I-Calas yizimbali zesitshalo se-herbaceous stem esaziwa ngamanye amagama avamile noma ezilimi zomdabu ezifana nalezi: i-lily yamanzi, i-alcatraz, i-cartridge, i-pitcher flower nabanye; kuya ngesifunda lapho isatshalaliswa khona. Ukuhlanganisa wonke la magama ohlotsheni olulodwa singalubiza ngegama laso lesayensi I-Zantedeschia aethiopica. Iwuhlobo oludabuka e-Afrika futhi okwamanje isatshalaliswa kabanzi futhi isetshenziswa ngokuhlobisa.
Izici ze-cove
I-Cove (I-Zantedeschia aethiopica) idabuka eNingizimu Afrika, isitshalo esine-herbaceous somndeni wezitshalo i-Araceae. Ngobuhle bayo isetshenziswa yizinhlobo ze-genus Zantedeschia, isatshalaliswa kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa futhi yenziwe ngokwemvelo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zeplanethi. Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi nenyakatho yezwekazi laseYurophu bayibiza ngokuthi "calla", ngokungafani nezinye izindawo eziyibiza ngegama lendabuko le-alcatraz, "i-Ethiopia cove", "indandatho yase-Ethiopia", "umnduze wamanzi", "umnduze we-calla" , "i-cartridge", "imbali yejeke" namanye amagama.
Nakuba kuyisitshalo esimila endle ezindaweni ezishisayo, iyisitshalo esikwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esisesilinganisweni. Zibhekwa njengezitshalo zasemanzini ngoba zikhula emaphethelweni noma osebeni lwamanzi, ngaphandle kokucwiliswa emfuleni noma echibini. Ezinye izinhlobo zalolo hlobo zikhula zibe izitshalo ezijulile nezitshalo ezintantayo.
Isiqu seCalla (I-Zantedeschia aethiopica) iyi-oblong rhizome enkulu, amaqabunga ayo makhulu, afinyelela ubude obuyimitha nesigamu, lezi zitshalo zikhula zakha amaqembu aminyene noma uquqaba lwezitshalo zeCalas. Inamaqabunga e-basal, i-petiolate ne-sagittate. Ihlukaniswa ngezimbali zayo ezikhangayo nezingavamile, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuqhakaza kweCalas kwenzeka futhi izimbali ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 zizalwa nge-bulb ngayinye. Ine-inflorescence ye-monoecious elula, enobukhulu obungamasentimitha angu-7 noma ngaphezulu, i-calyx yayo ihlelwe ngendlela yefaneli futhi ine-spadix eqondile.
Kuyisitshalo esingapheli esimila minyaka yonke, simila onqenqemeni lwamanzi, ngakho-ke uma silinywa kufanele sinikezwe amanzi anele phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila kwaso, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lamanzi kungahluka kuye ngesiteji. yempilo edlula kuyo, okungukuthi, ngenkathi yokuqhakaza idinga amanzi amaningi futhi lapho isikhathi sokuqhakaza sesiphelile, inani lamanzi adingekayo liyancipha.
Igama layo le-botanical I-Zantedeschia aethiopia, Ngokusho kwezincwadi okuxoxwe ngazo, umsuka oqondile wegama lohlobo awaziwa. Zantedeschia, abanye ababhali baveza ukuthi yigama lomtholi walo uGiovanni Zantedeschi, owaphila phakathi neminyaka (1773-1846), owayeyisazi sesayensi yemvelo nesazi sezitshalo. Ngokunjalo, benza okuhlukile kokuthi igama livela kuFrancesco Zantedeschia (1798-1873), owayebuye abe yisazi sesayensi yezitshalo, isazi sezitshalo nodokotela, yena ngokwakhe wabhala ngembali yaseCala ngonyaka we-1825.
Incazelo yama-cove
Igama elithi "Cala" lezinhlobo (Zantedeschia aethiopica), yiyona esabalele kakhulu lapho itshalwa khona njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa. Okufanayo kwaqala ukusetshenziswa kusukela enkathini yama-Victorian emphakathini waseNgilandi, okuyigama elinikezwe lesi sitshalo futhi elivela emsebenzini othi "Ulimi lwezimbali" olwanyatheliswa ngo-1879 futhi lwabhalwa nguMiss Corruthers we-Inverness, umbhali owenza i- Inguqulo yesiNgisi yencwadi ebhalwe nguMme. I-Charlotte de la Tour eyabhalwa ngo-1818 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Le Langage des Fleurs".
Igama elithi "Cala" livela kwelesiGrikhi elithi "kalos" elisho ukuthi elihle, ngokwale ncazelo, ngolimi lwezimbali, le mbali yeCala ihlotshaniswa nophawu lwe-finesse nobuhle, obumelela ngokulinganayo ubuhle nokuzinza. Ngokuvumelana, abalobi bezincwadi babehlobene nemizwa ethile noma izinhloso ezihlobene nabathandi abaveza imizwa yabo, ngezimbali zeCalas noma ezinye izinhlobo ezinezimbali ezinhle.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okushiwo, izimbali ze-Calas zixhunywe nobumsulwa, ububele kanye nenhlanhla. Ngakho-ke, lapho unikeza izimbali ze-Calas noma isitshalo, ubonisa ukuzwelana kwakho, ukuncoma, ubuqotho noma ufisa inhlanhla kumuntu owamukelayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala we-Cala onesiphiwo unjani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umhlophe, obomvu, obomvana, ngoba zonke zinencazelo efanayo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, incazelo yazo iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umbala wezimbali zazo.
izitshalo ze I-Zantedeschia aethiopica
Njengoba yenziwa ngokwemvelo emazweni ahlukahlukene ukuze isetshenziswe njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa, abalimi be-horticultural baye benza iziphambano eziningana ukuze bathole ingxubevange, okuholela ekudalweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zeCalas eziphuma ohlotsheni olufanayo, nakuba zihluka ngombala wezimbali zazo. . Ezinye izibonelo yilezi: “I-Apple Court Babe”, “Childsiana”, “Gigantea”, “Glow”, “Marshmallow”, “Mnumzane Sam”, “Pershore Fantasia”, “Whipped Cream”, “White Mischief”, phakathi kwezinye. .
Ukunakekelwa
Izitshalo zeCalas zenza isiqu esinjenge-rhizome esikhula sivundlile futhi okuvela kuso izimpande eziminyene neziningi. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa isitshalo seCala ekhaya, kufanele ukhethe ibhodwe elikhulu nelijulile, ngoba liyisitshalo esihlala emanzini, singagcinwa sicwiliswe kancane emanzini. Uma itshalwe ebhodweni, ingabekwa emaphethelweni ezindlela nasemakhoneni anomswakama omuhle we-ambient, lapho ukukhanya kufinyelela khona ngokungaqondile.
Ukuze ukhule i-Calas engadini, kufanele ukhethe indawo lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kufinyelela ngokungaqondile, inhlabathi ijulile futhi ine-drainage enhle. Lapho uyihlwanyela, i-rhizome kufanele ingcwatshwe ekujuleni cishe kweminwe emibili noma emithathu. Angatshalwa futhi eduze konqenqema lwechibi ebhodweni kanye nesisekelo sebhodwe emanzini.
izimo zomhlabathi
Umhlabathi lapho i-Calas itshalwe khona okungcono kakhulu kufanele ibe nembobo, ilula futhi inomswakama kakhulu. Lapho ukhula ebhodweni, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ukhethe i-substrate enomanyolo noma into ephilayo futhi, uma itshalwe ngqo engadini, kunconywa ukuxuba inhlabathi yengadi nomhlabathi ovundile noma nge-peat. Izitshalo zeCala endle zikhula eduze nemithombo yamanzi futhi, ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama owanele futhi ikhishwe kahle. Uma unechibi engadini yakho, i-Calla Lilies iyizitshalo ezifanele zokutshala emaphethelweni alo.
Ukugqama
Lesi sitshalo silungele ukutshala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi omncane, uma kunomswakama omuhle, izitshalo zeCalas zivumelana kahle ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuhle. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu, ukukhanya nomswakama ophansi. Uma kwenzeka ukulima i-Calas futhi indawo enomthunzi omningi yakhethwa isitshalo, ukuqhakaza kwayo kuyoba yindlala futhi amaqabunga azoba mkhulu, okungenzeka kwabanye abantu bathandeke. Kucabangele lokhu uma ufuna izimbali eziningi.
Ukushisa
I-Callas, iminduze yamanzi noma i-alcatraz, iwuhlobo lwesitshalo esithanda ukushisa kancane, okungaba ngu-14°C kuya ku-20°C, okuyizinga lokushisa elilungele ukukhula kwezitshalo zalolu hlobo. Lesi sitshalo esihle singakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi asondele ku-0°C noma ngaphansi kancane. Nokho, ayimelani nesithwathwa esinamandla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, uma ucabanga ukuthi kunengozi yesithwathwa futhi singathinta isitshalo seCalla esitshalwe ebhodweni, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuyisa endaweni evikelekile ezintweni kuze kube yilapho inkathi ishintsha.
Ukunisela
Kuyisitshalo esithanda inhlabathi emanzi, ngenxa yalokhu lapho ukhula i-Calas kufanele ugcine i-substrate imanzi kancane ngenkathi yaso yezitshalo futhi lapho ingena ngenkathi yokuqhakaza ithanda inhlabathi emanzi. Lapho inkathi yasekwindla ifika futhi izimbali sezibunile, kulula ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela kuze kube yilapho imisiwe lapho kufika isikhathi sasebusika. Ukunisela kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kuqalwe kabusha kusukela ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo.
Umanyolo
Ukuvundiswa noma ukuvundiswa kwezinto eziphilayo noma umanyolo wemvelo kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kwamahlumela amasha ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, ngemva kokungalali ngesikhathi sasebusika. Uma kutholwa umquba noma umanyolo endlini yohwebo ekhethekile, leyo esetshenziselwa izitshalo zasemanzini iyaphakanyiswa. Uma ufuna ukukwenza ekhaya, ungakwenza ngesisekelo senhlabathi engadini, isihlabathi, ubumba, i-peat kanye nomquba wezinto eziphilayo.
Kubuye kuphakanyiswe ukuvundisa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma izinsuku ezingu-15 esigabeni sokuqhakaza, lokhu kukhulelwa noma ukukhulelwa kuzomiswa ekwindla, ngoba isitshalo sibuyela ekuphumuleni ngesikhathi sasebusika. Umanyolo kumele unikeze ama-macroelements alandelayo: i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium (N, P, K), ngezilinganiso ezifanayo, kanye nama-microelements.
Ukuthena i-Callas
Izitshalo zeCalla ziphakanyiswa ukuthi zisuse izimbali ezibunile namaqabunga omile noma ezihlaselwe izinambuzane noma ezigulayo. Ngenkathi yasekwindla ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo sisikwa eduze nesisekelo se-rhizome yaso ezingeni eliphansi. Uma ufuna ukwandisa ukuqhakaza, izimbali ziyasikwa njengoba zibuna. Izimbali zingaqoqwa ukuze kulungiswe ukuhlelwa kwezimbali, izimbali zalolu hlobo (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Bahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa evazini bephila.
Ukubhebhetheka
Izitshalo ze-Calla zizalana ngokocansi kanye ne-asexually. Eyokuqala kusukela ekutshalweni kwembewu yayo kanye nendlela yesibili iphumelela kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo futhi yenziwa ngokuhlukanisa ama-bulb amasha ahlumile futhi akhule ku-rhizome yawo. Lokhu kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kwenziwe ngenkathi yasekwindla lapho amaqabunga esikwa ezingeni eliphansi futhi isitshalo silungiselelwa ubusika. I-rhizome yonke iyasuswa, noma yiziphi izimila ezintsha noma amahlumela ayathenwa, futhi isitshalo siphinde sitshalwe kabusha.
Izinambuzane
Kuyisitshalo esimelana nezifo, kepha nokho amaqabunga aso ayinyama afiseleka kakhulu ezinambuzaneni zeminenke nama-slug. Lezi zitshalo ngezinye izikhathi zihlaselwa ama-aphid.
Amasiko
Abantu abathanda ukulima bangatshala izitshalo zeCalla ezimbizeni noma engadini yezindlu zabo, belungiselela izindawo ezifana nemvelo. I-Calla lily ingatshalwa emabhodweni ane-organic medium by professional horticulturists ukuze ithengiswe njengezitshalo zamabhodwe futhi ingatshalwa ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Ungatshala futhi emabhodini akhulayo ane-organic noma i-inorganic medium uma usebenzisa ama-hydroponics azotshalwa izimbali ezisikiwe.
Ukutshala ebhodweni noma engadini
Kufanele ukhethe indawo yokutshala noma i-substrate elula egcina amanzi kahle, ene-acidic pH ephakathi kuka-5,5 kuya ku-6. Indawo yokulima iphakanyiswa ukuthi ibe manzi ngaphandle kokugcwala amanzi futhi ama-rhizomes atshalwe ngokuhlukana okungamasentimitha angu-5. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe, ngoba izimpande zeCala zizalwa ngaphezu kwe-rhizome bese zehla.
Izinga lokushisa elinconywayo kufanele libe phakathi kuka-20°C no-25°C ukuze isitshalo sikhiqize amahlumela amasha. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi uyibeke endaweni enomthunzi omncane futhi uma kutshalwa amabhodwe amaningana kufanele ahlukaniswe njengoba amaqabunga ekhula. Njengoba ngokwemvelo iziphatha njengesitshalo se-semi-aquatic, ngesikhathi sokukhula, ungashiya amanzi okunisela phansi kwebhodwe okwesikhashana, ikakhulukazi ehlobo.
Uma uzotshala i-Callas engadini: Izitshalo zeCalla ezitshalwe ezimbizeni zingasetshenziswa noma ungatshala i-rhizome ngqo emhlabathini wengadi. Esimeni lapho izitshalo zeCala ezitshalwe ezimbizeni zitshalwa kabusha, indawo kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa endaweni ekhethiwe kuyakhethwa. Uma kutshalwa kabusha, kuyavulwa izimbobo ezingangebhodwe lapho zitshalwe khona, ngenhloso yokuthi uma sezikhishiwe ezimbizeni zilingane nezimpande zezimpande futhi zingalimali.
Uma kwenzeka ukutshala ama-rhizomes ngqo emhlabathini, tshala ekujuleni okungamasentimitha angu-5. Umhlabathi kufanele ugcinwe unomswakama omuhle uma ugxilisa inhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo silungele ukusibeka othangweni ezindleleni noma emibhedeni yezimbali kanye nokusibeka ezindaweni ezinomthunzi omncane. Inhlabathi inhle uma inothile nge-humus, peat, isihlabathi nobumba oluncane, ukuze ibe nokuvumelana okukhanyayo futhi ibambe amanzi.
Ukulinywa kwenkulisa
Ukutshalwa kwe-Cala enkulisa ochwepheshe, zonke izinyathelo zenziwa ezingeni lezimboni: ukukhethwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, inani lokutshala, i-substrate noma i-culture medium yalezi zitshalo, ukuchelela ngemishini, ukuvundisa, ukulawula izici zezulu: izinga lokushisa, umswakama wendawo ezungezile, umoya omncane kanye nokukhanya.
Izitshalo ezitshalwe ezitsheni zitshalwa emabhodweni ahlanzekile, anemibala, aqoshiwe akhangayo ngesikhathi sokuthengisa. Ukutshalwa kweCalas (Zantedeschia aethiopica), Kuhlelwa ngenjongo yokuba kutshalwe ukwaziswa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene zonyaka. Uma beyikhulisa njengembali esikiwe, babekwa emabhentshini ane-organic substrate noma indawo ekhulayo noma ku-substrate ye-inorganic ene-perlite uma usebenza ngendlela yokulima i-hydroponic.
Ama-horticulturists angochwepheshe azokhetha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobo I-Zantedeschia aethiopia, ngokocwaningo lwemakethe olwenziwe kanye nenani labantu abaqondiswe kubo. Ezitshalweni zeCala ezitshalwe emabhodweni, kukhethwa izinhlobo eziqhakaza kakhulu, ezikhula ngendlela evumelanayo kokubili ubude bamaqabunga azo kanye nobude bama-scapes azo ezimbali. Ezitshalweni zezimbali ezisikiwe, khetha izinhlobo ezineziqu zezimbali ezinde ezingasetshenziselwa ukuhlelwa kwezimbali.
Ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda okuthunyelwe mayelana nemvelo emangalisayo futhi ufunde ukuyithanda njengoba ufunda kabanzi ngayo: