Esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga kuneplanethi ebonakala ngokuba ngendlela ethile, izwe eliyinqaba. Ngalo mqondo, kulesi sihloko ngizokhuluma ngakho, i amandla adonsela phansi eplanethi ye-jupiter eyaziwa nangokuthi iplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke eSolar System etholakala endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-588 ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Futhi, lokhu kungathonya kakhulu iplanethi yethu naphezu kwaleli banga elisabekayo. Izazi zezinkanyezi Sekuyisikhathi eside becabanga ukuthi amandla abo adonsela phansi anamandla kangangokuthi aphambukisa izinkanyezi ezinomsila namatshe. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ithonya gravity on the amandla adonsela phansi amaplanethi, kubalulekile ukufunda iplanethi ngayinye eSolar System.
Amandla adonsela phansi eplanethi iJupiter
Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje sekube nophenyo lwakamuva olukhanyisela ukuthi la mandla adonsela phansi asebenzayo ayengangenelela kanjani esimweni sezulu soMhlaba. emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka edlule futhi, ngokulandelayo, simise izimo ezidingekayo ukuze ukuphila kuthuthuke emhlabeni wethu. Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukwazi ukuthi iplanethi iJupiter kunomthelela endaweni yethu.
Ngaphansi kwalokhu okungenhla, amandla adonsela phansi e-Jupiter, anenani eliphindwe ka-2,5 elinamandla kuneloMhlaba, linekhono lokudonsa amanye amaplanethi ku-Solar System, libambe uMhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, kuya ngokuthi uxhumana kanjani I-Jupiter enomhlaba, isimo sezulu seplanethi yethu singase siphazamise ngendlela ethonyayo.
Ngale ndlela, ucwaningo, olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseNew South Wales kanye neNyuvesi I-Royal Holloway yaseLondon, yakhiwe ezindinganisweni zekhompiyutha zethu Uhlelo lomkhathi, ngokukamagazini i-'Astrobiology Magazine'. Ngokusinda ngakunye kuphethini yekhompuyutha imihlaba Yohlelo Lukalanga lunwebeka endaweni kuyilapho i-Jupiter inyakaza emigudwini engalingani, kusukela ku-radial kuya ku-elliptical.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi basusa ukugxila kwabo ku-Jupiter ukuze bahlole ukuthi ngabe kwenzekani ukube iplanethi enkulukazi yayithuthuke yaba seduze neLanga noma kude kakhulu. Ngenkathi izingosi zeJupiter zidlala ingxenye encane ku-orbit kanye namanje kwe- Umhlaba, yebo uyakwenza esimweni sezulu. Nokho, olunye uphenyo lweqembu elifanayo nalo ludalula ithonya elinjalo, ososayensi abathi alinasizathu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zazimisela ukucacisa yonke into ehlobene namandla adonsela phansi eplanethi I-Jupiter njengoba le thiyori, abayibheka njengebaluleke kakhulu, ingasiza ekunikezeni imikhondo ophenyweni lwe amaplanethi okuhlalwa kuwo ngaphandle kweSolar System.
I-Jupiter, iplanethi engagcini yesimiso sonozungezilanga
Kodwa-ke, kuvame ukuthiwa ukuthi i-Jupiter iyinhlobonhlobo yomnakekeli esivikela nomthelela we amadwalaIqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngiyakutshela. Eqinisweni, kunenkolelo yokuthi izimo ze-nucleus ye-Jupiter zidlulele kangangokuthi i-metallic hydrogen ingatholakala kuyo, ifomu lapho i-hydrogen ingaguquki ngokuqondile ibe yinsimbi, njengoba isiteketiso sayo sisikisela, kodwa ibe umhlahlandlela kagesi.
Ngokufanayo, i-Jupiter inamandla izikhathi ezingu-3,3 kuneSaturn, iplanethi elandelayo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni uhlelo lwelanga noma, kokunye ukumelwa, ubukhulu bawo bukhulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingama-320 kunoMhlaba. Ngakho-ke ungacabanga ukuthi insimu yamandla adonsela phansi yale planethi inzima kakhulu, futhi empeleni, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi, ngenxa yalokho, i-Jupiter iwuhlobo lomqaphi olusivikela ekuhlaselweni yizinkanyezi ezinomsila nama-asteroids. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokhu, ungabheka isihloko sethu ku Amasathelayithi e-Jupiter.
Izithakazelo zeJupiter
Kumaplanethi aqokiwe angaphandle noma anegesi, i-Jupiter iyona eseduze kakhulu neLanga. Lo mdondoshiya uthatha isiteketiso saso kunkulunkulu wamaRoma uJupiter. Inomthethosisekelo ofana nalowo we Ilanga, ehlanganisa i-hydrogen, i-helium nenani elincane le-ammonia, i-methane, umhwamuko wamanzi nezinye izinto. Ukuze ujule ezicini zayo, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde mayelana iplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke yohlelo.
Ukuzungeza kwawo kushesha kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke amaplanethi aku-Solar System. Umkhathi weJupiter umnyama, unamafu neziphepho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ibonisa izingcezu ze-shades ehlukene kanye namabala athile. Lo mkhakha wekazibuthe owesabekayo, ofinyelela kuphela phakathi kwezigidi ezi-3 neziyi-7 km. ibheke eLangeni, ijikijelwa ngakolunye uhlangothi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-750 km., ize iyohlala endaweni I-orbit ye-Saturn.
Kuzokwenzekani uma sizama ukufinyelela ku-Jupiter?
Ngokwesakhiwo sayo, kuSolar System singakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaplanethi e-telluric (noma asemhlabeni), namaplanethi e-Jovian. Kusethi yokuqala kukhona: iMercury, iVenus, uMhlaba neMars. Okwesibili, lezo zinkanyezi, ngokubhuqa, esingeke sikwazi ukunyathela kuzo: I-Jupiter, Saturn, i-Uranus neNeptune.
Ngaphandle kokuba nobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu, amaplanethi e-Jovian akhiwe ngegesi. Ngokuyisisekelo iningi lokusatshalaliswa kwayo okukhulu yi-a i-macroatmosphere igesi enezingubo eziningi.
Ngendlela efanayo, amagesi avame ukuhlasela isikhala esiwaphethe, ngakho-ke ingqondo ivame ukusitshela ukuthi iplanethi enegesi akufanele ibe khona ngoba izoba nesimo esingaqondakali kahle, kancane kancane. eyindilinga, futhi ngokuhlanganyela la magesi ayeyosakazeka emkhathini.
Nokho, asazi ngokuqiniseka ukuthi yini ngempela engaphakathi kwamaplanethi amakhulukazi egesi, inkolelo-mbono eyamukelwa kakhulu ibonisa ukuthi ajabulela i-nucleus eqinile ehlanganiswe nedwala noma iqhwa nokuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyisimiso samandla adonsela phansi eplanethi. iplanethi.
Iphuzu liwukuthi, ukuhlanganiswa ikakhulukazi negesi ngeke sikwazi "ukumisa" ngokufanele okushiwo ebusweni bayo. Ungangeni ngisho kude kakhulu kweyakho umkhathi ngoba ingcindezi ikhuphuka kakhulu ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinga lokushisa.
Manje, ngokuqondene namandla adonsela phansi eplanethi iJupiter, lokhu kwenza izici zayo zidlale, okungukuthi, lenkanyezi ayinayo indawo, isisekelo somkhathi wayo sibonakala lapho ukucindezela kuyimigoqo engu-10 (izikhathi ezingu-10 ukuphoqelelwa komkhathi eMhlabeni olwandle). Kwenzeka okufanayo kuwo wonke umhlaba onegesi, njenge ISaturn, Neptune kanye ne-Uranus.
Ngendlela efanayo, lapho ngolunye usuku sikwazi ukufinyelela emgqeni wokumisa kuze kufike kulelo phuzu (ngaphezu kwalokho abanye abafana noCassini noma iVoyager 1 sebehambile) into engenzeka kakhulu ukuthi sizovumela i-capsule yehle, ivikeleke ngokufanele ngemisebe. kanye nezinga lokushisa elizothumela amasignali kuze kube yilapho i-gigantic soda iyamudla. Ingxenye, futhi ngenxa yokucindezela, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kutholakale ipuleti elikhulu le-metallic hydrogen.
Ekujuleni kweJupiter, ingcindezi ithathwa njengemigoqo eyizigidi ezimbili nezinga lokushisa libe ngu-2 Kelvin, ngokuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa elitholakala ebusweni beLanga. Kokunye kwalawo mazwi abhuqayo okudabukisayo ucwaningo lwasemkhathini oluhlale lunawo, luyasebenza. ukuthi sike sihumushe izimfihlakalo ezifihla ingaphakathi lazo I-Jupiter kodwa ngeke, neze, sibeke unyawo endaweni engenakho.
Ngokufanayo, kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Jupiter iye yabekezelela ama-comets nama-asteroids, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngabe igcine ingena ohlelweni lwangaphakathi sonozungezilanga. Ngokufanayo, isazi sezinkanyezi esiyimfundamakhwela sakhanga ukukhanya kweplanethi okwaba umphumela wenye ukushaqeka.
Lokhu kudubula akukona okudidayo okungajwayelekile. Ngo-1994, iComet Shoemaker-Levy 9 yadlula eduze kakhulu neJupiter futhi amandla ayo adonsela phansi ahlephula yaba yizicucu ezingu-21 ezagcina ziwele endaweni yayo. umkhathi futhi washiya amamaki ayebonakala izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Alikho kulezi zimo ebezingacabanga ingozi eMhlabeni, kodwa akumangazi ukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uJupiter wasikhulula kanye. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla adonsela phansi eplanethi iJupiter angumsuka wabaningi ama-asteroid kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala.
