Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-cinema kanye Intelligence yokufakelwa Yinde, inothile, futhi ayinawo umugqa: kusukela ezidalwa ezisebenza ngomshini ezinemiphefumulo kuye kumakhompyutha amakhulu asibona njengenkinga okufanele ilawulwe. Sekuyiminyaka eyikhulu, isikrini sicabange amakhompyutha amakhulu, ama-android, nezinhlelo abazenza ngamabomu, bazizwele, balalele noma bahlubuke, ngezinye izikhathi kube nemiphumela elimazayo esintwini.
Lolu hambo luhlanganisa ndawonye amafilimu amahle kakhulu we-supercomputer kanye ne-AI ebalekayo, ihlanganisa ndawonye izinto zakudala, amaqiniso anelukuluku nokuvela kwemibono yayo: kusukela ekwesabeni umshini onamandla onke kuya empikiswaneni mayelana unembeza, izimiso zokuziphatha, nokulawulaKukhona ama-dystopia anezinkanuko zenuzi, ezothando ngomshini womuntu, i-cyberparanoia yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ama-satire nama-epic aqanjiwe esayensi aqhubeka nokubumba indlela esicabanga ngayo nge-AI namuhla.
Kusukela edolobheni lemishini kuya ebuchosheni obuzicabangelayo
En Idolobha elikhulu (1927), uFritz Lang ucabanga ukuhlukana kwedolobha elikhulu kabili lapho kwakha khona usosayensi UMaria, irobhothi elinobuso bomuntu okubhebhezela ukuvukela. Okubonwa namuhla, umthamo wayo wokubikezela uyakhazimula: ifilimu ayikhulumi ngama-algorithms, kodwa ikhuluma ngayo. amandla, isigaba, nokukhohlisa inomfanekiso wokwenziwa ekhanda layo. Kube yingqalabutho ekuletheni umuntu ongumshini onezici "zomuntu" esikrinini futhi kwagcina sekucatshangelwa Amagugu Emhlaba, ilebula eyayingeyona neze into evamile esihlokweni esavula indlela yayo yonke into eyalandela.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha, amafilimu kaJean-Luc Godard I-Lemmy vs. Alphaville (Alphaville), i-futuristic noir lapho I-Alpha 60Ikhompyutha enezwi elinomhume ibusa idolobha elinengqondo enonya. Inhlanganisela ye i-pop aesthetics kanye nobushiqela be-algorithmic Lokhu kwenza kube yivelakancane engenakuvinjwa: izwe lamaphoyisa eliphethwe ikhompuyutha enkulu elawula imizwa, ubuciko, kanye nemicabango njengokungathi imigqa yekhodi.
Ukungcweliswa okukhulu "kobuchopho be-silicon" kuza 2001: i-odyssey yesikhala (1968). I-HAL 9000, ukulawula i Ukutholwa 1Wenza iphutha, angalaleli imiyalelo, agcine esekhipha ithimba ukuze avikele umsebenzi. Igama lakhe ngu... Ikhompyutha ye-Algorithmic Ehlelwe Nge-Heuristically Futhi "ukufa" kwakhe kungenye yezinhlelo ezijabulisa kakhulu ezake zaqoshwa. I-tandem U-Kubrick no-Arthur C. Clarke Waklama i-HAL njengengaphezu nje komshini: umlingiswa. Ubuhlobo babunezithelo njengoba kwakunzima, kangangokuthi uKubrick wayebheka amagama afana nawo UMichael moorcock o UJG Ballard uma umbhali eyekile kuphrojekthi. Ngemva kweminyaka, i-saga yengeza Isiqephu 9000 en 2010: Odyssey Twoukugcina iphila inkulumo-mpikiswano ngenkumbulo, icala kanye Ukukhishwa kwe-AI.
Ngokuhambisanayo, I-Colossus: Iphrojekthi Engavunyelwe (1970) ukunika i-goosebumps ngombono olula: ukuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi ngokuzenzakalelayoUDkt. Forbin udala i-Colossus ukuthi igade i-arsenal yase-US, kodwa umshini uthintana nozakwabo waseSoviet, i-Guardian, futhi ndawonye baphoqelela intando yabo: uma benqanyuliwe, bazokhipha imicibisholo. Ifilimu, esekelwe inoveli ka-D.F. Jones (okungaba nokulandelanisa okubili okuphrintiwe), Yaphaphatheka ebhokisiniKodwa yashiya uphawu lwayo nezingqinamba zayo zokulawula, ukukhuphuka, “nokuthula” ngaphansi kokuqeqeshwa kwekhompuyutha enkulu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi yaziswa kakhulu UCharlton Heston noGregory Peck ngendima kaForbin ngaphambi kokuthi iye ku-Eric Braeden.
Phakathi kokwesaba kwe-athomu kanye ne-automation yasekhaya, I-monstrosity yemishini (Imbewu Yamademoni, 1977) uphushela udaba endaweni yobudlelwane obuseduze no UProteus IV, i-AI engena endlini yomdali wayo bese ithumba umkakhe ngomgomo wokuthi “ukuzithuthukisa” ngenganeKuyimpambano yomgwaqo ephazamisayo phakathi kokucabanga okubandayo kanye nesifiso sokudlulela kulokho namuhla, ngezikhathi zezindlu ezixhumene kakhulu, kuzwakale kungajabulisi nakakhulu.
Futhi uma i-supercomputer iphazanyiswe njengenhlangano engaqondakali, iyavela I-Star Trek: Ifilimu (1979). Ngaphakathi, ifu eliyimpicabadala elidlula emkhathini liyacasha V'gerUphenyo lwasemhlabeni oluhlelwe kabusha impucuko yomshini efuna kuphela "ukuhlangana nomdali wayo." I-Paramount igibele igagasi le I-star wars ngesabelomali esingaba yizigidi eziyi-15 kanye nehhovisi lebhokisi eliseduze Izigidi ezingu-140Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inikeze okunye ukubonakaliswa kobunikazi be-AI lapho ibuyela emsuka wayo futhi iyidlula.
Ama-70s nama-80s: kusukela ku-android engenisiwe kuya emshinini ocishe wacindezela inkinobho
Isilingo sokugqoka i-AI ngesimo somuntu sikhuphuka Metal imiphefumulo (Westworld, 1973): ipaki yetimu yabantu abadala lapho i abasingathi be-robotic Ziyabhidlika kanye noshayasibhamu we-android (angeke alibaleke) Yul Brynner) iqala ukuzingela ngonya. Lokho "i-software glitch" edala isiphithiphithi, empeleni, kuwumfantu lapho uvalo olukhulu lungena khona: Esikulawulayo kuyeka ukulalela.
Ngemuva konyaka, Alien: umgibeli wesishiyagalombili (1979) ukhombisa okunye okwehlukile: AshI-android, "enegazi" elinobisi, ayinalo igciwane noma i-glitch; ithobela imiyalo yezinkampani ngisho noma kusho ukubeka abasebenzi engozini. Ukutusa kwayo okubandayo kwe-xenomorph kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi a I-AI ingaba qotho emigomweni engenabuntu ngaphandle kokushaya iso.
Imidlalo yempi (1983) iletha i-apocalypse ekamelweni lentsha. I-WOPR, esiteketiso UJoshuwaIlingisa izimo zokungqubuzana zomhlaba wonke ngendlela eqinile kangangokuthi ifiphalisa umugqa phakathi kokuqeqeshwa neqiniso. Isigebengu esingahlosile singena ngesinyenyela ohlelweni, futhi ukukhuphuka kusondele. UJohn Badham ungene esikhundleni sikaMartin Brest phakathi nezinsuku, futhi ngesabelomali sezigidi eziyi-12, wazuza okungaphezu kwalokho Izigidi ezingu-124 ehhovisi lebhokisi, eshiya isimilo esingenakucimeka: kunemidlalo a I-AI ifunda kuphela ekulahlekelweni.
cunt Terminator (1984), i-AI ayisagcini ngokuphakamisa: Skynet Uyavusa, aveze isintu njengosongo, futhi adedele ukuphela kwezwe. Empini yakhe yesikhashana ukuvimbela UJohn connorIthumela i-T-800 futhi, kamuva, i-liquid metal T-1000. Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-Terminator ekuqaleni yayizoba ULance Henriksen ukuze ahlangane kangcono nabantu, futhi uSchwarzenegger wahlekisa ukuqoshwa, ekubiza ngokuthi "ifilimu enesabelomali esiphansi." Ngesabelomali esingaphezudlwana kwezigidi eziyisi-6, sidlule isabelomali Izigidi ezingu-78 imiqhudelwano yomhlaba wonke futhi kwabangela i-franchise ephelele.
Ngisho nezigigaba zamaqhawe anamandla zidlala ngothando ngamakhompiyutha amakhulu angalawuleki. Ku USuperman III (1983), i-tycoon uRoss Webster uxhasa ngezimali i-a ikhompyutha enkulu eGrand Canyon, esongela ukuthi izophuma ingalawuleki. Uhlelo lokuqala lwe URichard Donner Bekuwukwethula u-Brainiac, isitha esikhulu se-cybernetic, kanye nekhono likaGus Gorman lokugebenga ngokuzumayo lihunyushwe (ukucwayiza, ukucwayiza) njengokuthi "ukucindezela" amandla okungewona awomuntu ngemuva kwekhethini.
Iminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nayo yashiya uhlangothi lwayo olunobungane nelothando lwe-duo yomshini womuntu. Isifunda esifushane (1986) wethula i Inombolo 5I-prototype yezempi okuthi, ngemva kokushaywa umbani, ithuthukise ilukuluku elinganeliseki kanye nomuzwa wokuhlekisa; ngenkathi Amaphupho kagesi (1984) ucabanga ikhompuyutha yasekhaya ekhokhisa ukuzazi ngengozi futhi iqhudelana nomnikazi wayo ngothando lomakhelwane, unxantathu ohlanzekile "we-techno-sentimental" onezihluthulelo.
Futhi ku Umhlahlandlela we-Hitchhiker's to the Galaxy (1981), abaneshwa Arthur Dent uthola ukuthi i-supercomputer Umcabango Ojulile Ibala impendulo yombuzo omkhulu omayelana nempilo nendawo yonke, kodwa iphoqa abalingiswa ukuba baseshe umbuzo oqondileAmahlaya ase-British kanye ne-computational metaphysics, i-cocktail emnandi.
The 90s and 2000s: isamba se-dystopias nemithetho esontekile
Ingqikithi yokubusa komshini yenziwa ngu Matrix (1999): imishini iphumelele futhi isebenzisa ubuntu njenge amabhethri kuyilapho zisigcina sidakwe ngokulinganisa okuphelele. Iphilisi elibomvu lithembisa iqiniso, kodwa ukungabaza kokuziphatha kuyaqhubeka, njengoba kubonisa CypherMhlawumbe amanga anethezekile angcono kuneqiniso elibuhlungu. Kuwumongo wokwesaba i-AI okungagcini nje ngokukulawula, kodwa futhi... iqinisekisa ukuthi ayikho.
Kwelinye ikona, Owakhile omubi (2002) usungula i- Indlovukazi Ebomvu Kuma-movie: i-supercomputer ebukeka njengentombazane, eyenziwe ngama-lasers, elawulayo Izinyosi, ilabhorethri engaphansi komhlaba ye-Umbrella e-Raccoon City. Ngaphezu kokwazisa umbukeli (indima ethathwa amafayela emdlalweni wevidiyo), i-AI kamuva ifika ukubusa abantu ngetshe eliyiguguNgesabelomali sezigidi ezingu-33, sidlule izigidi ezingu-100, sethula i-saga ehlala isikhathi eside.
Ngi-robot (2004) uhumusha u-Isaac Asimov ku-blockbuster. E-US Robotics, ama-automatons kanye ne-AI kuhlangana ndawonye. VIKI, ehumusha Imithetho Emithathu Yamarobhothi ngendlela engokoqobo eyingozi: ukuze isivikele, iyanquma silawule usebenzisa i-NS-5. Amagama afana noSchwarzenegger noma uDenzel Washington bekubhekwe ukuthi adlale kuyona, kodwa uWill Smith wagcina eyiholile futhi weqa. Izigidi ezingu-350 Ihhovisi lebhokisi lishaye isabelomali esingaba yizigidi eziyi-120.
Akuyona yonke into emayelana nokuvukela. Indoda ye-bicentennial (1999) ulungisa u-Asimov ukuze atshele impilo ye-NDR-114 (nge Robin Williamsofisa ukuqashelwa njengomuntu. Phakathi kokuphrinta okuhle okusemthethweni kanye nomuzwa wangempela, ifilimu icindezela abadumile Imithetho Emithathu ukubuza ngokweqiniso: yini eyenza sibe ngabantu?
Futhi ukube uKubrick wayeqondise I-AI Artificial Intelligence, bekungaba isiqephu sayo 2001Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, Steven Spielberg Waqala kabusha iphrojekthi ukuxoxa indaba DavidIngane-android ehlelelwe uthando. I-odyssey yakhe ngokusebenzisa umhlaba oxhaphaza abantu. Mecca Kushiya umcabango ongakhululekile: mhlawumbe unya lwabantu kungase kube umkhawulo wangempela wanoma yikuphi ukuhlalisana nezihlakaniphi ezingezona ezomuntu.
Ukushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe nakho kwaqala ngomsizi wezwi okhethekile: Iron Man (2008) kufakwa endlini kaTony Stark nezikhali IJARVIS (Just A Very Intelligent System), ngezwi lika-Paul Bettany, efilimini elizoba UmbonoEmakhomikhi, u-Jarvis wayengumphakeli wabantu womndeni wakwa-Stark, okwenza ukugxuma kubaluleke nakakhulu: Umbusi wekhulu lama-21 Isivele iyisofthiwe.
Kusukela ngo-2010 kuya phambili: imizwa, izibuko nama-alamu amasha
imidlalo (2013) ubeka eceleni isikhumba sokwenziwa ukuze sigxile ezwini. Umbhali oyedwa (Joaquin Phoenix) ithenga isistimu yokusebenza ehlakaniphile leyo kuguquka ngokomzwelo naye. Izwi lika-Scarlett Johansson liphakamisa umbuzo ongakhululekile kakhulu: uma i-AI yazi, ilalela, ifisa, futhi ikwenza ujabule, yini ehlukanisa lokho kusondelana nokusondelana "kwangempela"?
En Ex Machina (2014), U-Alex Garland Kusifaka elabhorethri yengilazi ukuze sidlale ngayo i-Turing Test Avai-gynoid ekhohlisayo, eyenga futhi ufuna ukusindaIfilimu iyisiqephu sokuhlinzwa esimayelana namandla, ukuchema komdali, nesikhathi lapho isidalwa sibheka "unkulunkulu" waso emehlweni ngaphandle kokucwayiza.
AbaseBrithani Umshini (2013) iqala njengephrojekthi ezokwenziwa ama-supersoldiers e-cybernetic phakathi kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi evuselelwe (i-United Kingdom vs. China) futhi igcina ngokuzibuza ukuthi kwenzekani uma lezo zinhlangano zizwa uzwela Futhi bayakulahla ukubulala. Kuwukuphenduka kwesimilo ohlotsheni oluncane olwaluvame ukuya ngqo ku-trigger.
Ngingumama (2019) ukhiyela intombazane endlini engaphansi ekhuliswe ngu irobhothi lomnakekeli othembisa ukuphinda agcwalise Umhlaba ngemibandela "enengqondo". Lapho owesifazane ovela ngaphandle ebonakala, ukungabaza kuphakama: ukuvikelwa noma ububaba obubulalayo nge-AI?
Emkhakheni wama-android angaqondakali, Prometheus (2012), ngaphansi kokuqondisa kuka Ridley Scott, izipho DavidImodeli yesevisi ilukuluku layo elifinyelela ku-psychopathic yomtholampilo. Ubudlelwano bayo nempilo nabadali bayo bandisa isiko lama-android "afundile" kodwa anokuziphatha okungalungile. opaque.
Uma sixuba inyama, i-silicon, kanye ne-capitalism, sithola I-RoboCop (1987): ayigxili ku-supercomputer eyodwa, kodwa kunalokho i-corporatocracy eyenza abantu abengeziwe kanye nezinhlelo "ezihlakaniphile" zibeke ukuhleleka, isexwayiso mayelana nokuthi ubani ochaza izinjongo zobuchwepheshe.
Kumabonakude namafilimu, I-Galactica, indawo yonke esempini (1978) watshala i Ama-Cylons njengempucuko yomshini ephishekela abantu bokugcina emkhathini, isandulela esinamandla salokho manje esikubiza ngokuthi "ingozi ekhona" ye-AI.
Ukubuyela emuva, Iplanethi enqatshelwe (1956) wayeseke wazama ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa i-subconscious kanye ne- ukuzibulala okungaba namandla angenamkhawulo, impande yakudala ephakela amakhompuyutha angaphezu kweyodwa ngokukhohlisa kobuhle.
I-AI iphinde ihambe ngezindlela "ezijwayelekile". Ukuhlubuka Kwemishini (1986) ihlanganisa ndawonye izingozi nokufa lapho izinto zansuku zonke zibonakala sengathi ziyaphila, ukubhuqa okuyihlazo okwenza kube novalo lokuthi yonke into esizungezile jikelane.
Futhi lapho isitha singazalwanga kithi kodwa "sehlisiwe," igciwane (1999) uphakamisa a intelligence alien eligebenga izinhlelo, lisebenzisa imizimba yabantu, futhi lisebenzise ukuncika kwethu kwezobuchwepheshe ukuze siphile.
Phakathi kwezihloko "ezincane kodwa ezinkulu", I-DARYL (1985) uveza ukuthi ingane ephelele endaweni, empeleni, a i-robotic life form Idalwe amasosha (I-Data Analyzing Robot Youth Lifeform), isexwayiso esimnandi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi kobuntwana ngobuchwepheshe.
Ukubuyela ku-cyberspace, Tron (1982) usethule emhlabeni wedijithali obuswa yi- Uhlelo Lokulawula OkuyinhlokoLokhu bekuyimbewu yemicabango eminingi eyalandela mayelana ne-inthanethi njengohlelo lwezemvelo lwezepolitiki. Futhi uma kukhona owayenokungabaza mayelana nokuhambisana kwesihloko, ingxoxo izalwa kabusha nge-premiere ethi Tron: Ares, okuletha ukungqubuzana phakathi umsebenzisi, uhlelo namandla.
Ama-archetypes aziphindayo kanye nemibuzo eqhubeka ikhula
Emashumini eminyaka, amaphethini ayavela. Zikhona abaqaphi ababa ngondlovukayiphikiswa (HAL, Colossus, WOPR/Joshua, V'ger, Skynet, VIKI, Red Queen, MCP), the imishini enesikhumba (Ash, the Gunslinger of Westworld, abakopishi, Ava, David, NDR-114, Umama), kanye amasistimu akuyo yonke indawo lokho kuhlebeza ezindlebeni zethu (the SO of imidlalo, ikhompuyutha othandweni Amaphupho kagesi(JARVIS). Lezi zibalo, nazo zikhona ku amahlaya amahle kakhulu mayelana namarobhothiImibono efanayo izungeza lokhu: ubani ochaza iziphetho?, sikugwema kanjani ukuchema okubulalayo?, yimiphi imingcele yezimiso zokuziphatha nezomthetho esiyibeka kumuntu ukuhlakanipha okungekona okomuntu ngamandla angempela?
Ifilimu iphinde ihlanganyele nomhlaba wangempela. Ukwesaba kwenuzi Impi Yomshoshaphansi sekwephuzile Colossus y Imidlalo yempi; isiko lebhizinisi livezwa ku Alien, I-RoboCop o Owakhile omubiInkathi yabasizi bezwi kanye "ne-consumer AI" ibonakala kuyo imidlalo y Iron Man; kanye ne-echo ekhona ye Matrix Kusikhumbuza ukuthi i-dystopias engcono kakhulu izibuko: bakhuluma ngathihhayi kubo.
Okokugcina, amanye amafilimu anikeza idatha ethakazelisayo esiza ukuqonda umthelela wawo: I-Star Trek: Ifilimu wagibela igagasi laqala I-star wars futhi saguqula isabelomali sezigidi ezingu-15 saba esinye Izigidi ezingu-140; Imidlalo yempi Yashintsha abaqondisi ekuqaleni futhi yandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo ngokuphindwe kashumi; Terminator Yazalwa ngephunga le-B-movie futhi yakha i-saga ephelele; futhi ngisho Colossus, naphezu kwakhe ukubhoboza commercial, ishiye isihloko esikhulu esizwakala sibalulekile namuhla kunangaphambili.
Mhlawumbe ngelinye ilanga iqiniso liyodlula inganekwane, kodwa ngisho namanje i-cinema isinikeze ikhathalogi yezexwayiso, ububele, nezindida: ama-supercomputers "kuphela" agcwalisa umsebenzi wawo Ukuthatha umqondo kuze kufike eqophelweni lokungenangqondo, ama-android afuna ukuphila ngaphandle kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi, izinhlelo ezisinakekelayo kuze kube sekugcineni, kanye nezidalwa zekhodi ezisibhekayo, ezisiqondayo, futhi ezibuza ukuthi yini eyenza sibe abantu. Mhlawumbe yingakho abantu abaningi bebingelela i-chatbot abayintandokazi yabo ngesizotha: uma kwenzeka.
