue yase-Italy, owazalwa ngo-1940, isibonisa isifinyezo semibono mayelana nobuhlobo bamanje phakathi kwezingane namadolobha, inikeze i-akhawunti yeqiniso elikhona emazweni amaningana emhlabeni jikelele, mayelana nokukhishwa kwezingane empilweni yomphakathi yasemadolobheni kanye nomqondo wamadolobha.
Uchwepheshe ongaphumuli, umdwebi wekhathuni nomlobi wenze ucwaningo lwakhe mayelana nokucabanga nokuziphatha kwezingane endaweni yasemadolobheni; iqinisekisa ukuthi uma izingane zinikezwa ukuzimela edolobheni, kuzoba inkomba engenakushintshwa ukukala izinga layo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lo mcwaningi uzibiza isazi sezingane, lokho akuqinisekisa njengehlaya elibi kakhulu nokuthi akalutho ngaphandle komuntu ozinikele empilweni yakhe ebuntwaneni, kumantombazane nabafana.
Unesithakazelo ezinganeni
Uchaza ukuthi azama ukukwenza, ezikoleni nasemidwebeni yakhe, wukuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane zihlonishwa njengabalingiswa ezikhungweni, emindenini nasemadolobheni.
Edumele ngokuthi izingane namuhla azikwazanga ukuthola indawo lapho zingakhulela khona, zidlale futhi zithuthuke ngokukhululekile, uTonucci uqala incwadi yakhe ngokuqhathanisa indlela izinto eziye zashintsha ngayo ebuntwaneni namuhla uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka embalwa edlule, ngenhloso yokuqonda okwenzekayo. Ku-FRATO, njengoba esayina imidwebo yakhe, izingane aziqashelwa, futhi lesi akusona isimo esisha, kodwa mhlawumbe iqiniso elingokomlando.
Izingane azinakwa. Kungashiwo ukuthi ngabazali kuphela, abababonisa ukucabangela ngenxa yothando abanalo ngabo. Emphakathini, imibono, imibono, ukukhathazeka kwezingane kuye kwaba nenani elincane. Yingakho kulotshiwe ngakho Izingane amaqhawe.
Kodwa njengephuzu elihle nelibi, kwakukhona inzuzo yokuthi abantu abadala babashiya ngaphandle, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi babehlonipha imithetho (buyela ekhaya ngesikhathi esibonisiwe, ungakhulumi nabantu ongabazi noma abantu abangafuneki, uhloniphe imingcele) nokuthi abazange bakhathazeke. Ngalesi simiso, izingane zazikwazi ukuzitika ngezinto eziningi.
Izingane zangaphambili, izingane zamanje, the Umuzi Wezingane
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, kwenzeka izigigaba ezimbili eziphikisana nokunyakaza kokuhlonipha izingane kanye nothando lwabazali oluboniswa ngayo yonke imizamo nokutshala imali abakwenzela izingane:
Esokuqala, ukuthi phakathi kwemindeni umqondo wokuba nempahla udlangile.Yindodana yami! futhi ingane ayinalo nhlobo uhlobo lokuzimela; nowesibili Inkinga ukuthi izingane azisakwazi ukuphuma endlini; abakwazi ukufuna abangani, ngakho-ke, babodwa ngaphakathi kwayo.
Lokhu kudala isimo esisha ngokuphelele lapho izingane zihlupheka kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, izingane zazizizwa ziphephile phakathi kwezindlu, edolobheni nasezindaweni ezizungezile, lapho zazikwazi ukuzwa ngokukhululekile umdlalo nabangane bazo.
Namuhla, leli dolobha seliphenduke indawo enenzondo, ngokungenakufinyeleleka kubo, okubenza bathembele ekuqapheni kwabazali babo, abesaba ukubuyisela ukuzimela kwabo, emadolobheni anqunywe eduze kwemoto.
Futhi abazali?
Abazali namuhla, ngenxa yokwesaba idolobha, batshala imali ukwenza umdlalo ube nokwenzeka, bathenge amathoyizi futhi bagcine izingane zabo ezindaweni ezilawulwayo. Izingane ekhaya zidinga ukufunda, lapha sishiya incwadi Ukubuyekezwa kweNkosana encane.
Kudingekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma izingane zilahlekelwa ithuba lokudlala edolobheni, okuyinto yeTonucci enqumayo ekuthuthukisweni kwabantu, zizosuka kulokho okungokwemvelo eminyakeni yokuqala: ukukhula nokuguquka ngenkathi kudlala, ukwakha okuyisisekelo. izisekelo zokuthuthuka kwayo esikhathini esizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko sikhuluma ngokuthi ukuntuleka kokuzimela kuthinta kanjani ukukhula kwezingane endaweni ezihlala kuyo, kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwendawo yasemadolobheni efinyeleleka kalula futhi ephephile kubo.
Kodwa-ke, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo sezemfundo siyaqinisekisa ukuthi umdlalo awukwazi ukuthengwa noma uphelezelwe ngoba ungowawo wonke umuntu. Ngokunjalo, ngokuphuca izingane ukuzimela kanye nezikhala zedolobha, ziyavinjelwa ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okuqonda kanye nekhono lendawo ngekusasa lazo, isibonelo, ukuphatha isikhathi nendawo, okungangabazeki ukuthi kuzodala ukubona nokuqonda umhlaba ngokuphelele. indlela ehlukile.
Okokugcina, i-Tonucci ibheka ukuthi amandla abantu abadala asetshenziselwe ukusizakala cishe ezingeni lomuntu siqu, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala besilisa, ababeka imoto njengomlingisi oyinhloko edolobheni. Ubheka ukuthi imoto "iyisakhamuzi esinelungelo", esinamandla angaphezu kwawethu: ingcolisa, ithatha zonke izikhala, ingabulala ngisho nokubulala.
Incwadi yaba iphrojekthi
Ethatha lonke ucwaningo nokuhlaziya njengesiqalo, u-Francesco Tonucci uthuthukisa isipiliyoni esibizwa ngokuthi "Sifunda esikoleni sodwa" emadolobheni ahlukene e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, njengendlela yokuhlola neqhubekayo yokuhlobanisa izingane nedolobha labo futhi. . Lo mkhuba wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqalisa nokusungula Inethiwekhi “Yamadolobha Ezingane” neRome njengenhloko yomkhonto.
Ngokwamazwi kaTonucci ngokwakhe, inhloso enkulu yale phrojekthi ukuthatha izingane njengesilinganiso sokuhlola nokuguqulwa kwezikhala ezihlala kuzo, okumele zisebenze njengenkundla yokuvezwa kwezingane edolobheni kanye nomkhiqizi wezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene. bavumele ukuthi balalele futhi bacabangele izwi lezingane ekuthatheni izinqumo zedolobha, ikakhulukazi ngemiKhandlu Yezingane.
Nokho, isikhathi esiningi ukuzibophezela akufiki kuze kube yilapho bejoyina inethiwekhi. Ukhathazekile ngokoqobo, uqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abadala banjalo phambi kwezingane: kukhona ukuzimisela ukuthembisa okuningi, ngokuvamile, okungaphezu kwalokho okucelwa yizingane hhayi ukufeza. Nokho, akhona amadolobha lapho kwenziwa khona izinguquko nezinto ezimangalisayo, akujabulelayo.
Izisekelo zenethiwekhi
Ukucabangisisa okune umbhali afika kukho kuthathwe kuyo yonke isethi, mayelana nobudlelwano bobuntwana nedolobha: Okokuqala, ibheka ukuthi kuyisidingo sezingane, njengoba zidinga ukuba futhi, namuhla ngingasebenzisa igama elithi ukwakha okwengeziwe, inkululeko kanye nesipiliyoni sasemadolobheni ekuthuthukisweni kwabo kwengqondo kanye nendawo.
njengesibili, ukholelwa ukuthi lezi zenzo, ngokuzinikeza inkululeko yokusebenzisa indawo futhi zidale okuhlangenwe nakho ezizungeze ukudlala, ziqinisa ukuhlalisana kwabancane; zuza futhi udale izibopho ezintsha zobungane nokwethembana phakathi kontanga.
Imfundo yezemvelo ibuye inothisiwe, hhayi nje emcabangweni we-ecology, kodwa ngokuzwa ingxenye yendawo, okungaba indawo, isikwele noma ipaki.
Sithola kanjani ukuzindla kwesithathu, ithuba lokukhiqiza imfundo yokuphepha emgwaqeni, ethuthukisa injabulo yokuhamba, indlela yokwenza futhi kuphi, ngakho-ke ayibhekiseli ekufundiseni abashayeli bezimoto esikhathini esizayo. Kulesi sigaba, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nomgomo, njengoba amadolobha aklanyelwe ukuthi afinyeleleke ngemoto.
Lokhu kuyobe kusho ukuthi kungase kube nezinguquko ezijulile endleleni amadolobha aqanjwa futhi aklanywe ngayo, ngoba umntwana wayezofundiswa ukuthutha ngenye indlela. Kungaba nokwenzeka ukubasondeza kanye namanye amaqembu asengozini ekufinyeleleni ngokukhululekile yonke indawo.
Ngokuba umcabango wesine nowokugcina, uyaqiniseka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa imfundo enempilo ngokukhipha izingane ezimotweni, iphuzu elibalulekile lokunakwa uma ucabanga ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhuluphala kwezingane emhlabeni.
Iziphetho zomuzi wezingane
Le ncwadi "imayelana nokwamukela ukwehlukahlukana kwangaphakathi kwengane njengesiqiniseko sakho konke ukuhlukahluka", njengoba idolobha elifanele izingane liyidolobha elilungele bonke abantu.
Le ncwadi isivumela ukuba siqonde isidingo esiphuthumayo sokunakekela izingane emadolobheni ethu kanye nomsebenzi wethu wokusungula izinjongo ezithile zokuqalisa uguquko endleleni ezihlelwa ngayo, kucatshangelwa izingane njengezici ezibalulekile zokucabanga kabusha ukusebenzisana kwazo.
KuFrancesco, idolobha ngemuva kwezimoto idolobha lezingane. Umema wonke umuntu ukuba akholelwe ukuthi le Utopia ingenzeka futhi uhlale egcizelela ukuthi idolobha lakusasa kufanele likhuliswe namuhla. Uthi: “Uma abantu abadala bengabalaleli (izingane), sizoba nezinkinga eziningi.”
