Ibhayisikobho yase-Argentina ichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yakha ifilimu ebanzi njengoba ihlukile, lapho ihlangana khona Ama-classics athule, ama-melodrama, amahlaya amnyama, ama-cinema ezepolitiki, kanye nama-thriller aphezuluEmashumini eminyaka edlule, imboni yayo idingeke ibhekane nezinkinga zomnotho, ukuncishiswa kosizo lomphakathi kanye nokuntuleka kokuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene, kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, yilapho kanye umbono uba nzima khona lapho ivame ukusabela kahle kakhulu ekudaleni nasekubekeni engcupheni.
Kulolu hambo sizobuyekeza Amafilimu amahle kakhulu ase-Argentina aso sonke isikhathiKusukela kumaphayona aqopha amafilimu okuqala enganekwane kuya kuma-hit anamuhla adlula yonke imikhosi, amapulatifomu, kanye namashadi e-IMDb, sizobona ukuthi i-cinema yaleli lizwe ikwazile kanjani ukubhekana nobushiqela, inkumbulo, ubuwena, uthando, amahlaya, kanye nosizi lwansuku zonke ngenhlanganisela yokujula ngokomzwelo kanye nekhono lobuchwepheshe eliye lenza kwaba yisilinganiso somhlaba wonke.
Imvelaphi: kusukela kufilimu engathuli kuya ekufikeni komsindo
Ukuze uqonde ukuceba kwamanje kwe-cinema yase-Argentina, umuntu kufanele abheke ekuqaleni kwayo, lapho abaqondisi abanjengoMario Gallo beba nesibindi sokuguqula umlando wesizwe ube umbukwane. Umsebenzi wakhe "Ukubulawa kukaDorrego" (1909) Kubhekwa njengendaba yokuqala yase-Argentina, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesiqephu esibalulekile sekhulu le-19 esavula indlela yakho konke okwakuzokwenzeka kamuva.
Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa wafika "Amalia" (1914), ngu-Enrique García Velloso, ebhekwa njengefilimu yokuqala kuleli zwe, esekelwe encwadini edumile kaJosé Mármol. Kusukela lapho waqhubekela ezihlokweni ezifana nalezi "Gaucho Nobility" (1915), ngu-Eduardo Martínez de la Pera no-Ernesto Guncheokuhlanganisiwe isithombe se-gaucho njengenganekwane yokuqala yebhayisikobho yase-Argentina, ukuxuba i-adventure, indawo kanye ne-melodrama yasemakhaya.
Ngawo-1920, inani lika UJosé Agustín Ferreyra, elinye lamagama abalulekile enkathi yokuthula. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe kukhona “Amajuba Amhlophe” (1920) y "Intombazane evela ezindaweni ezihlwempu" (1922), amafilimu agxile kubalingiswa abadumile baseBuenos Aires, enezindaba zomakhelwane, uthando olungenakwenzeka kanye nezimo ezilindele isigaba sabasebenzi kanye nethoni ye-tango ezophawula imboni yonke.
Intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe ifike ngomsindo. I-Argentina iqophe enye yamafilimu ayo okuqala omsindo ane- “Muñequitas porteñas” (1931), nayo kaJosé A. Ferreyraokwase kuvele kubonise indlela entsha yokuqonda ukuzijabulisa, lapho umculo nenkulumo kwakuyizona zinhlamvu eziyinhloko. Ngemva kwalokho, umculo kanye ithango Baqinisa isikhundla sabo "Tango" (1933), nguLuis Moglia Barthkanye namahlaya emikhuba efana “Izimpimpi Ezintathu” (1933), ngu-Enrique Susini, edlale kahle nezifiso ezinkulu zase-Argentina: i-cinema, ibhola kanye ne-tango.
Ngo-1934 wafika "Riachuelo", nguLuis Moglia Barth, eyaqhubeka nokujula ekumeleleni izindawo zokuhlala ezihlwempu zaseBuenos Aires, futhi ngasekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi yaqala ukusetshenziswa “Ukubuyela Esidlekeni” (1938), nguLeopoldo Torres Ríos, umsebenzi osondelene kakhulu futhi othakazelisayo owabonisa ikhono le-cinema yase-Argentina lokuhlola izingxabano zengqondo nezomndeni.
Isikhathi segolide kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-cinema yakudala yase-Argentina
Iminyaka yawo-40 nawo-50 yabona isenzakalo sangempela isikhathi segolide sesinema yase-ArgentinaNgemikhiqizo emikhulu, izinkanyezi ezinkulu, nabaqondisi manje ababhekwa njengabalingiswa ababalulekile. Isukela ngo-1939. “Iziboshwa Zomhlaba”, nguMario Soffici, idrama yezenhlalo eyayigxeka izimo zokuxhashazwa emasimini e-yerba mate, ixuba ubuqiniso namandla amakhulu okubona.
Ngo-1942 wafika “Impi YamaGaucho”, nguLucas DemareI-adventure yempi yakudala eyadala kabusha ukulwa nokuhlasela kwamakhosi, ngezwi elimangalisayo kanye nokukhiqiza okucophelelayo okwaphawula inkathi yokushintsha. Ngemva nje kwalokho, “INkosikazi Ephazimulayo” (1945), ebhalwe nguLuis SaslavskyWasekela ihlaya lamaphutha ngesiteji esicwengekile, kuyilapho "Pampa bárbara" (1945), kaLucas Demare noHugo FregoneseYahlanganisa amabhayisikobho aseCreole asentshonalanga kanye nawasemngceleni kanye nezinga lobudlova obungavamile ngaleso sikhathi.
Ngo 1949, UHugo Fregonese Usayine esinye sezihloko ezinconywa kakhulu ngabagxeki bamanje: "Isigebengu nje"I-noir eshubile nenesitayela mayelana nendoda enquma ukwenza sengathi iyisigebengu bese izinikela ukuze, ngemva kokuqeda isigwebo sayo, ikwazi ukuthola impango efihliwe. Umphumela uba yi-thriller yobuciko yengqondo, okuthi, emashumini eminyaka kamuva, abathandi bamafilimu abaningi basayibheka njengomsebenzi obalulekile.
Kakade ngawo-50 sithola amafilimu afana nalawa “Amanzi ageleza amafu” (1952), nguHugo del Carril, owavuselela umoya wokulwa futhi wagxeka ukungabi nabulungisa kwabasebenzi be-yerba mate, noma "Grey Neighborhood" (1954), nguMario Soffici, egxile ekuncishweni kwabantu emadolobheni. Kulowo mqondo ofanayo wefilimu entsha, waphumelela kakhulu “Iziqu Ezibuhlungu” (1956), nguFernando Ayala, edume ngezithombe zayo ezinesibindi kanye necebo layo lokukhohlisa kanye nomuzwa wecala.
Isithunzi sika ULeopoldo Torre Nilsson Kwaqala ukubonakala ngamafilimu afana nalawa "Graciela" (1956), "Indlu Yengelosi" (1957) y "Ukuwa" (1959)lapho ahlola khona ukucindezelwa, umuzwa wecala, kanye nokungqubuzana kwezigaba ngabesifazane abasebasha, okwenza i-cinema yase-Argentina ibe nomuzwa wokuphila kanye nowokubhala. Emkhakheni wedrama yobugebengu, “Umphathi” (1958), nguFernando AyalaWaveza ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwamandla ezepolitiki kanye nama-mafia ngendlela ebuhlungu kakhulu.
Okwamanje, abaqondisi bafana ULautaro Murúa Banikele ngemibono eminingi yobuntu kanye "Shunko" (1960), mayelana nothisha othunyelwe esikoleni sasemakhaya, noma UFernando Birri, owasondela ku-neorealism nge “Izisulu ZikaZamcolo” (1961), indaba emnandi nebuhlungu emayelana nomndeni owasuswa ngenxa yezikhukhula zomfula.
Ukuvuselelwa, ukuzibophezela kwezepolitiki kanye nemibono emisha (60-70)
Iminyaka yama-60 nama-70 yafika nayo ukuvuselelwa okunamandla kolimi kanye necala eliqinile lezepolitikiUManuel Antín waba negalelo ekuqondeni kwezincwadi "Inombolo Engajwayelekile" (1961)ngenkathi ULeonardo Favio, umuntu obalulekile emasikweni ase-Argentina, waguqula amabhayisikobho omphakathi nge "Indaba Yomntwana Onesizungu" (1965)lapho ubudlova bobuntwana obungabandakanywanga kanye nobudlova bezikhungo buboniswa ngaphandle kwezihlungi.
Kulesi sigaba kuvela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Ibhayisikobho Yesithathu, ishayelwa uFernando Ezequiel Solanas kanye no-Octavio Getino, abasayine idokhumenti enkulu yezepolitiki "Ihora Lezithando" (1968)Lo msebenzi, kanye nomsebenzi wawo wokulwa kanye nendatshana ebukelwayo, uhlaziye ukuthembela kwezomnotho kanye nokucindezelwa kwezepolitiki eLatin America, umema umbukeli ukuthi aqondise isenzo.
Ingxenye engokomfanekiso neyinganekwane yafinyelela eqophelweni eliphezulu “Ukuhlasela” (1969), nguHugo SantiagoIfilimu yenkolo ebhalwe ngokubambisana nguJorge Luis Borges no-Adolfo Bioy Casares. Kuyo, idolobha eliqanjiwe limelana nokuqhubekela phambili kwamandla angaziwa, endabeni ehlanganisa ubugebengu, inganekwane yesayensi, kanye nokuzindla okungokoqobo.
Ukuhlukahluka kweziphakamiso kwanda nge "Hermógenes Cayo" (1970), nguJorge Prelorán, isithombe se-ethnographic somuntu ochwepheshile wasezintabeni, kanye nezithombe ezidumile ezifana "Juan Moreira" (1973), nguLeonardo Favio, okwabuyisela i-gaucho enkabeni yesikrini, manje isigcwele incazelo yezepolitiki neyezenhlalo.
Ngo-1974 nango-1975, kwavela iziqu eziyisisekelo ezifana nokuthi "Iqiniso" (uSergio Renán), idrama ebucayi esekelwe enoveli kaMario Benedetti, kanye "I-Rebel Patagonia" (uHéctor Olivera)okwaphinda kwadala ukucindezelwa kweziteleka zabasebenzi ePatagonia. Kwavela futhi "La Raulito" (1975), nguLautaro Murúa, egxile kowesifazane ohlukunyeziwe, kanye nehlaya elimnyama “Abafana basendulo abazange basebenzise i-arsenic” (1976), nguJosé Martínez Suárez, owayedlala ngobugebengu namahlaya asabekayo.
Uhlu lwemisebenzi ebalulekile yalesi sikhathi luqediwe ngamafilimu afana nalawa: “Itshe Lamahhala” (1976), nguLeopoldo Torre Nilsson, futhi “Isiqhingi” (1979), ngu-Alejandro Doria, okwabonisa ukungezwani komphakathi okukhula njengoba izwe lingena eminyakeni emnyama kakhulu emlandweni walo wamuva.
Ubushiqela, ukuguquka kwentando yeningi kanye nenkumbulo yomlando
Ukuvukela umbuso kuka-1976 kanye nombuso wobushiqela owalandela kwaphawula kakhulu amabhayisikobho ase-Argentina, kokubili ngokuhlolwa kwemithetho kanye nokudingiswa kwabenzi bamafilimu abaningi. Noma kunjalo, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80 kwavela amafilimu abalulekile anikeza ukuqonda ngaleyo nkathi ngokusebenzisa ama-fiction nama-thriller. “Isikhathi Sokuziphindiselela” (1981), ngu-Adolfo AristarainKwakubonisa owayengumholi wenyunyana elwa nenkampani enkulu ecebeni elaligxeka ukonakala kwamandla.
U-Aristarain ngokwakhe waqhubeka nokuhlola izihloko zobudlova kanye nomuzwa wecala ku- "Izinsuku Zokugcina Zesisulu" (1982)Indaba yobugebengu obushubile abathandi bamafilimu abavame ukuyibeka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zohlobo, futhi abanye abafundi nabagxeki bafuna njalo ukuthi ifakwe kunoma yiluphi uhlu lwamafilimu amahle ase-Argentina. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uHéctor Olivera waguqula inoveli ka-Osvaldo Soriano yaba “Ngeke kusaba khona ukudabuka noma ukukhohlwa” (1983), ehlekisa kakhulu ngokuhlukana kwangaphakathi kobuPeronism.
Ukubuyiselwa kwentando yeningi kwaletha nakho Esinye sezenzakalo ezibalulekile ze-cinema yase-Argentina: “Indaba Esemthethweni” (1985), nguLuis PuenzoLe drama yezombusazwe yempi ilandise indaba yothisha wesigaba esiphakathi osola ukuthi indodakazi yakhe yokutholwa kungenzeka ukuthi iyingane yabantu abanyamalele, okwavula uqhekeko olukhulu lokuziphatha kanye nemindeni. Kwakuyifilimu yokuqala yase-Argentina ukuwina i-Oscar ye-Best International Feature Film futhi isibe yindawo ebalulekile yokuqonda inkumbulo yombuso wobushiqela.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, ngo-1985, kwakhululwa ne- “Ukulinda Imoto Ethwala Izidumbu”, ngu-Alejandro Doria, ihlaya elimnyama elihlekisayo elibonisa ngonya umndeni wase-Argentina wesigaba esiphakathi, kanye "I-Tangos, ukudingiswa kukaGardel", nguFernando Solanas, eyayikhuluma ngendaba yokudingiswa kwezepolitiki ngomculo kanye ne-melodrama.
Ezinye izihloko eziphawulekayo ezivela engxenyeni yesibili yama-80 zaziyi “I-King’s Movie” (1986), ebhalwe nguCarlos Sorín, ifilimu emayelana nomzamo ohlulekile wokuqopha ifilimu edumile ePatagonia; “Indoda ebheka eningizimu-mpumalanga” (1986), ngu-Eliseo Subiela, inganekwane yefilosofi nenganekwane mayelana nesiguli sengqondo esingase sibe yisihambi; kanye "South" (1988), futhi nguSolanas, eyayilandisa indaba yokubuya kwesiboshwa sezombusazwe kanye nomzamo waso wokwakha kabusha impilo yaso.
Kakade ngawo-90, uSubiala waqhubeka nomugqa wakhe wobuqiniso obumangalisayo "Izithombe zokugcina zomkhumbi owaphahlazeka" (1990) y "Uhlangothi Olumnyama Lwenhliziyo" (1992), kuyilapho u-Aristarain eqhubeka nokuhlanganisa ukusondelana nokuzindla kwezepolitiki ku "Indawo Emhlabeni" (1992) futhi kamuva ku "Izindawo Ezivamile" (2002)Kulelo shumi leminyaka kwavela futhi “Ilanga Lasekwindla” (1996), ngu-Eduardo Mignona, futhi "Martín (Hache)" (1997), ngu-Aristarain, manje njengomkhiqizo ohlangene weSpanishi-Argentina, ohlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nezingane kanye nokudumazeka kwezizukulwane.
Amahlaya amnyama, ama-cinema e-auteur kanye nokuvuselelwa kweminyaka yama-90 nama-2000
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90, amabhayisikobho ase-Argentina ayenolwazi umoya omusha ohlanzekile oxhumene nokuba ngokoqobo kwasemadolobheni kanye nesabelomali esiphansi. izihloko ezifana "Pizza, birra, faso" (1997), nguBruno Stagnaro no-Adrián CaetanoBabonisa intsha ehlukunyeziwe evela eBuenos Aires ivaleleke phakathi kobugebengu obuncane kanye nokuntuleka kwekusasa, ngokubukeka okungaqondakali okwaphawula isizukulwane sonke.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi esifanayo, kwabonakala “Isiphambano” (1997), ngu-Alejandro Agresti, futhi “Indlu Yokukhanya YaseNingizimu” (1998), ebhalwe ngu-Eduardo Mignona, okwakuhlanganisa idrama ejulile kanye nezindawo zasePatagonian. "Silvia Prieto" (1999), nguMartín RejtmanWanikela ngendlela engavamile nehlekisayo eyayizoba nethonya elikhulu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-New Argentina Cinema, kuyilapho "Crane World" (1999), nguPablo TraperoWagxila ekungazethembi emsebenzini kanye nokuphila kwesisebenzi sokwakha ngendlela efana nefilimu.
Ukuqala kwekhulu leminyaka kwaletha esinye sezigameko ezinkulu zefilimu kazwelonke: "Izindlovukazi Eziyisishiyagalolunye" (2000), nguFabián BielinskyLe ndaba yabaculi ababili abangamaqola, uJuan noMarcos, abahileleke emsebenzini wezigidi zamaRandi ngokumelene newashi, yaba uphawu lohlobo lwe-thriller yokukhohlisa. Isigqi esisheshayo, ingxoxo ebukhali, kanye nesithombe somlingiswa ohlakaniphile waseBuenos Aires Bakwazile ukukhuthazela futhi namuhla kusabhekwa njengenye yamafilimu ase-Argentina amahle kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuba phezulu kakhulu ohlwini lwe-IMDb.
Phakathi naleyo minyaka efanayo wavelela “Siyakuhalalisela” (2000), nguLucho Bender, ihlaya likaKhisimusi eligcwele ukuhlekisa; “Inkululeko” (2001), nguLisandro Alonso, eyaphakamisa ibhayisikobho yokuzindla neyobuncane elandela inqubo yomgawuli wezinkuni; futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, Ifilimu yokuqala kaLucrecia Martel ethi “The Swamp” (2001), okwaguqula isimo samazwe ngamazwe sebhayisikobho yombhali.
I-“The Swamp” igxile emindenini emibili echitha ihlobo elishisayo enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Argentina. UMartel uphatha ukuqopha umswakama, ukubola, kanye nokungezwani kwesigaba nobulili Ngomsindo omuhle nomsebenzi obonakalayo, iguqula indawo yansuku zonke ibe yinto ecindezelayo futhi cishe eyisipoki. Ingenye yamafilimu anethonya elikhulu ekhulwini lama-21 ngaphakathi kwe-cinema ye-auteur.
Futhi kusukela ngo-2001 “Indodana Yomlobokazi”, nguJuan José CampanellaI-melodrama enezinto ezihlekisayo mayelana nendoda egxile endaweni yokudlela yayo kanye nokuphila okungenasikhathi sanoma yini, ephoqeleka ukuthi icabange kabusha ngakho konke lapho uyise enquma ukugcwalisa isifiso sikanina (ohlushwa yi-Alzheimer's) sokuba nomshado esontweni. Le filimu ihlanganisa ububele, amahlaya, kanye nokuzindla ngomndeniFuthi kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu, okuhlanganisa nokuqokwa ku-Oscar.
Engxenyeni yokuqala yawo-2000, okulandelayo kwavela futhi “Izindaba Ezincane” (2002), nguCarlos Sorín, i-mosaic ethambile yabalingiswa ePatagonia; "Bombón, inja" (2004), futhi ngu-Sorín, futhi "Luna de Avellaneda" (2004), nguCampanellalapho iklabhu yezenhlalo esongelwa ngokuba yikhasino isebenza njengesizinda sokuxoxa ngomphakathi, inkinga yezomnotho, kanye nokuba yingxenye yomakhelwane.
Ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, ama-Oscar kanye ne-cinema yohlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi
Ngo-2004, i-Brazilian Walter Salles yaqondisa “Izincwajana Zezithuthuthu”Umkhiqizo wokubambisana wamazwe ngamazwe owalandisa uhambo oluya eLatin America lomfana osemncane u-Ernesto Guevara kanye no-Alberto Granado. Nakuba kungewona owase-Argentina kuphela, ukuba khona kukaChe kanye nendawo yesifunda kwenza kuzizwe kuxhumene kakhulu nobunikazi bezwe. Kuyifilimu ethandwayo. ifilimu yomgwaqo yokuguqulwa komuntu siqu, uGael García Bernal noRodrigo de la Serna becwebezela esikrinini.
Esinye sezenzakalo ezinkulu zeminyaka yama-2000 safika "I-Aura" (2005), nguFabián BielinskyKule filimu, udokotela we-taxidermist ohlala ethule onesifo sokuwa uphupha ngokubamba inkunzi okuphelele. Lapho uchungechunge lwezimo empeleni lumbeka kuleso simo, inganekwane yengqondo kanye neqiniso kuhlangana kube yinto exakile. i-thriller enomoya, emnyama futhi emuncayo abaningi abakubheka njengokuphakeme ngisho nangaphezu "kweziNdlovukazi Eziyisishiyagalolunye".
Ngo-2007, u-Esteban Sapir wasayina "I-Antenna", omunye wemisebenzi yokuhlola kakhulu kumabhayisikobho akamuva ase-Argentina. Le filimu ithathwe ngombala omnyama nomhlophe futhi ithule cishe, yakhiwe Indawo yonke engavamile mayelana nokulahlekelwa yizwi kanye nokulawulwa kokuxhumanaukudweba okuvela ku-German Expressionism, i-cinema yaseFrance yakudala, kanye ne-Soviet avant-garde ukudala into eyingqayizivele.
Ukuqashelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwaqiniswa ngo-2009 kanye “Imfihlo Emehlweni Abo”, nguJuan José Campanellaeyawina i-Oscar ye-Best International Feature Film. Indaba ihlanganisa icala elidala lokudlwengula nokubulala nendaba yothando engakaxazululwa, ngophenyo oluvulwe kabusha yi-U.S. Marshal ethathe umhlalaphansi. Le filimu ikhanya ngenxa yayo isakhiwo esixakile, ingxenye yaso yothando, kanye nezikhathi zobuchwepheshe ezingasoze zalibaleka —njengochungechunge oludumile oludutshulwe enkundleni yebhola—, futhi selube ngumsebenzi oyinhloko wabaningi base-Argentina.
Ngokuhambisana nale migqa efanayo yezinhlobo ze-cinema eziyinkimbinkimbi, okulandelayo kuyagqama "Umndeni" (2015), nguPablo TraperoIsekelwe endabeni yangempela yomndeni wakwaPuccio, ababehileleke ekuthunjweni nasekubulaweni ngawo-80, ifilimu iveza inzalamizi u-Arquímedes namadodana akhe ngesikhathi sombuso wobushiqela, ikhombisa ukuhlala ndawonye okunonya phakathi kwekhaya elibonakala livamile kanye nenethiwekhi yobugebengu enonyaKuyifilimu enamandla ethokozisayo esekelwa ukulingisa okungenaphutha.
I-IMDb, amahlaya amnyama kanye nesenzakalo sezilaleli
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izilinganiso zabasebenzisi ze I-IMDb (Isizindalwazi Sama-movie E-inthanethi) Lezi zinhlolovo zisize ekuboneni ukuthi yimaphi amafilimu ase-Argentina athandwa kakhulu yizibukeli zomhlaba wonke. Phakathi kwamafilimu angamashumi amabili aphezulu kakhulu, njengoba bekulindelekile, kunezihloko esezishiwo kakade ezifana nalezi “Imfihlo Emehlweni Abo”, “Izindaba Zasendle”, "Ngilinde imoto yezidumbu", "Indaba esemthethweni" o “Izindlovukazi Eziyisishiyagalolunye”, kanye nemisebenzi yakamuva efana nethi "I-Argentina, 1985" o "Umlando Weziwula".
“Izindaba Zasendle” (2014), ngu UDamien SzifrónSekuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu samahlaya amnyama ase-Argentina. Le filimu yakhiwe ngezindaba eziyisithupha ezizimele lapho abalingiswa becindezelwa khona kuze kube sekupheleni kwabo futhi bavunyelwe ukukhukhulwa... Intukuthelo, impindiselo, kanye nenjabulo yokulahlekelwa ukulawulaKusukela empikiswaneni yethrafikhi ephenduka ingalawuleki kuya emshadweni ophenduka inkundla yempi, ifilimu ihlanganisa ukuhlekisana komphakathi kanye nesivinini esiphelele.
“Ukulinda Imoto Ethwala Izidumbu” (1985), ebhalwe ngu-Alejandro Doria, kusasele, emashumini eminyaka kamuva, i-classic ephelele yehlaya lemikhubaUkunyamalala kukaMama Cora, owesifazane oneminyaka engu-80 ubudala, kudala isiphithiphithi somndeni esidalula usizi, ubuzenzisi, kanye nentukuthelo ngendlela ehlekisayo. Ingxoxo yayo isibe yingxenye yesiko elidumile, futhi le filimu iyinto okufanele uyibukele kuthelevishini nasezinkundleni zokusakaza.
Emkhakheni wedrama yezenhlalo enamahlaya, “I-Odyssey of the Fools” (2019), nguSebastián BorenszteinIbonise iqembu lomakhelwane, ngemuva kokulahlekelwa yimali yabo abayilondolozile ngenxa yokukhwabanisa ebhange ngesikhathi se-corralito (ukumiswa kwebhange), banquma ukuzihlela ukuze bathole lokho okwebiwe kubo. Le filimu ihlanganisa ithoni yokuzijabulisa, amahlaya kanye nokugxekwa kohlelo lwezezimali, kanye nabadlali beqembu abaholwa nguRicardo Darín.
I-“The Distinguished Citizen” (2016), ebhalwe nguMariano Cohn noGastón Duprat, inikeza omunye umbono ophambene: umzuzi weNobel kwiLiterature ohlala eBarcelona ubuyela edolobheni lakubo elincane ukuyothola udumo, ethola indawo enonya futhi ehlekisayo. Ihlaya mayelana nodumo, ubuwena, kanye nobuhlobo nendawo umuntu azalelwa kuyo, okuye kwaxhumana kahle kakhulu nababukeli emhlabeni wonke.
Ibhayisikobho yenkumbulo kanye nobushiqela esihluthulelo esiseduze
Ngaphandle kwezihloko ezinkulu eziwine imiklomelo, i-cinema yase-Argentina ithuthukile umugqa oqinile wamafilimu mayelana nombuso wobushiqela kanye nemiphumela yawongokuvamile kusukela emibonweni eseduze. I-“Kamchatka” (2002), ebhalwe nguMarcelo Piñeyro, ilandisa ngeminyaka enzima yokucindezelwa kwezempi ngamehlo kaHarry, umfana oneminyaka eyishumi ubudala omndeni wakhe uphoqeleka ukucasha emaphandleni. Ngendlela enomusa kodwa ebuhlungu, ikhombisa ukuthi kanjani Ubuntwana buphazanyiswa udlame lwezepolitiki.
Incwadi ethi “Clandestine Childhood” (2011), ebhalwe nguBenjamín Ávila, igxile kuJuan, umfana owamukela ubuwena obusha ngoba abazali bakhe bangamalungu okumelana nobushiqela. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuphila kwakhe okuyimfihlo nothando lwakhe lokuqala lwentsha kubangela Indaba ehlanganisa uthando, ukungezwani, kanye nobufakazi bomlandongaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuntu.
Omunye umsebenzi ofanele uthi “Umfundi” (2011), nguSantiago MitreLe filimu ilandela insizwa evela ezifundazweni efika eBuenos Aires ukuzofunda, izulazula ingenanjongo eyunivesithi, bese igcina isihileleke ekulweleni abafundi. ikhishi lezepolitiki yabafundi, izivumelwano kanye nokukhashelwa okufanekisela ukusebenza kwezombusazwe zesizwe.
Lo mugqa wesinema yenkumbulo ufinyelela esicongweni esisha nge “I-Argentina, 1985” (2022), nguSantiago MitreIlandisa indaba yecala eliyingqophamlando lamaJunta aseMpi ngokombono wabashushisi uStrassera noMoreno Ocampo. Yidrama yakudala yasenkantolo, Iphinda amakhodi amaningi ohlobo kodwa iwanikeza isitembu sayo esiyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yamahlaya, ubuntu babalingiswa abaphambili, kanye nomzuzu othinta imizwa lapho izinto ezibhaliwe zihlangana khona nezindaba eziqanjiwe.
Ekulandiseni okuqondile kokucindezelwa, sithola futhi indaba eyaziwa ngokuthi “Ubusuku Bamapensela”Ilandisa indaba yabafundi abayisikhombisa besikole samabanga aphezulu ababefuna amapasi ebhasi labafundi futhi bathunjwa futhi bahlukunyezwa ngumbuso wobushiqela. Indaba igxile kuPablo, okuwukuphela kwakhe osindile, othola isiphetho esibi sabafundi ayefunda nabo futhi abe ufakazi obalulekile. Indaba efingqayo unya lombuso kanye nokubaluleka kokugcina inkumbulo iphila.
Idrama yomndeni, ukwesaba okuthule, kanye nezinhlobo ezintsha zokubhala
Ibhayisikobho yamuva nje yase-Argentina nayo ivelele ekulingiseni imindeni isenkingeni, kanti ukungezwani cishe kufana nokwesaba ngokwengqondo.Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yifilimu kaPaula Hernández ethi "The Sleepwalkers" (2019), elandela umndeni ohlangana kabusha endlini yasemaphandleni futhi ubhekane nehlobo elibonakala livamile ngenkathi izimfihlo nokungezwani kwakheka. Le filimu i- isineke, sicophelela futhi siyacindezelafuthi kancane kancane kwenza umkhathi ube mnyama kuze kube yilapho uphazamiseka.
ULucrecia Martel, ngale kwe-"La Ciénaga," uhlanganise isitayela sakhe lapho umsindo kanye ne-mise-en-scène kusikisela okungaphezu kwalokho okuboniswayo, kuyilapho abanye abenzi bamafilimu abanjengoLisandro Alonso noMartín Rejtman beqhubeka nokuhlola izindlela ezincane nezicabangayo. Le cinema yombhali yenze i-Argentina... ukuba khona njalo emikhosini njengeCannes noma iVenice.
Kule ndawo yokuzimela yamafilimu, ukugxekwa okukhethekile kanye nokuhlela imikhosi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ekuhlaziyeni nasekugxekeni okulalelwayo, bakhona emicimbini efana ne I-Cannes, iVenice, iBerlin noma uMkhosi Wamafilimu waseValladolidZithuthukisa impikiswano futhi zisiza ekubekeni le misebenzi endaweni yayo. Iningi labo, ngaphezu kokubhalela omagazini bamasiko namaphephandaba, bayingxenye yamakomidi okuhlela emikhosini efana ne-l'Alternativa de Barcelona noma i-Most, noma bafundisa ukulandisa okulalelwayo nokubonakalayo emanyuvesi nasezikoleni zamafilimu.
Le nethiwekhi yokubuyekezwa, imikhosi, izikole, kanye nemijikelezo yenza kube njalo Ibhayisikobho yombhali wase-Argentina ayigcini nje ngokusinda, kodwa iyazivuselela njalongisho nalapho izikhungo zingakusekeli njengoba kufanele futhi isimo sezepolitiki siphikisana ngisho namasiko.
Ubugebengu, ukuhlekisa, kanye nabalingiswa abamnyama ekhulwini lama-21
Emkhakheni wamafilimu obugebengu akamuva, esinye sezihloko ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yilesi “Ingelosi” (2018), nguLuis OrtegaIsekelwe empilweni yombulali olandelanayo uCarlos Robledo Puch, ifilimu ihlanganisa i-thriller kanye ne-melodrama esithombeni esinobubi. Ngokuhlelwa okukhazimulayo kanye namahlaya amnyama, u-Ortega Iqaphela kokubili umlingiswa oyinhloko kanye nesimo senhlalo esimzungezile., kuncike ekuchazeni kukaLorenzo Ferro okunamandla.
Amafilimu afana nalawa "The Man Next Door" (2009), nguMariano Cohn noGastón Dupratlapho ingxabano elula ngefasitela phakathi kwezindlu ezimbili ikhula ibe ukungqubuzana kwezigaba kanye nendlela yokuphila. Ingxabano phakathi komklami ocebile nomakhelwane wakhe onomsindo ivumela i-X-ray ebukhali kakhulu yonxiwankulu base-Argentina.
Kuye kwagcizelelwa kakhulu futhi “Umsizi Wesitolo”, nguLeonardo FavioNjengenye yezinto eziphawulekayo ezingekho ohlwini oluningi, kungenye futhi isibonelo sendlela amabhayisikobho ase-Argentina ahlanganise ngayo ngobuhlakani usizi, ububele, kanye nokungajwayelekile. Ezinye izihloko ezivame ukucashunwa njengezibalulekile ngabagxeki nabafundi zifaka phakathi "Quebracho", nguRicardo Wullicher, kugxilwe ezinkingeni zabasebenzi, noma “Indoda esekhoneni elipinki”, esekelwe endabeni kaBorges.
Ohlotsheni lothando nolwe-melodramatic, imisebenzi efana nale elandelayo nayo ivelele: "Camila" (1984), nguMaría Luisa Bemberg, mayelana nothando oluvinjelwe phakathi kwesikhulu esisesincane nompristi ngekhulu le-19; kanye “Indlu Yengelosi” (1957), ebhalwe nguTorre Nilsson, lapho intombazane esencane, ebuswa ngunina, iphila ngaphansi kokwesaba isono nesijeziso saphezulu njalo.
Ukwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo kukhulu kangangokuthi uhlu lwamafilimu amahle kakhulu ase-Argentina luhlanganisa ama-thriller afana ne-“The Aura”, amahlaya amnyama afana ne-“Wild Tales”, amadrama omlando afana ne-“Rebellious Patagonia” noma i-“The Odyssey of the Fools”, ama-romance abuhlungu afana ne-“Camila” kanye nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni njenge-“The Antenna”Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwengozi yobuciko kanye nokukhanga okudumile kuchaza kakhulu udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwebhayisikobho yase-Argentina.
Izinto ezintsha ezingatholakali kalula, ukugxekwa kwezenhlalo, kanye nesinema eziphonsela inselelo umbukeli
Ngawo-2020, i-cinema yase-Argentina iqhubekile nokuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Baphonsela inselelo umbukeli futhi badlala ngemithethoI-“The Criminals” (2023), ebhalwe nguRodrigo Moreno, ingenye yezibonelo ezikhulunywa kakhulu ngazo: ifilimu yokuphanga ethatha imikhuba yalolu hlobo ukuze iwabhubhise. Ngejubane elihleliwe kanye nendaba engajwayelekile, iphakamisa Ukuzindla ngomsebenzi, inkululeko, kanye nesifiso sokuphunyuka ohlelweniokungadinga isineke kodwa kuvuza labo abangena emdlalweni walo.
Lo moya wokungaguquguquki unezela esikweni labenzi bamabhayisikobho asebevele bezama iminyaka eminingi, njengoMariano Llinás "Izindaba Ezingavamile" (2008), indaba ende kakhulu eziqeshini ezihlanganisa izigigaba, imfihlakalo kanye nokuphambuka, iphula yonke imibono yesakhiwo sakudala.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezingavamile, amafilimu asekelwe kuhlobo oluthile, amabhayisikobho ezepolitiki, kanye nama-melodrama omndeni kwenza amabhayisikobho ase-Argentina anamuhla abe ahlukile. ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ezijabulisayoNgonyaka ofanayo, amafilimu ezemfundo kakhulu angaqala ukuboniswa okokuqala—njengethi "Argentina, 1985," ngenhloso ecacile yokufinyelela izithameli eziningi zomhlaba wonke—kanye namanye agqamile kakhulu ngokomthetho, akhona ezigabeni ezifanayo zemikhosi yohlu oluphezulu.
Konke lokhu kusekelwe efa elicebile elihlanganisa wonke umuntu kusukela kumavulandlela e-cinema ethule kuya kubabhali asebekhulile abafana noLeonardo Favio, u-Adolfo Aristarain, u-Eliseo Subiela, uLucrecia Martel, uPablo Trapero noma uJuan José Campanella, ungakhohlwa amagama akamuva afana noSantiago Mitre, uDamián Szifrón, u-Luis Coron Duhno Ortega, u-Luis Cohno Ortega noma u-Garón Ortega.
Uma sibheka isethi yezihloko eziphindaphindwayo ngokwezinga lomlando, uhlu lwe-IMDb, kanye nokukhetha kwabagxeki, kusobala ukuthi Ibhayisikobho yase-Argentina ikwazile ukuguqula izinkinga zayo, inkumbulo yayo yezepolitiki, kanye namahlaya ayo abe amandla okudala.Kusukela ku-"The Execution of Dorrego" kuya ku-"The Criminals," okuhlanganisa ne-"Nine Queens," "The Official Story," "The Swamp," "Wild Tales," kanye ne-"Argentina, 1985," ifilimu yaleli zwe inikeza ikhathalogi ebalulekile okufanele noma yimuphi umthandi wamafilimu ayihlole ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, azi ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ngayinye kunezinto ezifihliwe namafilimu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudlula iminyaka emingaki, aqhubeka nokukhuluma ngamandla ngezwe esiphila kulo.
