Sithola ukuthi yini engaphakathi kweMariana Trench, indawo ejulile kakhulu olwandle lweplanethi yethu. Indawo eye yavusa ilukuluku labacwaningi nanoma ubani onothando ngeplanethi, izilwandle, kanye/noma izimfihlakalo ezinazo.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla sifuna ukukhuluma ngoMsele iMariana, ukuthi uyini, ukuthi yini engaphakathi kuwo, nokuthi kungani udonsele ukunaka okukhulu selokhu waziwa.
I-Mariana Trench
I-Mariana Trench esabekayo kodwa ethakazelisayo itholakala phansi koLwandlekazi iPacific , empumalanga yeziQhingi zaseMariana, lapho iqanjwe khona igama layo. Iwumsele wolwandle ojulile kakhulu okhona, noma okungenani ojulile kakhulu owaziwayo kuze kube manje. Ifinyelela ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi- 11.034 endaweni yayo ejulile kakhulu , i-Challenger Deep.
Yindawo evuse isithakazelo esikhulu emphakathini wesayensi ngoba inikeza ulwazi oluningi olumangalisayo mayelana nomlando woMhlaba kanye nokwakheka koqweqwe lwawo lolwandle. Amatshe nezihlabathi ezingaphansi kweMariana Trench kunezinto eziningi ezingatshelwa izazi ze-geology; zingaveza ulwazi mayelana namapuleti e-tectonic noma izenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba, isibonelo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngala mapuleti, ungafunda ngesimo sangempela soMhlaba.
Le ndawo emangalisayo, enokuningi esingasifundisa kona, ibhekene, njengephesenti elikhulu lezindawo zasolwandle, nosongo lokungcoliswa kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezinsiza ngabantu. Ukubaluleka kwayo okukhulu kusho ukuthi kumele ivikelwe futhi ilondolozwe; iyindawo yefa lemvelo. Indawo eyingqayizivele eheha abavakashi kanye nososayensi ngokufanayo. Indawo ebhekwa njengesikhumbuzo sezwe sasolwandle, yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO ngo-Ephreli 12, 2017 .
Namuhla, imisebenzi eminingi yabantu, njengokumba izimayini, ukumba, kanye nokudoba kwezentengiselwano kanye nokuzijabulisa, ayivunyelwe. Iziqhingi eziqamba lo msele zibaluleke kakhulu emasikweni asePolynesia naseMicronesia. Zakha iziqhingi ezingu-14 ezakha iCommonwealth yeziQhingi zaseNorthern Mariana kanye nendawo yaseGuam.
Igama leziqhingi, futhi ngenxa yalokho igama leTrench, livela kuNdlovukazi waseSpain uMariana wase-Austria (1634-1696), umkaPhilip IV waseSpain.
Kwavela kanjani?
I-Mariana Trench yaqala ngokushayisana kwamapuleti amabili e-tectonic : i-Pacific Plate kanye ne-Philippine Plate. I-Pacific Plate ishelela ngaphansi kwe-Philippine Plate (inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-subduction), idala umsele omkhulu, igebe, noma uqhekeko phansi kolwandle. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngalesi simo, bheka isihloko sethu mayelana nokuthi iyini i-Mariana Trench.
Yini esingayithola ngaphakathi kweMariana Trench?
Siyazi ukuthi iMariana Trench iyindawo ejulile kakhulu olwandle, kodwa akuyona indawo eseduze kakhulu nendawo ephakathi yoMhlaba. Iplanethi yethu ibunjwe njenge-spheroid egobile, okusho ukuthi ayiyona indilinga ephelele, njengoba i-radius yayo incane ngamakhilomitha angama-25 emaphethelweni uma kuqhathaniswa ne-equator. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izitezi zolwandle (njengezingxenye zoLwandlekazi i-Arctic) ziseduze nendawo ephakathi yoMhlaba kunendawo ejulile kakhulu yoLwandlekazi iMariana Trench.
Impilo yasolwandle
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunzima ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu, i-Mariana Trench ayiyona into engathandeki ngokuphelele; empeleni, iyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezilwane zasolwandle. Ama-giant clams, izinkalankala zaseMariana, kanye nezibungu ze-polychaete konke kungatholakala lapho. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zivumelaniswa nezimo zomsele, okuhlanganisa ukucindezela okuphezulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi, kanye nobumnyama. Ama-mineral deposits kanye nama-microorganisms adla kuwo nawo angatholakala . Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngokuphila kule ndawo, ungabheka isihloko sethu mayelana nokuphila kwezilwane eMseleni waseMariana.
Ingxenye enkulu yezilwane ezihlala lapho ziyizinhlobo ezinkulu , futhi uma sithi ezinkulu, sisho izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu—ezingafani neze nezihlobo zazo ezihlala emanzini angajulile. Uma unesithakazelo ezweni lezilwane, ungafunda kabanzi ngalo.
Ukucindezela
Ukujula okukhulu komsele kubangela ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu phansi kwawo, kufinyelele ku -1086 bar . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuphila okungaphezulu akukwazi ukusinda kulokho kujula. Izinto eziphilayo ezijwayelene nalezo zimo kuphela ezingasinda lapho.
Ngisho nalesi nselele, abantu bakwazile ukufinyelela eqophelweni elijulile lomsele. Ngo-1960, umhloli wamazwe waseSwitzerland uJacques Piccard kanye noLieutenant we-U.S. Navy uDon Walsh bafika eqophelweni elijulile , i-Challenger Deep. Ngenxa yalesi senzo, bahamba ngesikebhe i-bathyscaphe Trieste bafika eqophelweni elijulile kunawo wonke ake awela olwandle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi, ama-crustacean, ama-mollusk, izinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa, kanye namagciwane ziye zatholakala lapho ezingasinda ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zomsele. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalezi mpumelelo, hlola isihloko sethu mayelana nokuthi ubani owehlele eqophelweni elijulile emhlabeni.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinkambo ezahlukahlukene ezenziwayo, njengalezo zango-2011, 2014 noma 2017, bezilokhu zithola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane ezazibonisa ukuhlangana okuthile phakathi kokujula kanye nobukhulu bezakhamuzi zakhona.
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu
Izinga lokushisa phansi kolwandle liyabanda; phansi komsele ojulile, liyabanda, phakathi kuka-1 no-4°C. Kodwa umsele unezindawo zokungenisa umoya ezisebenzisa amanzi ashisayo, futhi eduze kwawo, izinga lokushisa lidlula u-500°C ngenxa ye-magma. Ezinye zalezi zindawo zokungenisa umoya ziyizitshimini ezicishe zibe yi-cylindrical ezakhiwe amaminerali azikhiphayo kanye nomehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lezinto ezikhishwa emiseleni namanzi abandayo phansi kolwandle. Uma unesifiso sokufunda ngamanzi kanye nezinga lokushisa lawo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde ngamanzi olwandle.
Ukujula nobumnyama
Ukuthi umsele ujulile kucacile, kodwa ukuze siqonde ngempela ukujula kwawo, singawuqhathanisa nentaba ende kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Uma singabeka iNtaba i-Everest ngaphakathi komsele, isiqongo sayo besizoba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphezu kobuso. Endaweni enjalo, ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli futhi ubumnyama buphelele; ngakho-ke, izilwane ezihlala lapho ziyazivumelanisa nalezi zimo.
