Ngonyaka ngamunye, i 30 ngoNovembaI-Argentina imisa isimiso sayo isikhashana ukuze ihloniphe isiko elithinta izizukulwane ngezizukulwane: Usuku Lukazwelonke LomlinganiAkulona nje usuku ekhalendeni, kodwa izaba zokugqamisa ukubaluleka kwamasiko, umlando, nomnotho walokhu kufakwa ezimpilweni zansuku zonke zezigidi zabantu.
Umlingani usephenduke a uphawu lwe-Southern ConeKodwa umthelela wayo unqamula izilwandle nemingcele: sekuyiminyaka uthola indawo EYurophu naseNyakatho Melikalapho livela khona ngendlela ye-infusions, iziphuzo zamandla, nezithasiselo. Noma kunjalo, umzuliswano wendabuko onekhava nesibani usewusiko oluhlanganisa kangcono ubunjalo bawo.
Kungani iNational Mate Day igujwa ngoNovemba 30?
Isikhumbuzo sika- Usuku Lukazwelonke Lomlingani Inakho kokubili umsuka womthetho kanye nongokomfanekiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i ICongress of the Argentina Nation Wamemezela umlingani ngo-2013 njengo "i-infusion kazwelonke"ngokusemthethweni ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kwayo emasikweni ezwe. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ngokusebenzisa i- Umthetho we-27.117, kwalungiswa 30 ngoNovemba njengosuku lokugubha minyaka yonke.
Lolo suku alukhethwanga ngokungahleliwe: luqondana ne ukuzalwa kuka-Andrés “Andresito” Guacurarí (1778), umholi waseGuarani kanye Umbusi weMisiones phakathi kuka-1815 no-1819Isibalo sakhe sixhumene ngqo ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-yerba mate esifundeni, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lapho kwafinyelelwa khona khawula ukungena kwe-Paraguay yerba mate ukuvikela abakhiqizi bendawo.
Lo mgubho wasungulwa ngokusemthethweni phakathi kuka-2014 no-2015 futhi, kusukela lapho, ususebenze njengohlaka lwemikhankaso yokuxhumana nabantu, imisebenzi yamasiko, kanye nezinhlelo zokukhangisa ezweni lonke. Isisekelo salokhu inhloso ecacile: ukwenza i-yerba mate supply chain ibonakale, umsebenzi wasemaphandleni ohlobene nokubaluleka kwezenhlalo nezomnotho okukhiqizwa yilo msebenzi.
Ngaleso sikhathi, izikhungo ezihlukahlukene—njenge I-National Institute of Yerba Mate (INYM)- bathatha ithuba lokusabalalisa izibalo zokusetshenziswa, idatha yokukhiqiza kanye nezincomo zokulungiselela, begcizelela umqondo wokuthi umlingani, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagugu amasiko kanye nenjini ekhiqizayo.
Isiko lansuku zonke elingaphumi esitayeleni
E-Argentina, umlingani uvela izikwele, amahhovisi, amakilasi, uhambo kanye nemiziKuyingxenye yesidlo sasekuseni, ingena ekudleni kwantambama, futhi ihambisana nezinsuku ezinde zokufunda noma zokusebenza. Kwabaningi, "umsindo ongemuva" wempilo yansuku zonke: udliwa ngaphandle kokucabanga, ngenkathi uxoxa, ubuka uchungechunge, noma ujabulela ukuthula.
Leso sikhundla esiyilungelo asiyona ingozi. I-Mate isebenza njenge umkhuba wokuhlanganaIsibani, esidluliswa esandleni siye kwesinye, sihlela ingxoxo, imaka ikhefu, futhi idale umphakathi omncane, wesikhashana. Ngakho-ke ukuhlotshaniswa kwayo ne ubungane, ukungenisa izihambi, nobunganeizici abantu abaningi base-Argentina abazibona njengezabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiko likude kakhulu nokuqina. Zihlala ndawonye. i-gourd mate gourds zakudala ngezinguqulo ze- ingilazi, insimbi engagqwali noma abicah, bayanda amakhambi e-organic, inhlanganisela enongiwe kanye nemikhiqizo ye-boutiqueFuthi ama-thermos ahlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ezikufundisa ukuthi ulenza kanjani itiye ziyavela. Naphezu kokuqanjwa okusha okungaka, umnyombo wesiko—ukwabelana ngokufakwa okulula embuthanweni— ihlala injalo.
Eminyakeni yamuva, idatha esemthethweni ibonisa ukuthi lo mkhuba awugcini nje ngokubamba kodwa uyakhula. I-INYM iqophe a ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwe-yerba mate cishe ngo-12% ezikhathini ezithile zamuva, ngokupakishwa kwe ingxenye yekhilogremu ukuhlanganisa isikhundla sabo njengezintandokazi zabathengi, ngaphambi kwamaphakheji ekhilogremu.
Kukhona noshintsho emasikweni ngendlela adliwa ngayo: nakuba umzuliswano okwabelwana ngawo uhlala uyisithombe sakudala, ukusetshenziswa abalingani ngabanye, umkhuba owazuza amandla ngemva kwalolu bhubhane futhi abaningi abawugcinayo ukuze kube lula noma ukuhlanzeka.
Imvelaphi ye-Guarani kanye nokwandiswa kokufakwa kwe-American
Umlingani une imvelaphi emidala kakhulu kune-Argentina uqobo. I Abantu baseGuarani Yibo abaqala ukusebenzisa amahlamvu ka I-Holly yaseParaguarian, umuthi womdabu wase Ihlathi laseParanáukulungisa isiphuzo esinemiphumela evuselelayo kanye nokuqukethwe okuqinile okungokomoya nokuhlanganyela.
Kuleyo miphakathi, imifino—eyaziwa ngokuthi caa- yadliwa ngaphakathi amasiko ahlangene futhi yayihlafunwa noma isetshenziswe njenge into yokuhwebelana nabanye abantu bomdabu. I-infusion yayiphakelwa ezitsheni ezifanayo nezanamuhla futhi yayiphuzwa izigxobo zoqalo, isandulela esiqondile sesibani sesimanje.
Ngokufika kwe- Amakoloni aseSpain futhi, kamuva, kwe Imishini yamaJesuitIsiko lasakazeka kuyo yonke indawo I-Viceroyalty ye-Río de la PlataNakuba ekuqaleni abanye abantu benkolo babebona lo mkhuba “njengobubi” okufanele ulinganiselwe, ngokushesha bashintsha ukuma kwabo lapho beqaphela amandla awo kwezomnotho kanye nokuba usizo kwawo ekufezeni izinhloso zabo. susa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala phakathi kwabantu bomdabu.
Ngekhulu le-17, izindlela zokutshala nokucubungula zase ziphelele, futhi isitshalo saqala ukuthunyelwa kwezinye izifundazwe. Europalapho yakhangiswa khona njenge "Itiye lamaJesuit" ukuncintisana netiye laseBrithani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, babezoba yibo gugu ongahlanganisa umngane womshado njengomngane ongenakuhlukaniswa wempilo yasemaphandleni, kuze kube yilapho eyiphendula ibe uphawu lwesizwe.
Namuhla, isiko lokuphuza umngane womshado lisakazeka yonke indawo I-Argentina, i-Uruguay, iParaguay, eningizimu yeBrazil kanye nengxenye yeChileizwe ngalinye nge izinhlobonhlobo zabo lokushisa, isiqukathi, nendlela okwabelwana ngayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, imiphakathi efudukayo ilethe lokhu kufakwa emadolobheni aseYurophu, lapho isiqala ukuthatha indawo encane eduze kwamakhofi akhethekile namatiye.
Umkhakha wezomnotho obalulekile wase-Argentina onokufinyelela emhlabeni jikelele
Ngaphandle komfanekiso, i-yerba mate isekela a uchungechunge lokukhiqiza oluyinkimbinkimbi okubandakanya izinkulungwane zabakhiqizi, abavuni (abaziwa ngokuthi yi-tareferos), ama-cooperatives, izindawo zokomisa, kanye nezimboni. Ukulima kugxile cishe kuphela endaweni Isifunda saseMisiones futhi i enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCorrientes, izindawo eziyingqayizivele lapho isimo sezulu kanye nenhlabathi ebomvu ecebile edingwa isitshalo kuhlangana khona.
I-Argentina okwamanje iyizwe umkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni we-yerba mateEzinye izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi isivuno sihlala endaweni yonke Amahektha angama-165.000 nokuthi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuvunwa kwamaqabunga aluhlaza kuye kwazungeza 800 million kilosKusukela ekutshaleni kuze kube yilapho iphakethe lifika emashalofini, inqubo ingathatha cishe iminyaka emihlanu: cishe okune ukuze isihlahla sifinyelele ekuvuthweni okudingekayo futhi, ngemva kwalokho, okungenani unyaka owodwa wesitoreji kumswakama olawulwayo nezindawo zokugcina izinga lokushisa.
El Imakethe yasekhaya yase-Argentina Imunca ukukhiqizwa okuningi, ngokusetshenziswa, ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, okudlula kude amakhulu ezigidi zamakhilogremu ngonyakaLokhu kubeka umlingani ngaphezulu... ikhofi, itiye neziphuzo ezibandayo mayelana nomthamo wokusetshenziswa, ukukuhlanganisa njengesiphuzo esisabalele kakhulu ezweni.
Ngokuhambisanayo, lo mkhakha ubulokhu uthola isisekelo ukuhweba ngamazwe ngamazweAmazwe aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ajwayelene ne-yerba mate kukho kokubili kwendabuko kanye ... izimpushana ezisheshayo, izithasiselo zokudla neziphuzo ezinikeza amandlaKubathengi abaningi kulezi zifunda, umdwebo oyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa kwayo umphumela ovuselelayo kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-antioxidant.
Lokhu kukhula kwangaphandle kuye kwaqhuba ukuvela kwe Imikhiqizo eyisipesheli, imigqa ye-organic, nemikhiqizo ephezulu ye-value-addedabafuna ukuzehlukanisa ngokuxuba namakhambi, izitifiketi zomsuka, noma ukuzizwisa okuqondisiwe kokunambitha. Izikhala ziyavela njengokuthi iminyuziyamu yomlingani kanye nesipiliyoni sezokuvakasha sewayini esiguqulelwe emhlabeni we-yerba mate, ngokunambitha, ukubhanqa kanye nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zokulungiselela.
Indlela yokuphuza i-mate: ukuhlukahluka nezindlela zokuyidla
Uma ubuza noma yikuphi e-Argentina ukuthi ungamlungiselela kanjani umlingani "wangempela", cishe uzothola okulandelayo: izindlela zokupheka eziningi njengoba kunabantuKodwa-ke, kukhona amafomu akudala aphindaphindwa ezweni lonke futhi abangele ukuhlukahluka kwesifunda.
Okusakazeke kakhulu yi- bendabuko hot mateIsitsha sigcwaliswa cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine sigcwele i-yerba mate, sinyakaziswa ukuze uthuli oluhle kakhulu lukhuphuke luye phezulu futhi lungalahlwa noma luqoqwe eceleni, futhi umlingani uyatshekiswa ukuze akhe "intaba encane" evamile. Bese kuthi indawo engezansi imanziswe kancane... amanzi afudumele futhi isibani sifakiwe. Kusuka lapho, kuqalwa nge amanzi aphakathi kuka-70 no-80 °CGwema ukuyiyeka ibile ukuze ingashisi i-yerba mate. Umuntu ngamunye uyazikhethela ukuthi uyathanda yini. okubabayo noma okunoshukela.
Okunye okuhlukile okuthandwa kakhulu yi- i-yerba mate enamakhambi anephunga elimnandi, evamile ezifundazweni ezifana Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, La Rioja noma JujuyAmaqabunga omisiwe engezwa esitshalweni. burrito, i-mint, i-lemon verbena, i-boldo, i-lemon balm, i-marcela, i-sage, i-peppermint noma ezinye izinhlobo zendawo, ezibheka ama-nuances of flavour noma izinzuzo ezicatshangelwayo zokugaya ukudla.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele zesimo sezulu, okulandelayo kuyagqama: tereré, ukumnika okubandayo okunezimpande eziqinile phakathi I-Paraguay kanye nogu lwase-ArgentinaIlungiswa ngendlela efanayo kumlingani, kodwa iyasetshenziswa amanzi abandayo noma amajusi emvelo eyenziwe ngezithelo ezifana nelamula, i-grapefruit, noma i-orange. Umphumela uba isiphuzo esiqabulayo, abaningi abasisebenzisa ehlobo njengesiphuzo esilula kunomlingani oshisayo.
Ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezifundeni ezibandayo kuvamile hlangana nobisiKulokhu, izinyathelo zomlingani wendabuko zilandelwa, kodwa amanzi athathelwa indawo ubisi olushisayoevamise ukuthakwa ushukela noma uju. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isibani sensimbi ukugwema ukuvinjelwa, njengoba ubisi luvame ukushiya izinsalela eziningi.
Okungaziwa kakhulu, nakuba kushiwo ngokwandayo, yi- hlangana ne coconutIqukethe ukuhlanganisa imifino ne ukhukhunathi ochotshoziwe noma okhishiwekancane noma ngokuphelele, futhi uqalise ngamanzi ashisayo ebangeni lokushisa elifanayo. Inikeza ukunambitheka okubushelelezi nokunephunga elimnandi, okuthinta ubumnandi obukhanga labo abafuna amaphrofayili ababayo kancane.
Umlingane njengophawu lwamasiko nezenhlalo
Ngokombono ongokomfanekiso, umngane womshado uthatha indawo iziphuzo ezimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukuyifinyelela. Akukhona nje ukumnika okune-caffeine: kuyi-a indlela yokuba nabanyeUmuntu oqala umdlalo uhlela ukuhleleka komzuliswano, anqume ukuthi uphela nini, futhi abe, okwesikhashana, umphathi walowo mbuthano omncane.
Akumangalisi ukuthi, ezinkulumweni ezihlukahlukene ezingokomthetho nemikhankaso, umbono omelela umngane womshado ukuphana, ukusondelana kanye nomphakathiIkhona ngezikhathi zokubungaza, kodwa nangezikhathi zokulila, amashifu amade asesibhedlela, noma ubusuku bokufunda. Isebenza njengekhodi okwabelwana ngayo: noma ubani owamukela umngane womshado ngokuvamile naye wamukela isikhashana sobungane.
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, lobu bukhulu buvuse isithakazelo ezindaweni ezifana i-anthropology kanye nenhlalo yabantuUcwaningo oluningana luhlaziye ukuthi yerba mate yenza kanjani umazisi womphakathi wase-Argentina kanye ne-Southern Cone, nokuthi ukuba khona kwabo ekufudukeni kusiza kanjani ukuqinisa isibopho nezwe lendabuko.
Ngakho-ke, isimemezelo somlingani njenge ukumnika kazwelonke ngo-2013 kanye nokudalwa kwe Usuku Lukazwelonke Lomlingani Ahunyushwa nje kuphela njengokuqashelwa komkhiqizo wezimboni zezolimo, kodwa njengomzamo ukuvikela uphawu lwamasiko oluphilayo okwenziwa kabusha nsuku zonke.
Okwamanje, ngisho nasezimweni ezisemthethweni noma zesikhungo, Kuvamile ukubona abantu bephuza abangane bomshado emihlanganweni yomsebenzi, emahhovisi omphakathi, noma emihlanganweni yezemfundo., into iziphuzo ezimbalwa "ezingakwazi ukuyikhokhela" ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imvelo noma ukungathí sina.
Impilo, isayensi kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-yerba mate
Intshisekelo ku-yerba mate ayikhawulelwe emkhakheni wamasiko noma wezomnotho kuphela. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ucwaningo lwesayensi ubelokhu ejula kweyakhe izinzuzo okungenzeka yerba mate, ikakhulukazi exhunywe nokuqukethwe kwayo kwe izinhlanganisela eziphilayo kanye namandla ayo e-antioxidant.
Kusuka ku National Institute of Yerba Mate kanye namanyuvesi ahlukahlukene agcizelela ukuthi ama-infusions enziwe nge-yerba mate, ngokuvamile, ama-calories aphansi, i-sodium ephansi, futhi ayinawo amafuthangaphandle kokuthi ushukela oweqile awufakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayahlinzeka ama-polyphenols nama-methylxanthines, izinto ezine-antioxidant namandla avuselelayo.
Abacwaningi bathanda i U-Ana Thea, isazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayoAbacwaningi baseNational University of Misiones baveza ukuthi umlingani angathathwa njengo umkhuba onempilo uma ihlanganiswe kumongo we ukudla okunomsoco, ukuvivinya umzimba kanye neminye imikhuba efanele yokuphilaPhakathi kwezingxenye ezithakaselwa kakhulu isayensi yi- i-chlorogenic acid futhi ezithile flavonoidokuyinto ndawonye imele nxazonke 10% wesisindo esomile samaqabunga.
Eminye imisebenzi yakamuva igxile ekutadisheni umphumela we-prebiotic ongaba khona yalezi zinhlanganisela, okungukuthi, amandla abo okungenzeka ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane anenzuzo futhi ivimbele ama-microorganisms we-pathogenic emgudwini wamathumbu. Uma kuqinisekisiwe, i-yerba mate ingadlala indima ethokozisayo kumdlalo ibhalansi ye-microbiota, umkhakha wocwaningo owanda ngokushesha.
Ngokuhambisanayo, izifundo zamazwe ngamazwe seziqalile ukuhlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-yerba mate kanye impilo yomlomo namathamboUmsebenzi oshicilelwe kujenali I-International Endodontic Journal, ngokubamba iqhaza kwamaqembu avela ku- I-Paulista State University (Brazil) futhi i Inyuvesi yaseMichigan (United States), ihlaziye imiphumela yayo kumamodeli we I-periodontitis ye-apical, ukuvuvukala ekugcineni kwempande yezinyo.
Ucwaningo luthini nge-yerba mate kanye nempilo yomlomo
Lolu cwaningo lwakhiwe ngo amagundane kanye namasiko amaseli wamazinyo womuntuUkusebenzisa i-yerba mate powder esheshayo ehlanjululwe emanzini, ngemithamo eqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa komuntu okujwayelekile. Kwakhiwa amaqembu amane ezilwane: eyodwa enempilo, eyodwa eyathola kuphela i-yerba mate, enye ene-apical periodontitis, nenye ene-periodontitis plus yerba mate.
Kumamodeli ezilwane, ukusetshenziswa komlingani kufinyelelwe buyisela kancane amandla e-antioxidant eplasma futhi unciphise izimpawu ze ingcindezi oxidative, njenge-lipid peroxidation egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya izicubu kubonise a ukuvuvukala okuncane kungena emazinyweni kanye nomsebenzi oncishisiwe wamaseli anesibopho sokubhubhisa amathambo.
Izivivinyo zazihlanganisa i-microscopy, ukuhlaziywa kwe-biochemical kanye ne-3D computed tomography ukubuka ukwakheka kwemihlathi ngokuningiliziwe. Amaprotheni kanye nezimpawu ezifana I-IL-10, i-RANKL, i-TRAP ne-OPGkonke okuxhunyaniswe nezinqubo zokuvuvukala nokulahlekelwa kwamathambo, futhi umehluko ovumayo utholwe emaqenjini athola i-yerba mate.
Ku amangqamuzana omuntuIzingcaphuno ze-yerba mate zisize ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kanye nomsebenzi ojwayelekile wezicubu zamazinyo, kuyilapho ukwehla kwama-molecule athile avuthayo ahambisana nokulimala kwe-pulp kwabonwa.
Ongoti bayathanda UJuan FerrarioUmcwaningi we-CONICET kanye nomlobi wencwadi ethi "The Science of Mate", yazisa le miphumela njenge isixhumanisi esifanele ekwakhiweni kobufakazi mayelana nemiphumela engaba khona yekhambi. Nokho, bayagcizelela ukuthi kunjalo amamodeli ezilwane kanye nezifundo zaselabhorethriNgakho-ke, kusesekuseni kakhulu ukucabanga ngezicelo zomtholampilo eziqondile.
Ababhali bomsebenzi ngokwabo bayakugcizelela lokho izivivinyo zemitholampilo azikabi khona ezihlola umthelela we-yerba mate kubantu abane-apical periodontitis, futhi akwaziwa ukuthi yini umthamo namafomethi Angasebenza kangcono njengomphelelisi wokwelapha ongase ube khona. Okwamanje, isiphetho esiyinhloko ukuthi yerba mate, ngaphansi kwezimo ezivivinyiwe, Ayizange ibonise imiphumela eyingozi kumagundane. futhi ivula umugqa othembisayo wocwaningo.
I-Europe, iNyakatho Melika kanye nemephu entsha yomlingani
Ngenkathi ese-Argentina umlingani uhlala ehlanganiswe kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke kangangokuthi ngokuvamile ayinakwa, ku EYurophu naseNyakatho Melika Iqala ukwethula iphrofayela ehlukile. Lapho, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nemiqondo enjengokuthi amandla emvelo, indlela yokuphila enempilo kanye nomkhiqizo ongavamile, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ingene ezindaweni ezithile zabathengi.
Kulezi zimakethe, i-yerba mate ibonakala Itholakala ngempushana encibilikayo, amaphilisi, izikhwama zetiye, namafomethi alungele ukuphuzwangokuvamile kuhlanganiswe nezinye izithako. Iphrofayili yomthengi ejwayelekile umuntu oyifunayo ezinye izindlela zekhofi noma iziphuzo ezinoshukela omncane kuneziphuzo ezithambile zendabuko.
Ochwepheshe bokunambitha umlingani we-Yerba kanye nama-sommeliers bakhomba ukuthi, njengoba isithakazelo sikhula, nesidingo siyakhula imikhiqizo ye-organic, yemvelaphi eqinisekisiwe futhi ngokulungiselela ngokucophelelaLokhu kuvula amathuba kubakhiqizi abagxile ekuthekeliseni kwamanye amazwe eMisiones naseCorrientes, kodwa futhi kubangela izinselelo ngokwezindinganiso zekhwalithi, ukusimama, kanye nokulandeleka.
Emadolobheni aseYurophu, ngaphezu kwalokho, aqala ukwanda amathilomu okukhethekile nemigoqo okufaka i-yerba mate kumenyu yabo, kungaba ngendlela yayo yendabuko noma ehunyushwe kabusha kuma-cocktails, iziphuzo ezibandayo, kanye nezinhlanganisela nobisi olusekelwe ezitshalweni. Kulezi zikhungo, ukumnika kwethulwa njengengxenye ye ukushintshana kwamasiko, ngokuvamile ehambisana nezincazelo ngemvelaphi yakhe yesiGuarani nendima yakhe emphakathini wase-Argentina.
Konke lokhu kunyakaza kuqinisa umbono wokuthi i-yerba mate akasenawo umkhiqizo wasendaweni futhi usephenduke waba umdlali osebenza kakhulu emakethe yesiphuzo yomhlabangomlando wayo kanye nokulandisa kwamasiko okwengeza ukubaluleka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho.
Ibhekwa njengephelele, i Usuku Lukazwelonke Lomlingani Kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo sobunzima obufihliwe ngemuva kwesenzo esilula njengokulungiselela nokwabelana ngokufakwa. Kulelo hlava elibonakala lingenasizotha, izinto eziningi ziyahlangana. Iminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu yomlando, izinqubo zomphakathi, umnotho wesifunda, nemibuzo yesayensi evulekileKusukela emasimini abomvu eMisiones kuya emakhefi aseBerlin noma eLondon, umlingani uyaqhubeka nokuzisungula ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yini eyenza kubonakale: isiphuzo, ngaphezu kokuqeda ukoma, ikumema ukuthi nihlale phansi nikhulume.
