Abafundisi bethemba: lokho abayikho, izimiso nezibonelo

Uguquko lwemfundo yekhulunyaka lamashumi amabili nanye phakathi kwentuthuko edidayo kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu; phakathi nalokhu kwehla nokwenyuka, abafundisi bethemba baba ikhampasi yethu. Yilabo abasekela umkhathizwe okungenzeka ngezikhathi zezinguquko ezisheshayo., ukuhlwanyela incazelo, ubulungisa nokunakekela lapho kuvela khona ukungaqiniseki.

Ngo-2025, ngoNyaka WeJubili Elingcwele kanye nesiqubulo sawo esithi “Pilgrims of Hope,” ikhwelo leVatican lokuvuselela i-Global Compact for Education (PEG) selidlondlobele. Lesi simemo senqubo “yembulunga yonke” yesenzo sokuzindla Ikhuthaza ukuphuma emikhubeni engasasebenzi kanye noguquko lwamasiko olubeka umuntu phakathi nendawo, lukhuthaze ukubuyisana futhi luhlakulele ukunakekelwa kwendlu evamile.

Bayini abafundisi bethemba?

Umfundisi wethemba ungumhlwanyeli: uhamba, akhuthaze, futhi athembele emandleni abanye ngisho nalapho umphumela ungasheshi. Ukufundisa, ngalo mqondo, kuyisenzo sokubekezela nothando. lokho akuzinikeli enkingeni, kodwa kunalokho kukwamukela ngokucacile nangenhloso. Njengoba uMnyango Wezamasiko Nezemfundo uphawulile kumhlahlandlela wawo weSivumelwano Sezemfundo "sembulunga yonke", ithemba alikona ukuphunyuka, kodwa amandla okuguqula ukubhekana nenkinga ye-anthropological kanye nenhlalonhle yemvelo.

Ngokwesiko lama-Ignatian, ithemba liyinsika yokomoya namandla okufundisa. Ubuholi bezemfundo beNhlangano kaJesu ngokomlando buhlanganise ukholo, ubulungiswa nokufunda. Ukukhuthaza izinguquko ezibonakalayo zezenhlalo: ukufundisa kuwukuthanda isithunzi somuntu, ukuthembela emandleni akhe okwenza okuhle, nokubeka ulwazi enkonzweni yenzuzo evamile.

Umbono ulula futhi uqinile: ukufundisa wukulindaKumayelana nokutshala imali kumfundi ongakafinyeleli ngokugcwele emandleni akhe, emphakathini ongabuyisana, kusiko olungavuseleleka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu "kubekezela okusebenzayo," akukho okusha okwanele, abukho ubuchwepheshe obanele.

Izimiso ezisekela umfundisi wethemba

Ngokombono wobuKristu nowobuntu, ithemba likhomba okuhle okuzayo okunzima kodwa okunokwenzeka, ngosizo lukaNkulunkulu nabanye. Kungakho uthisha wethemba exhumanisa ukweqa kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.: ibeka i-Ekaristi, ukulalela kanye nothando olubambekayo enhliziyweni yephrojekthi yezemfundo, futhi ihlola isisusa esiphezulu semizamo yayo yokuhlanza izinhloso.

Imithombo emithathu yakudala isekela lesi sikhundla: inkumbulo, isifiso kanye nesithembisoInkumbulo ixhuma nesiko eliphilayo futhi igwema isimo samanje; isifiso sihlela futhi siphakamise izifiso ezintweni ezinkulu; isethembiso sivula umnyango wekusasa futhi sizibophezele kumfelandawonye onesibopho oqinisekiswa ngezenzo.

Ezingeni lesikhungo, leli themba lihumusha ezenzweni ezibambekayo: thembela entsheni (bona ngayinye iphuzu layo elifinyeleleka kokuhle), nikeza ukwethembeka kuthisha (ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqashelwa, isibonelo) kanye thanda isikole njengomphakathi ofundayo, osungula izinto ezintsha, futhi onakekelayo. Amazwe asekela ngokweqiniso isiko lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.

Lesi simiso sokuziphatha siqedwa ngezimo zengqondo ezingokoqobo: ukuqonda okuvulekele izinto ezintsha, ukubekezela okubekezelela usizi, ukuthobeka ukuze ulungise futhi ufunde, nokwazisa ukuphila naphezu kwanoma yiliphi isiko lokulahla elehlisa isithunzi somuntu.

I-Pedagogy yethemba e-Paulo Freire

Umfundisi waseBrazil Paulo Freire uveze umbono obalulekile namuhla: Imfundo njengesenzo sothando, inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nenkululeko. Ngokuphambene nemodeli yasebhange—lapho umfundi engumuntu ongenzi lutho—uhlongoze imfundo esekelwe ezinkingeni lapho uthisha nomfundi befunda ndawonye futhi baguqule umhlaba.

UFreire wayeqonda ukuthi ukwehlisa isithunzi sobuntu kwabathinta bobabili abacindezelwe nabacindezeli. Ukuphuma kuyi-praksis yenkululeko Okunqotshwa ukungenzi lutho futhi ukuqwashisa okubucayi kuyaqiniswa ukuze kube nomthelela eqinisweni. Alikho igama leqiniso ngaphandle kwesenzo esibumbene nokuzindla: ukukhuluma iqiniso kuwukuguqula.

Indlela yakhe isekelwe ku amagama akhayo nemifanekiso lokho kufunda kwezimpande empilweni yeqembu. Inqubo yokufunda, ecatshangwa njengokunqoba kwezwi lomuntu, iguqula umuntu ngamunye abe umbhali wendaba yakhe. Ngakho-ke ukulandelana kwayo kwakudala: ukwakha indawo yonke yesilulumagama, ukukhetha amatemu anamandla efonetiki kanye nesemantiki, ukudala izimo ezikhona, ukuthuthukisa iziqondiso eziguquguqukayo, nokusebenza ngemindeni yefonetiki.

Ngamafuphi, uma bekufanele sikhethe incazelo efaneleke kakhulu, I-Pedagogy of Hope ithatha abafundi njengezifundo ezisebenzayo kokufunda kwabo, abaqeqeshelwe ukufunda ngokujulile ingqikithi yabo futhi bayiguqule kanye nabafundisi abazithobile nabo abazivumelayo ukuthi bafundiswe.

I-Global Education Compact: i-ajenda “yomhlaba wonke” yenguquko

I-PEG iwubizo lokwakha kabusha imfundo ngokubeka umuntu esikhungweni, ukuqinisa ukufakwa, ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, nokunakekela ikhaya lethu sonke. Indlela yakhe ihlanganisa isiko nemfundo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ushintsho lwempucuko. kusukela ezingeni lendawo ngombono womhlaba wonke, ukugqugquzela izinqubo ezabiwe zokubamba iqhaza nokuzibophezela.

Phakathi kwamagalelo ayo aphawulekayo, kugcizelelwa ukuthi yazalwa ngenxa yenhlekelele yezamasiko, i-anthropological, kanye nenhlalonhle yezemvelo. Imfundo ebanzi, evulekile neyamukelayo Kuqashelwa njengethuluzi eliwujuqu lokuvuselela indwangu yomphakathi. Kule ndaba, inkathi yomlando yenhlekelele iyithuba lesiqalo esisha semfundo.

Imihlahlandlela yokusebenza igcizelela izindlela zohambo ezivela endaweni: xilonga, xoxa, hlela, ukuhlola, ukuhlola, kanye nesikali. I-Glocal isimema ukuthi sakhe amanethiwekhi phakathi kwamakilasi, izikhungo, imiphakathi kanye neziphathimandla., ethuthukisa amadolobha ezemfundo nezifunda ezikhuluma ulimi lokunakekela, ubuzalwane nokuthula.

Izinsiza ezibalulekile kanye nemibhalo yokufundisa ngethemba

A. Ukufundisa kuyisenzo sethemba

• Izithunywa zevangeli zeThemba ngokusho kwe-Spes non confundit (2024): ihlaziya ukuphelelwa ithemba okubangelwa izimiso nezimpi ezidelelekile, futhi iphakamisa ithemba eligxilile ebuhlotsheni noNkulunkulu nomakhelwane, ephila ngokupha.
• Inani lethemba emfundweni (2018): ihlola indima yayo ewujuqu ebudlelwaneni bezemfundo kanye nesidingo sayo sokubhekana nobunzima nokudala izixazululo.
• Indima yethemba evela kuGabriel Marcel (2024): kukhombisa ithemba njengokushintshashintsha kobudlelwane bokufundisa, ukukhanya okuhambisanayo phakathi kothisha nomfundi.
• Amagugu Nethemba (2004): icela othisha ukuthi babe izishoshovu zethemba, abakwazi ukuphupha nokufundisa abanye ukuphupha ukuze kube nomphakathi onobulungiswa nowesekayo.
• Isikole Esinethemba (2024): isekela imfundo ekhuthazayo futhi eguqule ngokuthula, inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nomuzwa wokuphila, ngethemba njengamandla aqhuba izinguquko emphakathini.

B. Iziphakamiso zikaPapa Francis ne-PEG

• Ukufundisa kwezamasiko nezemfundo (2024): kudinga isiko elivulekile nelinobungane; imfundo ephelele, ebandakanyayo, nengenzeleli njengamandla aqhuba ikusasa elinethemba.
• Imfundo: Phakathi Kwezinhlekelele Nethemba (2023): ichaza ukuzalwa kwe-PEG lapho ibhekene nezinkinga futhi ikhuthaza ubuzalwane, ukubambisana nokunakekelwa kwemvelo.
• UFrancis uyibheka kanjani imfundo? (2022): icacisa ukuthi iyini imfundo (futhi engeyona), izinsongo nemigqa yoshintsho; umndeni kanye nomphakathi njengamanxusa ezemfundo.
• Imfundo entsha kanye ne-PEG (2021): ichaza izici zemfundo egxile esikhathini esizayo neziphakamiso zokuqalisa isivumelwano.
• Isikole samaKatolika ngaphambi kwe-PEG (2022): ifingqa imithelela yobizo lukaFrancis lomhlaba wonke lokuvuselela isikole samaKatolika.
• Iminikelo ku-PEG evela kwimfundo yobuntu (2022): ixhumanisa ukufundisa okukhululayo, uthando njengomongo wemfundo nekhwalithi nencazelo.
• Imibono yezenkolo evela eLatin America (2025): inikeza izindlela zemfundo ezibanzi eziya emphakathini onobulungiswa, olinganayo, kanye nowemvelo.
• Inkathi nenhlekelele ekulandiseni kwe-PEG (2024): Isungula iSivumelwano njengombono wesenzo lapho kubhekene nezinkinga ezixhumene, ezinezinjongo nezibophezelo ezihlukanisayo.

C. Imihlahlandlela kanye nezinsiza zokwakha i-PEG kusuka kumhlaba jikelele

• I-PEG Vademecum (2021): iphakamisa izinjongo eziyisikhombisa njengezinhlelo zokufundisa kanye namaphrojekthi ahambisana nezinselele zendawo.
• Ukwakha i-PEG kusuka ezingeni lendawo (2021): umhlahlandlela wendlela yokuqonda, ukuxoxisana, ukudala kanye nokusebenzisa iSivumelwano ngokweqiniso ngalinye lezemfundo.
• Izihluthulelo zokusebenza ku-PEG esikoleni (2024): amashidi anezici ezibalulekile kanye nokusikisela okusebenzayo kwempilo yesikole kanye nemvelo.
• Izinjongo eziyi-7 ze-PEG (2024): amaphosta namabhuku okubhalela ngobudala ukuze kujulise futhi kugqugquzelwe ukuzibophezela kothisha nasemiphakathini.
• Ukwakha i-PEG ndawonye (2023): okuqukethwe namathuluzi okuthuthuka ukusuka ezingeni lesikole ukuya ezingeni lendawo nezwe lonke.
• Norte de Santander Experience (2023): ugqozi nemihlahlandlela yokukhiqiza izifunda zemfundo ngokuvuleleka komhlaba wonke.

D. Ukucabangisisa kwe-Ignatian neziphakamiso ezihambisana ne-PEG

• Amanyuvesi amaJesuit kanye neGlobal Society (2023): ukuzimela okukhulu komfundi, ucwaningo olunomthelela, nobuholi obuhlangene bomphakathi.
• Ukuguqulwa kwamaJesuit ku-Digital Age (2025): Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuntu; ukufunda kumaphrojekthi ochwepheshe.
• Ukufundisa nokufunda ngezikhathi ze-AI (2024): ukuqeqeshwa kothisha, izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokubamba iqhaza kothisha lapho kubhekwa i-AI ekhiqizayo.
• Ukusekelwa kwe-Psychopedagogical e-Jesuit University (2024): izindlela zemfundo ezinendlela ebanzi nokuzibophezela komphakathi.
• I-Seagull: Ubuciko Njengesu (2025): umsebenzi wokubambisana namathuluzi wobuciko okuqonda nokucabanga okujulile.
• Ukuhlwanyela ithemba ngesitayela se-Ignatian (2025): ubuholi babafundi kanye nesenzo sobumbano; isibonelo: "Ukwabelana Ngokuhlakanipha."
• Umculo noguquko lwezemfundo (2025): amakilasi obuciko lapho ubulungisa nokunakekela kuhlangene khona esikweni lokuhlangana.
• Abanakekeli be-Cerro Azul (2025): ingokomoya, i-ecology ebalulekile kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi somhlaba wonke kusukela ekuboneni umphakathi.
• Ukufundisa ngokubambisana ngokhiye we-Ignatian (2024): uthisha, ubungane kumishini kanye nokuqonda ekufundeni ngokuhlanganyela nokufunda okujulile.
• Ukufunda nge-Dialogic emfundweni yamaJesuit (2023): isiko lokufundisa kanye nemigomo yengxoxo njengomnikelo ezinguqukweni zemfundo.
• Ithemba elivela kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu (2025): imfundo esinika amandla okubuza nokwenza; inselele ukungalingani kwezemfundo.
• Ilungelo lemfundo kanye neNhlangano kaJesu (2025): ukuphoqelelwa kwamalungelo, ukufundisa imindeni kanye nokwenza ngcono emfundweni yomuntu siqu.
• Imfundo Yokuthula (2024): ukuzazi, amakhono emizwa, isevisi kanye nokuba yisakhamuzi esibucayi njengabashayeli boshintsho.
• Ukufundisa ngethemba nokuthula eVenezuela (2024): Ukulingana nokufakwa ne-Universal Design for Learning kuzimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
• Imodeli ye-"Fe y Alegria University" (2024): ukufundisa, ucwaningo, ukufinyelela kanye nokuphatha okuqondiswa yizimiso zokuziphatha, ubuchwepheshe, ubuzwe kanye nengokomoya.

Umndeni, isikole kanye nohambo olunzima lwe-preadolescence

Ithemba libalulekile ukuze lihambisane nesikhathi sokuthomba, lapho iziqinisekiso eziningi zibonakala zintengantenga. Ukuyeka ngesikhathi kuwukulahlekelwa ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi nje kwesitheloAbazali nothisha babizelwa ukuba bahlale besondelene, ngenhlonipho, imingcele, nengxoxo, bethemba ukuthi konke okutshaliwe kuzogcina kuvuthiwe.

Njengoba uBenedict XVI akhumbula, umsuka wenkinga yezemfundo yi- inkinga yokuzethemba empilweniNgakho ithemba elithembekile liba umphefumulo wemfundo, isheke langempela lekusasa elibhalwe ngoyinki wesibonelo, isikhathi esabelwe, nokuvumelana kwansuku zonke.

Iphinde igqugquzele ukufundisa kokuvimbela ngomqondo weSalesian: ukuhlalisana, injabulo, ukuzinikela kanye nempilo yobuntwana nobusha. abacebile ngokuhlangenwe nakho okunenjongoUkufundisa kuwukuvikela amandla okulunga angaphakathi kubo bonke abafana namantombazane, ngisho nalapho bona bengakuboni.

Izimo zengqondo eziqinile zokuhlakulela ithemba ekilasini

Ukubona okusha ngaphandle kwenkolelo-mbono: Ukuhlola amathrendi, izimfashini, nobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokuthatheka ngokuyimpumputhe noma ukwenqaba okuthile, ukufuna lokho okubalulekile nokulahla okuhlukanisayo. Lokhu kuvuleka okuhlakaniphile kusiza ukuhlanganisa i-PEG kuzimo zempilo yangempela.

Zijwayeze ukubekezela okunezitheloUmsebenzi wokufundisa uphekwa kancane. Kukhona ukuzidela nokubambezeleka okwakha isimilo; isiko lomzamo omncane alihambisani nokukhula okuyiqiniso.

Ukuphila ukuthobeka njengamandla: Ukuqaphela imingcele, ukufunda, ukubonga, nokuzilungisa. Lobu buhle—bukude nobuthakathaka—buyisandulela sethemba, ngoba buvumela ushintsho oluhlala njalo.

Ukunakekela impilo kuzo zonke izigaba: Lapho ubhekene nemibono ewusizo, khuthaza inhlonipho enkulu yesithunzi somuntu nokuzibophezela ekhaya lethu sonke. Isiko lempilo lisekela izimiso zokuziphatha zemfundo futhi linikeza ukuhambisana komlayezo.

Kusukela ekilasini kuya ensimini: ukuthi "i-glocal" yenzeka kanjani

Imihlahlandlela ye-PEG iphakamisa izindlela ezingokoqobo ezijwayela indawo ngayinye: ukuxilonga ukubamba iqhaza, imigomo okwabelwana ngayo, amaphrojekthi aphendula izinselele zendawo, nokuhlola ukuze kufundwe futhi kukale. Zizalwa kanjena izindawo zemfundo.

Izinto ezinjengamaphosta kanye nezincwadi zokubhalela eziqondene neminyaka ethile zenza izibopho zeSivumelwano zifinyeleleke ezikoleni nasemindenini. Kusukela emsebenzini we-intramural kuya ekuhlanganyeleni nezinye izikhungo neziphathimandla, okukhiqiza ukufunda okuguqula izindawo ezingomakhelwane nezifunda.

Emfundweni ephakeme, amamodeli aphelele aveza ukufundisa, ucwaningo, ukufinyelela, kanye nokuphatha ngezinsika zokuziphatha, ezobuchwepheshe, nezomphakathi. I-AI nedijithali kusondelana nobuntu, ukulalela othisha, ukuqeqeshwa ezimisweni zokuziphatha kanye nokubeka izinto ezintsha ukuze kusizakale abantu bonke.

Intambo engokomoya namasiko enganqamuki

Ithemba alikona ukungazi noma ithemba elingenalutho: uyazi ubuhlungu, ukwehluleka kanye nomzamo, nokho uvuka njalo ekuseni. I-Charles Péguy's intuition yezinkondlo ithatha lelo "themba elincane" izwe elisinika lona lapho yonke into ibonakala imnyama.

Emfundweni yamaKatolika, umgomo omkhulu udlulela ngale kwemiphumela emihle nodumo lwesikhungo: likhomba ukugcwala kuNkulunkulu futhi ihlanganisa nezinye izinjongo ezinhle. Ngakho-ke, iphrojekthi yezemfundo kufanele igcine izikhala zangempela zokuhlangana Naye kanye nothando olubambekayo lomakhelwane.

Umbuzo ovamile othi "kungani?" iyaphendulwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke: ukwenza umlando ube ngumuntu ngokubuyisana, ubulungisa, isiko lokunakekela, nobungane bomphakathi, nomaphi lapho sifunda, sicwaninga, futhi sikhonza khona.

Izibonelo ezifaka ithemba

Okuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe kubonisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kakhulu: amaphrojekthi wobuciko athuthukisa ukuqonda kokufunda, izinhlelo zomculo ezivula izikhala zokudala, iziphakamiso zemvelo ezixhumanisa ingokomoya nokuba yisakhamuzi, ukufundisa ngokubambisana okunikeza ikilasi amandla, ukusekelwa kwengqondo yezindlela zemisebenzi, nezinhlelo zasenyuvesi ezigxile ekuziphatheni nasemphakathini.

Kukhona nezifundo ezinzima: ukufundisa ukuthula ezindaweni ezisengozini Idinga imiklamo ebandakanya wonke umuntu (njenge-UDL) eyenza ikilasi lihlale kuwo wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke ithemba lisho ukuphikelela nokudala amathuba lapho kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka.

Ngamafuphi, lolu chungechunge lwezinqubo lubonisa ukuthi umfundisi wethemba akasebenzi yedwa: Inethiwekhi, bona emphakathini, futhi wande umthelela njengoba uhlanganisa imifelandawonye.

Konke lokhu okungenhla kuveza umbono olula nonamandla: ithemba liba ukufunda lapho ligxila enkumbulweni ephilayo, liqondise izifiso ezimpahleni ezinkulu, futhi lizibophezele ezithembisweni ezishintsha amaqiniso. Umfundisi wethemba akahlali alinde: uvuka njalo ekuseni ayohlwanyela, uthemba ukuthi isikhathi sizothatha inkambo yaso futhi, okwamanje, andisa imingcele yalokho okungenzeka nabanye.