I-Tartary usunayo inguqulo ethinta umphakathi njengamanje. Kukhona i-Tartary eyayaziwa emlandweni futhi engena ngaphakathi kwemibono yozungu. Kumayelana nokwazi i-Tartary okwakungaziwa kuze kube manje nakwabaningi, ngokomlando kanye nenguqulo entsha enikezwayo manje. Igama elithi Tartary noma i-Great Tartary Yigama elaziwa ngeYurophu yasendulo, kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi kuya ekhulwini le-19.
Kumamephu ibonakala ihlanganisa izindawo ezithile endaweni ebanzi. izindawo ezifana neRussia, Ukraine, Mongolia, Central Asian republic ngisho China. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezaziwa ngokuthi i-Tartaria Magna, indawo eyayaziwa e-Europe futhi eyaklanywa abahambi abambalwa.
Iyini i-Tartary?
I-Tartary yayiyinsimu enkulu eyafinyelela eYurophu, kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi kuya ekhulwini le-19. Yayihlanganisa indawo enkulu yomhlaba eyahamba kusukela oLwandle iCaspian kuya ezintabeni zase-Ural. Umkhathi omkhulu we-Asia emaphakathi nenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, kanye nezindawo eziningana ezifinyelela oLwandlekazini iPacific, ezihlala abantu baseTurkic namaMongol, ababebizwa ngokuthi amaTatar. Izindawo ezifakiwe njengamanje ESiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude YaseRussia, eTurkestan, eGreater Mongolia, eManchuria naseTibet.
Ngokomlando wayo, phakathi kwekhulu le-16 nele-19, i-Tartary kwakuyigama elinikezwe ezindaweni ezichazwe ngenhla, phakathi kwezindawo zaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude yaseRussia. Abantu ababehlala kulezi zindawo kwakungamaTatar, okuyigama eliqanjwa izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni aseMongol. Kodwa leli gama layeka ukusetshenziswa lapho uMbuso WaseRussia uthatha izindawo ezisempumalanga neSiberia.
Awukho umlando ochaziwe wendawo ye-Tartary
Igama elithi Tartary Ayichazwa njengendawo ye-enclave enencazelo yayo. Kunabacwaningi abaningi, ababhali nabathanda umlando abanikeza idatha ebonisa amaphuzu afanayo namanye chaza izingxabano nezinguqulo zezepolitiki ezingachazi lesi sifunda njengendawo enhle noma engalungile.
Isibonelo, singathola isifundo esiphelele ku-monograph eshicilelwe ye Svetlana Gorshenina ngo-2014. Yabizwa "Ukusungulwa kwe-Asia Ephakathi: Umlando Womqondo osuka e-Tartary ukuya e-Eurasia". Ichaza ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwe-Tartary namaTatar ayo, okuphawulwa ubuzwe, ku-pseudoscience yangemva kweSoviet kanye negama lokuqala le-Imperial Russia yangaphambili.
Ngokusho kweminye imibhalo eqoqwe ezincwadini zasendulo ngisho nasezincwadini, i-Tartary Ibekwe njengendawo enonya nebi, ngezindawo ezidabukisayo, ezinobutha kanye nabantu basendle. Le ndawo bekungeyona ebukeka kahle kakhulu, ngoba ibihlobene ne Abantu baseTurkey nabaseMongolia. Le ndawo yalahlekelwa ukuzwana kwayo okuhle ngenxa yala mathonya futhi wayiguqula yaba indawo yokwesaba, ubugqila, inqubekelaphambili kanye nobuqaba.
Ngale mashi, amaRussia asebenzisa leli thuba ukuze akwazi athethelele imashi yakhe ebheke empumalanga yombuso wama-tsars. Ngakho-ke bagwema ukuxhumanisa i-Tartary nezwe labo. Nokho, eNtshonalanga, iTartary yahlanganiswa noMbuso WaseRussia futhi kamuva neSoviet Union.
I-tartary ezincwadini
I-tartary ilethwe ezincwadini njengendawo eqanjwe ababhali bayo, mhlawumbe indawo ecatshangelwayo kanye nendawo abaningi abangayifinyelela. Singakubona kwabanye ababhali esibalula manje:
- Evariste Règis Huc, Ungumfundisi wezenkolo nombhali owashicilela “Izinkumbulo zohambo lwaseTartary, eTibet naseChina phakathi neminyaka ka-1844, 1845 no-1846”. Lapho i-Tartary ibuyisa inkumbulo yayo yobuzwe nobungane nalapho ibhekisa khona eMongolia.
- Jonathan Swift, ne "I-Gulliver's Travels". I-Tartary kukhulunywa ngayo izikhathi ezimbili, njengendawo lapho umuntu ayekwazi ukuhlola khona ngenye yezindlela zayo, ... ngale kweTartary kanye noLwandle Oluyi-Glacial... Izwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi i-Tartary eliphakathi kwezindawo zase-Japan ne-California ukwenza leso sisindo esikhulu.
- Chaucer, ku "Izinganekwane zaseCanterbury" Iphinde ikhulume ngeTartary, “njengesigodlo sasebukhosini saseTharthari.”
- Dino Buzzati, con “Ugwadule LwamaThartari.” I-Tartary ayimelwe encwadini yakhe njengensimu, kodwa njengophawu losongo olufihliwe kanye nezimpawu ezifanayo ezihlobene nokwesaba.
I-Tartary ngaphansi kwemibono ye-conspiracy
Leli gama lendawo belilokhu likhula ngesivinini kule minyaka futhi singaligcina kakhulu ngo-2016 nabasebenzisi be-inthanethi abakhuluma isiNgisi ngegama elithi "umbuso olahlekile waseTartary." Leli qembu litholakala ikakhulukazi e-United States futhi lingamalungu aseceleni kwe- Amaqembu e-QAnon.
Ngokusho kwenguqulo yakho, I-Tartary inguqulo ye-ahistorical, esekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo. Baphikisa ngokuthi izakhiwo eziningi zenkathi yasendulo ziye zacekelwa phansi noma zambozwa ngenxa yokuthi zazingezalo mbuso wezwe. Singakubona ku- "Isiteshi saseNew York Pennsylvania", ibhilidi elithi "Singer" noma amapheshana esikhashana "Emibukiso Yomhlaba" yasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 I-TartaryYini esingayazi ngale ndawo?l XX.
Namuhla sinezinye izakhiwo ezifana nalezi i-White House noma Amapiramidi aseGibhithe, okuthiwa abangelwa lo mbuso omkhulu owawuthathe ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Asia. Ngisho nabanye abavikeli nabo bayavuma ukuthi lo mbuso omkhulu Wayengumgqugquzeli omkhulu wentuthuko enkulu kanye nezinto ezisunguliwe. Njengoba ekwazile dlulisa amandla ngamagagasi nangendlela ekhululekile emabangeni amakhulu.
Okuthile uTesla asekwazile ukukudala ngokuklama imibhoshongo yakhe emide eyayingabamukeli bala magagasi. Ngisho nakwezinye izithombe, balokotha baphethe ngokuthi eziningi zezigxobo zocingo ezazibonakala zazingabadidiyeli balo mandla.
I-Tartary Uchazwa njengomguquli omkhulu kanye nempumelelo yokuthula emhlabeni. Nokho, lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kwancishiswa umuntu okwakuthiwa “ophakeme” owayefuna ukubusa umhlaba ngendlela yawo. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukuze kuqedwe i-Tartary, kwasungulwa iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala neyesibili, emboza le ndawo ngodaka olukhulu futhi yafihla zonke izinsalela nokuba khona kwayo. Kusuka lapho, kwavela umqondo wokuthi ukusetha kabusha kuqalile, liyini izwe lanamuhla.