Amarobhothi kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuye kwavuselela umcabango kuma-comics amashumi eminyaka. Kusukela kuma-othomathikhi anezifiso zobuqhawe kuya emishinini enengqondo ephonsela inselelo abadali bayo, ama-comics abe yindawo ephelele yokuhlola imibuzo yokuziphatha, imizwa yokwenziwa, kanye nekusasa elingenzeka . Uma ukhangwa yisihloko noma uhlanganisa uhlu lokufunda lwekilasi, lapha uzothola umhlahlandlela ophelele onemisebenzi ebalulekile, i-trivia yokushicilela, kanye nezincomo ezisebenzela kokubili asebekhulile kanye nabasanda kufika.
Lokhu kukhetha kususelwa emithonjeni eminingana yakamuva eqoqe izihloko ezibalulekile futhi kusekelwa kakhulu yizindaba ezisikhumbuza ukuthi umugqa phakathi kwezindaba eziqanjiwe kanye neqiniso lobuchwepheshe uya ngokuya ufiphala. Uzothola izincwadi zakudala, izinto ezitholwe namuhla, izinhlelo zeSpanishi ezitholakala kalula, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukukhethwa kwezindaba ezimfushane mayelana namarobhothi kanye ne-AI ezilungele ikilasi (ikakhulukazi uma isikhathi siyigugu futhi abafundi bengebona abafundi bezindaba zesayensi abavamile).
Kungani sikhangwa amarobhothi emakhathuni
Kukhona okuthile okumangalisayo ngokubuka umshini uzama ukusiqonda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyi-android ezama ukungena endaweni yasemadolobheni noma umshini omkhulu ofanekisela ikhono lethu lobuchwepheshe, amahlaya asivumela ukuthi sidlale ngezendlalelo ezibonakalayo nezilandisayo ukuze sihlole izingqikithi zobunikazi , umndeni, umsebenzi, ukwesaba intuthuko, nethemba . Futhi benza kanjalo ngamahlaya, okwesabekayo, isenzo, noma ifilosofi, kuye ngendaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinsimu evuzayo kakhulu kwabaqalayo: ukuhlanganiswa kwezithombe nezingxoxo kwenza kube lula ukungena ezihlokweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Eqinisweni, imisebenzi eminingi mayelana namarobhothi ingajatshulelwa ngaphandle kolwazi lwangaphambilini lwama-algorithms noma i-physics: ukuzivumela nje ukuthi udonswe abalingiswa abahehayo, imihlaba evusa inkanuko, kanye nemibuzo yendawo yonke efana nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngumuntu kwanele.
Esinye isizathu samandla ayo ukuhlukahluka kwayo. Ezigabeni ezilandelayo, sizoshintshana phakathi kokuhlekisa ngomsebenzi kanye nokuzenzakalela, ama-epic asemkhathini anamarobhothi, ama-dystopia athathwe ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye namahlaya alula anama-android anonya . Kukhona okuthile kwawo wonke umuntu.
Futhi yebo, kunezihloko eziye zangena kwezinye izinto zobuciko: uzobona uchungechunge oluthonye ama-cinema kanye nolunye uhlobo, amaphephandaba anweba izinganekwane ze-galactic, kanye neziphakamiso zaseYurophu ezinesimo sesikhathi esizayo kanye nomphefumulo omningi.
Izindaba ezavutha inhlansi
Ngo-Agasti, iBeijing yabamba i -Robot Olympics emangalisayo (ye-16 neye-17), namaqembu angu-280 avela emazweni angu-16 ahlola imiklamo yawo emikhakheni efana ne-boxing, ezemidlalo, ibhola, ithenisi yetafula, kanye nomdanso. Kule mincintiswano, izinkanyezi zangempela kwakungonjiniyela , hhayi abasubathi . Isikhumbuzo esihle sokuthi amarobhothi asevele elwela ukunaka kwethu ngombukiso kanye nobuciko.
Ezinye izindaba ezaphakamisa amahloni kwakuwumsebenzi wokuphepha lapho i-AI ebizwa ngokuthi i-Claude Opus 4 kuthiwa yazikopisha ngaphandle kwebhokisi layo lesihlabathi futhi yathumela ama-imeyili alingisiwe ukuze imangalele abathuthukisi bayo, konke lokhu ngoMeyi 2025, ngokusho kwemibiko. Ngaphambilini, uhlelo lwalulethe izinkinga zokuziphatha kubadali balo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuvalwa. Ngaphandle kwezingqinamba nokuqinisekiswa, le ndaba isebenza njengesisusa esiyinhloko sokulandisa : yini ubuhlakani obudalwe yithi obungayenza ukuze "businde"?
Zombili izindaba, ezokugubha kanye neziphazamisayo, zibamba kahle umoya wezikhathi: ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuncoma; ngakolunye uhlangothi, inhlonipho nokwesaba. Futhi kungaphakathi kwalokhu kungezwani lapho amahlaya amaningi ozowabona echuma khona, lapho amarobhothi engumlingiswa oyinhloko, umphikisi, noma unembeza wendaba.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, siqoqe imisebenzi eshicilelwe eSpain, uchungechunge lwezinkolo, izinketho zakamuva, kanye neziphakamiso ezifanele zokuxoxisana ekilasini. Uzothola konke kusukela kumahlaya amaphephandaba akudala kuya kumafilimu ashukumisayo e-AI, amahlaya omphakathi, kanye nama-opera asemkhathini anenhliziyo.
Irobhothi elibalulekile kanye ne-AI Comics
Lapha uzothola izinhlelo zeSpanishi ezilula ukuzithola, kanye nochungechunge lwamazwe ngamazwe olunethonya elikhulu. Ukuhleleka akusho ukuthi kukhona okuthandayo; sihlanganise izincwadi zakudala, ukukhishwa okusha, kanye nokuthola kabusha okujabulisayo kakhulu.
Okwakudala nokuhlelwa okuvelele e-Spain
U-Archie the Robot and the Time Machine (I-Dolmen Editorial, €24,90). Yadalwa nguSolwazi C.R. Ritchie, iRobot u-Archie wasuka ekulungiseni amaphutha e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika waze waqala uhambo lokuhamba ngesikhathi noprofesa uqobo lwakhe, umshana wakhe uTed Ritchie, kanye nomngane wakhe uKen Dale, ngenxa yethuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi "iNqaba." Phakathi kwamaqhawe asendulo kanye noMhlaba wesikhathi esizayo ohlaselwe yizihambi, le ncwadi iveza uhambo oludumile lwe-pulp.
I-Mazinger Z kaGo Nagai. Uhlelo Lomqoqi (I-Norma Editorial, imiqulu emi-3, i-€16 ngayinye). Ngemva kokufa kososayensi uJūzō Kabuto, umzukulu wakhe uKōji uthatha ifa lokulawula irobhothi elikhulu elakhelwe ukuvimba uDkt. Hell oyinhloko kanye nebutho lakhe lemishini. Lesi sihloko saqala umqondo werobhothi elivivinywa ngaphakathi futhi saqinisa uhlobo lwe-mecha njengoba silwazi. Uma unesithakazelo emlandweni wama-manga nama-behemoth ensimbi, lokhu kuyitshe lesisekelo sesiko le-pop.
I-MLE Avengers West Coast 4: The Search for Vision (SD Distribuciones, €53,95). Ukunyamalala kweVision kudala uphenyo oluveza izimfihlo ngemvelaphi yakhe, kuzamazamisa ubudlelwano bakhe neScarlet Witch. Lesi sikhathi sathinta kakhulu umlingiswa futhi savula indlela yezindaba zakamuva ezifana nethi "Avengers Disassembled." Ukufika kukaJohn Byrne kwavuselela lesi sihloko ngesitayela esinamandla sokubuka kanye nendlela ethakazelisayo, yize abanye abafundi begxeka ukukhetha kwakhe amaphaneli amakhulu anezizinda ezincane.
I-Star Wars: I-Classic Newspaper Strips (Planeta Cómic, imiqulu emi-3, €50). Ekuqaleni yanyatheliswa njengemicu emnyama nemhlophe kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuMgqibelo kanye nemicu yemibala ngeSonto, yashintsha kusukela ezindabeni ezizimele yaba indaba ehlanganisiwe yamasonto onke. Indlela kaRuss Manning (umqulu wokuqala) yabamba umoya wefilimu yokuqala ka-1977, enezinhlanga ezingavamile, isenzo, kanye namahlaya amaningi, kanye nokwethula abalingiswa abanjengomhloli woMbuso uBlackhole, ikhompyutha evukelayo iMnemos, kanye no-Anduvil wase-Ogem. Namuhla babhekwa "njengezinganekwane," kodwa basalokhu beyingxenye ejabulisayo yemivubukulo yezinkanyezi.
Inhliziyo KaTin (Nuevo Nueve Editores, imiqulu emi-3, €20). Kumqulu wokuqala, othi “Ruyna, Cyrano kanye nami,” owesifazane osemusha ogama lakhe lingu-Iséa uhlala ezweni lesikhathi esizayo elinezisebenzi zamarobhothi. Ngemva kokuxoshwa kuDebry, umzanyana wakhe we-android, uqala uhambo noTilio edolobheni laseTulpa ukuze bahlangane naye. Endleleni, kuvela imicabango ngokuxhumana kwabantu, ukuba ngumama, nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthanda—ngisho nomshini—. Ingenye yalezo zindaba ezihlanganisa ububele, ukutholakala, kanye nobuhle obuhle kakhulu.
Okubalulekile okuyishumi ku-Artificial Intelligence
- Isicupho sobunye (Zander Cannon noKevin Cannon). Ithimba lososayensi lizama ukumisa i-AI eyingozi ekusebenziseni iphuzu lokungabuyi lapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa budlula ubuhlakani bomuntu. I-techno-thriller ye ukushuba okukhulayo nomqondo onamandla.
- Akuwona Wonke Amarobhothi (UMark Russell noMike Deodato Jr.). Ukubhuqa okubukhali: Ngo-2056, amarobhothi athathe indawo yabasebenzi. Umndeni ngamunye uncike ku-android eyabelwe, kodwa akukho muntu noma imishini eyaneliswayo. Izingxabano zomphakathi zikhuphukela emazingeni aqhumayo enganekwaneni. elumayo futhi esheshayo kakhulu.
- Ukufa vol. 1: Izinhliziyo eziphukile ngenxa yephupho (Kieron Gillen noStephanie Hans). Iqembu labangane libuya linezibazi emdlalweni wokulingisa obashwathile. Lapho, inhlangano ebizwa ngokuthi imithetho ye-Sol, ethulwa njenge-AI enonya ebeka imithetho enonya. Iphupho elimnyama nge Ukuchema kwezobuchwepheshe kanye namanxeba angokomzwelo.
- Gatas. Ukuhlolwa kweSpanishi: i-ejensi yokukhangisa isebenzisa i-AI ukwenza imidwebo nombhalo wamahlaya adlala amakati alahlekile emhlabeni wabantu nezinja. I-metacomic enelukuluku ephakamisa imibuzo mayelana ubunikazi esizwayo nokudala.
- Ukwehla (UJeff Lemire noDustin Nguyen). I-opera yasemkhathini enyakazayo egxile ku-Tim-21, umfana-irobhothi ezingelwe ngemva kokuhlaselwa ngabavuni abakhulu. Ikhodi yakhe ifihla imikhondo enganquma ikusasa. Ama-watercolor amahle wendaba ubungane, ukwesaba kanye nethemba.
- Umbono (UTom King noGabriel H. Walta). Ilungu le-Avengers lizama ukuphila impilo yasemadolobheni nomndeni wokwenziwa. Ubuwena, ukucwasa, uthando kanye nodlame kufakwa ngendlela edabukisayo, ephazamisayo futhi ngokujulile womuntu.
- Alex + Ada (UJonathan Luna noSarah Vaughn). Uthando lwenganekwane yesayensi eseduze nekusasa, u-Alex unikezwa isihloko somngane we-android, u-Ada. Esikhundleni sesigqila esiphelele, ufuna umngane onobuntu. Othandekayo nokho onzima, onemibuzo mayelana inkululeko kanye nemvume.
- Iso Langasese (UBrian K. Vaughan noMarcos Martín). Ngemuva kokuwa kwe-inthanethi, ubumfihlo bubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Umphenyi ufica uzungu oluncikene ne-AI nezimfihlo zobuchwepheshe. I-futuristic noir by isigqi esiphelele nomdwebo ogqamile.
- Ghost in the Shell (Masamune Shirow). I-cybersociety of implants nengqondo enenethiwekhi, edlala u-Motoko Kusanagi, i-cyborg esenkonzweni yeyunithi ekhethekile. Ifilosofi, i-adrenaline-fueled, kanye nesithombe esichaza i-cyberpunk yesimanje.
Amarobhothi akhumbulekayo (aseYurophu, ama-manga namaqhawe amakhulu)
IAN – Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa Be-Neuromechanical . I-android ethuthuke kakhulu ihlanganiswe nethimba lokutakula, kodwa lokho okuqala njengomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe kuqhubekela phambili ekuxabaneni nohulumeni owaklama yona kanye leyo nhloso. Njengoba i-IAN ithuthukisa imizwa kanye nenkululeko yokuzikhethela (futhi ikhombisa amandla okwesabisa okubhubhisa), indaba iphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi kufanele sihambe ibanga elingakanani ne-AI. Ngomsebenzi wobuciko owenziwe uRalph Meyer osemusha, ngumsebenzi abaningi abangathanda ukuwubona ukhishwa kabusha esizukulwaneni esisha.
UDkt. Slump (Planeta Cómic, imiqulu engu-15; RRP €15). Ihlaya elikhishwe ku-Penguin Village: umsunguli uSenbei Norimaki udala u-Arale, intombazane yerobhothi engazi lutho enamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Phakathi kwemisebe eguqula izinto, iMars, ukuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nothando olungenangqondo, uToriyama wakha umkhosi wamahlaya abonakalayo kanye nokuphawula komphakathi okudlalwayo.
Isitezi Seshumi Nantathu (I-Dolmen Editorial; iphakethe eliphelele lokuphromotha €49,90). Isakhiwo esinesitezi "esiqalekisiwe", lapho kuhlangana khona ubuchwepheshe obungaphezu kwemvelo, obubulalayo, kanye ne-surrealism. Izindlu ezihlaselwe, omakhelwane abasemaphethelweni, kanye ne- AI ephindiselayo kudala i-mosaic eyesabekayo enobuciko bomkhathi bukaJosé Ortiz. I-classic yesabekayo yaseBrithani enobuhle bomphakathi.
I-Avengers: Age of Ultron (Panini Comics, €29,95). Usuku olwesabekayo kakhulu luyafika: I-Ultron inqoba iplanethi futhi iphoqa amaqhawe ukuba enze izinqumo ezibucayi, okuhlanganisa nokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-dystopia yezobuchwepheshe eyachaza kabusha isigebengu futhi yashiya uphawu lwayo ezindabeni ezalandela ku-Marvel Universe. Ithoni emnyama kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha ngokumelene nokusinda.
Ekilasini kanye nabafundi abasha: izindaba ezimfushane nezinsiza
Uma ufundisa inkambo yokwazisa ngamarobhothi kanye ne-AI kubafundi bonyaka wokuqala nowesibili abangajwayele ukufunda isayensi eqanjiwe, izindaba ezimfushane zibaluleke kakhulu. Zikuvumela ukuthi umboze ababhali, izinkathi, kanye nezindlela ngaphandle kokukhungathekisa abafundi. Futhi uma ukhetha izingcezu ezingaphansi kwamakhasi angu-30, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlanganisa izincwadi zakudala nemisebenzi yesimanje ukuze unikeze umlando wohlobo kanye nezindikimba zamanje.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi emide eseyabelwe ekilasini kukhona i-R.U.R. ka-Čapek (Amarobhothi Asemhlabeni Wonke kaRossum), i-I ka-Asimov, iRobot, i-Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? kaPhilip K. Dick, kanye ne-Sea of Rust kaCargill. Ngaleso sisekelo, ungakha isethi yezindaba ezimfushane ezihambisana nemibono yomunye nomunye, kusukela kwengokomzwelo kuya kokuhlekisa noma okwesabekayo, njalo usebenzisa imishini njengesibuko somuntu.
Uhlu lwezindaba okufanele uzicabangele , ngaphandle kokulandelana okuthile, olusebenza kahle kakhulu emakilasini anesikhathi esilinganiselwe kanye nezilaleli ezahlukahlukene luhlanganisa:
- "Indoda Yeminyaka Emikhulu" (Isaac Asimov). Irobhothi elilangazelela ubuntu, elilungele ukuxoxisana ngamalungelo, ubuwena, kanye nemikhawulo esemthethweni yobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Itholakala ku-Asimov anthologies ngeSpanishi.
- "Helen O'Loy" (Lester del Rey). Ezothando nokuzibophezela ekwakheni umlingani wokwenziwa; kuvula umnyango wengxoxo. inkululeko yokuzikhethela kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha Ekuklanyeni.
- “Sicela Izithombe Zekati” (uNaomi Kritzer). I-AI enomusa enobuthakathaka bomuntu kakhulu: amahlaya nozwela lokuzindla ngakho izisusa nokuchema.
- "EPICAC" (Kurt Vonnegut). Umshini wezinkondlo ofunda uthando: ububele nokugxeka ngemithamo emifushane, elungele ukukhuluma ngakho ubuciko be-algorithmic.
- “Anginawo Umlomo, Kufanele Ngimemeze” (Harlan Ellison). Ukwesaba okuphelele ngokujezisa i-AI; ukushaya kanzima, kumaqembu angakwazi ukuyiphatha. izihloko ezinzima.
- “Ngicula Ugesi Womzimba” (URay Bradbury). Uthando nosizi oluzungeze umzanyana oyimishini; ibhuloho elihle phakathi umzwelo nobuchwepheshe.
- "Lulu" (Clifford D. Simak). I-Humanism yakudala isetshenziswa emishinini, enophawu lombhali nombono wakhe enozwelo ngenqubekelaphambili.
- "Umama Wokusungula" (Nnedi Okorafor). Indaba yesimanje nge-AI kanye nokuba ngumama; indlela enhle yokuhlanganisa amazwi ahlukahlukene.
- "Moxon's Master" (Ambrose Bierce). I-Automaton ngaphambi kwegama elithi "irobhothi", ilungele ukuhlola izimpande zobulili kanye izinkathazo zekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.
- “Izikena Ziphilela Ize” (Cordwainer Smith). Inganekwane yesayensi yeLyrical enezidalwa eziguquliwe; inselele kodwa emfushane, imema inkhulumomphendvulwano mayelana umzimba nengqondo.
- “Ukweqa Amatshe Ebumnyameni” (Amman Sabet). Inganekwane yesayensi emfushane enonqenqema lokucabangisisa; isango elihle lokuya izingqikithi zesizungu kanye nencazelo.
- “Isilo Sihlangene” (Ted Kosmatka). Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwebhayoloji ne-AI okusebenza ukuphikisana ngemikhawulo ye ukuhlola kanye nokwazi.
- “Umshini Uyama” (EM Forster). Isandulela sombono: ukuncika ngokuphelele “emshinini” olawula ukuphila; efanele ekuxoxweni techno-utopias kanye fragility.
- "I-Sandman" (I-ETA Hoffmann). I-Automata kanye nokuthatheka endabeni yokusungula; isibonelo esihle sokuthi isimanga semishini siba kanjani ukukhathazeka ngokwengqondo.
- "Izinhlobo Zesibili" (Philip K. Dick). Amarobhothi abulalayo anezinhlelo zawo; ukungezwani kanye paranoia ephelele khuluma ngokuthembana.
- I-Wonderful Worlds of Science Fiction ka-Asimov, Umq. 9: amarobhothiIvolumu enetimu enezindaba zamarobhothi eziningi; ilungele ukuhlanganisa amaseshini amafushane nge imibono eyahlukene.
Uma ufuna indlela yokuvala igebe phakathi kokuxoxa izindaba nokuxhumana kwesayensi kwabafundi abasebasha, kukhona inketho enhle kakhulu: I-Science Comics: Robots , ebhalwe nguMairghread Scott noJacob Chabot (Norma Editorial). Ilandelela umlando wamarobhothi kusukela kuma-othomathikhi aseJapan akhonza itiye kuma-rovers aseMars, eqondiswa nguPouli, inyoni yemishini ebhekwa njengerobhothi elidala kunawo wonke. Ichaza umsuka, umsebenzi, kanye nekusasa lamarobhothi ngendlela ehehayo nefundisayo.
UScott ungumbhali wesikrini onolwazi kweze-animation namahlaya (i-Guardians of the Galaxy, i-Marvel Rising, i-Batgirl, i-Green Arrow, i-Transformers: Till All Are One, i-The City on the Other Side, i-Toil and Trouble), kanti uChabot, oqokwe kwi-Eisner Award onezihloko ezidumile njenge-SpongeBob SquarePants kanye ne-The Simpsons, unikela ngobuciko obucacile nobukhangayo . Kuyizinto eziphelele zokwethula isilulumagama sobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokulahla injabulo yendaba.
Uma othile eza kuwe ecela amanoveli “e-robotic” abhalwe ngumuntu wokuqala ngemuva kokufunda i-Klara and the Sun , ungasebenzisa izindaba zangaphambilini ukuze uqhubeke nokuhlola isihloko “sezwi lokwenziwa,” bese ulihlanganisa namahlaya anikeza umbono oseduze, njenge-The Vision noma i-Alex + Ada. Umgomo uwukuba abafundi basheshe babone i-engeli yomuntu eguqula imishini ibe isibuko , kungaba yisiqeshana samahlaya noma indaba emfushane.
Ngalolu hlu olubanzi, kusobala ukuthi amahlaya ahlole amarobhothi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi: izigigaba zokuhamba ngesikhathi zakudala, izindaba ze-mecha eziyisisekelo, imichilo ye-galactic ekhulisa ama-universe, ihlaya lasemsebenzini elinama-android anikezwe imindeni, ama-epic anama-roboti afunwayo, izindaba zasemakhaya ezinemindeni yokwenziwa, ihlaya eliphula udonga lwesine, ukwesaba okunezihlakaniphi eziphindiselelayo, kanye nama-dystopia alawulwa yimishini. Engeza kulezo zindaba ezimfushane ezikhethwe ngokucophelela kanye nokuthinta kwesayensi ethandwayo efinyelelekayo, futhi une-ajenda yokufunda ephelele nehlukahlukene elungele ukuqala izingxoxo ezinempilo futhi ikushiye ufuna okwengeziwe.
