Sithola ukuthi yini engaphakathi kweMariana Trench, indawo ejulile olwandle yeplanethi yethu. Indawo evuse ilukuluku labacwaningi nanoma ubani onokuqagela ngeplanethi, izilwandle kanye/noma izimfihlakalo ezikuyo.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla sifuna ukukhuluma ngeMariana Trench, ukuthi iyini, Yini engaphakathi futhi kungani iye yadonsa ukunaka okungaka? njengoba kwaziwa.
I-Mariana Trench
Okuphazamisayo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, okuthakazelisayo kwe-Mariana Trench etholakala ngaphansi koLwandlekazi iPacific, esempumalanga ye-Mariana Islands lapho igama layo livela khona. Iwumsele ojulile wasolwandle okhona noma, okungenani, owaziwayo namuhla. Ayiqukethe lutho futhi akukho ngaphansi kokukodwas 11.034 amamitha ukujula endaweni yayo ejulile, i-Challenger Deep.
Yindawo evuse isasasa elikhulu emphakathini wesayensi ngoba inikeza a Amandla ahlaba umxhwele olwazi ngomlando woMhlaba kanye nokwakheka koqweqwe lwawo olwandle. Amatshe nezinsalela ezansi koMsele waseMariana zinokuningi okumelwe zitshele izazi zokwakheka komhlaba; bangasitshela ngamapuleti e-tectonic noma izenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba, isibonelo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalawa mapuleti, ungafunda nge ukuma kwangempela komhlaba.
Le ndawo emangalisayo enokuningi esingasifundisa khona, njengoba kwenzeka ngenani elikhulu lezilwane zasolwandle, usongo lokunukubezeka nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngesandla somuntu. Intshisekelo yayo enkulu isho ukuthi iyindawo yokuvikela nokulondoloza, iyifa lemvelo. Indawo ehlukile eheha abantu abasha nososayensi. Indawo ethathwa njengesikhumbuzo sasolwandle sikazwelonke nokuthi ngo-Ephreli 12, 2017 yasuka yaba khona Amagugu esintu ngu-unesco.
Namuhla bakhona imisebenzi eminingi yabantu eyenqatshelwe njengokumba izimayini nokumba noma kokubili ukudoba ngenjongo yokudayisa kanye nezemidlalo. Iziqhingi ngokwazo eziqanjwe ngalo msele ziyizindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emasikweni asePolynesia naseMicronesia. Kuneziqhingi ezingu-14 ezakha iCommonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, kanye nendawo yaseGuam.
Igama leziqhingi futhi, ngakho-ke, lelo leFosa, libangelwa Indlovukazi yaseSpain uMariana wase-Austria (1634-1696), umkaPhilip IV waseSpain.
Kwavela kanjani?
I-Mariana Trench inomsuka wayo ku-a ukungqubuzana kwamapuleti amabili e-tectonic: I-Pacific Plate kanye ne-Philippine Plate. Eyokuqala kokubili izika ngaphansi kwesibili (into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-subduction), idala umsele omkhulu, umsele, noma uqhekeke phansi olwandle. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngalesi simo, bheka isihloko sethu Iyini i-Mariana Trench?.
Yini esingayithola ngaphakathi kweMariana Trench?
Siyazi ukuthi i-Mariana Trench iyindawo ejulile olwandle, kodwa Akuyona indawo eseduze nendawo ephakathi noMhlaba. Iplanethi yethu imise okwe-oblate spheroid, okungukuthi, ayiyona indilinga ephelele njengoba i-radius yayo iba yincane ngo-25km ezigxotsheni maqondana nenkabazwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izilwandle (njengezingxenye ze-Arctic Ocean) ziseduze nendawo emaphakathi yoMhlaba kunendawo ejulile ye-Mariana Trench.
Impilo yasolwandle
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunzima ngenxa yokucindezela okukhulu kwendawo, akusiyo indawo engamukeleki ngokuphelele, kodwa umsele uyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle. Ingatholakala izimbaza ezinkulu, izinkalankala zaseMariana noma izikelemu ze-polychaete. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zivumelanisa nezimo zomgodi, okubandakanya ukucindezela okukhulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nobumnyama. Ukwengeza, ungathola futhi idiphozithi yamaminerali nama-microorganisms ezidla kuzo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuphila kule ndawo, ungabheka isihloko sethu esithi impilo yezilwane ku-Mariana Trench.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezilwane ezihlala lapho kukhona izinhlobo ezinkulu, futhi uma sikhuluma ngemidondoshiya sisho imidondoshiya, akufani nezihlobo zabo zasemanzini angashoni. Uma unentshisekelo ngezilwane, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezilwane.
Ukucindezela
Ukujula okukhulu komgodi kwenza ukucindezela phansi kwawo kudlulele kakhulu, kufinyelele 1086 ibha. Okusho ukuthi, ukuphila okusizungezile phezu komhlaba akukwazi ukusinda ekujuleni. Yizinto eziphilayo ezijwayele lezi zinhlobo zezimo ezingaphila kuzo.
Nakuleyo nkinga, abantu bakwazile ukufinyelela ekujuleni komgodi. Ngo-1960, umhloli wamazwe waseSwitzerland uJacques Piccard kanye noLieutenant Wamasosha Asolwandle wase-United States uDon Walsh bakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni ejulile., i-Challenger Deep. Ngokwenza lokhu bagibela i-bathyscaphe Trieste futhi bakwazi ukufinyelela ekujuleni okujulile abantu abake behlela olwandle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwatholakala izinhlobo ezintsha zezinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusk, izinto eziphilayo ezinengqamuzana elilodwa, namagciwane angaphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu zomsele. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zici, bheka isihloko sethu ku owehlele endaweni ejulile emhlabeni.
Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, izinkambo ezehlukene ezenziwayo njengalolo lwango-2011, 2014 noma 0, Bebelokhu bethola izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane okwafika ukukhombisa inyunyana ethile phakathi kokujula kanye nobukhulu bezakhamuzi zakhona.
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu
Izinga lokushisa ngaphansi kolwandle liyabanda, ngaphansi komsele ojulile kubanda, phakathi kuka-1 no-4ºC. Kodwa umgodi unama-hydrothermal vents futhi eduze kwawo izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kwalokho 500ºC ngenxa ye-magma. Eminye yale mithombo cishe ingoshimula abayisilinda abakhiwe amaminerali abawakhiphayo kanye nomehluko okhiqizwa phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi akhishwa imithombo kanye namanzi aneqhwa phansi olwandle. Uma unesithakazelo ekutadisheni kwamanzi kanye nezinga lokushisa kwawo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana amanzi olwandle.
Ukujula nobumnyama
Ukuthi umgodi ujulile kube sobala kithi, kodwa ukuze sithole umbono wokuthi ujule kangakanani singawuqhathanisa nentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke ekhona phezulu. Uma sifaka i-Mount Everest ngaphakathi komsele, isiqongo sayo singase sibe ngaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ukusuka phezulu. Endaweni efana nalena, ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli futhi ubumnyama abuphelele, yingakho izilwane ezihlala lapho zijwayela lesi simo.
