Imisebenzi yasemkhathini ye NASA nezinye izikhungo zasemkhathini, ziye zabonakala ngokusungula izinto ezintsha ezikutholile. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izambulo ezintsha nezigqamile azizange zishaqise umphakathi kuphela, kodwa nomphakathi wesayensi uwonke. Phakathi kwabaningi, kuyagqama isikhathi lapho amanzi atholakala enyangeni.
Ngakho-ke, isisekelo samanzi enyanga siya siqiniswa ososayensi beNASA. Eqinisweni, ucwaningo lwakamuva lukwazile ukuphetha ngokuthi kukhona amadiphozithi amaningi noma amanani amaningi kunalokho okubonakala. Kodwa yini eyiqiniso ngempela nengelona?
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: Ingabe uyathanda ukwazi umsuka wenyanga? Yazi yonke imininingwane!
Yini ngempela eyaziwayo ngamanzi enyangeni? Zonke ingemuva lidaluliwe!
Sekunesikhathi kunombono wokuthi ukuba khona kwamanzi enyangeni bekungeke kwenzeke. Okokuqala, ngoba uketshezi olubalulekile ayikwazi ukuhlala esimweni sayo sakudala ebusweni benyanga. Futhi, ngesibili ngoba umhwamuko wamanzi ongaba umphumela walesi sibalo ubola ngokushesha ngenxa yesimo sezulu selanga.
Nokho, umphakathi wesayensi uye wathola ukuthi uma nje amanzi egcinwe esesimweni esiqinile, likhona ithemba. Njengoba equkethwe eqhweni, amanzi akwazi ukumelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezingaphezulu kwesathelayithi. Ngokukhethekile, kukholakala ukuthi igcinwa ngaphakathi kwama-craters ayo kanjalo.
Umthombo: National Geographic
Ukuchaza leli qiniso, kukhona ezithile izimo zamakhemikhali ezihlobene nokwakheka kwamanzi lokho kuhlanganiswe ne-lunar chemistry. Ngale ndlela, iyakwazi ukuziphilisa, izimunce iye ekujuleni kwayo noma imigodi yayo ngokujwayelekile.
Amanzi enyangeni abe yiqiniso elifundwa njalo kusukela ngo-1974. Kwaze kwafika ku-2018, lapho, ngemva kwemishini ehlukene yasemkhathini, ukuba khona kweqhwa emaphethelweni enyanga ekugcineni kwathengwa.
Ngemva kokuthola lokhu okutholakele, Imele impumelelo enkulu esintwini, ngenjongo yokuthola enye indawo okuhlalwa kuyo ngaphandle kweplanethi yomuntu. Inyanga manje isifaneleka njengenye yalezo zindawo ezingase zibe khona, okuzothi, esikhathini esingekude kakhulu, ezizosingatha impucuko yasemhlabeni.
ohambweni lwenyanga yenyanga. Kwafakazelwa kanjani ukuthi akhona amanzi enyangeni?
Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke hhayi nje i-NASA, kusukela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, baye bazimisela ukufakazela ukuthi kukhona amanzi enyangeni. Nokho, imibono ecatshangelwayo eyamenyezelwa ngaleso sikhathi yayingelona iqiniso ngokuphelele noma ingenazo izimpikiswano.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwethulwa kophenyo lwasemkhathini lokuqala lweSoviet Union ngonyaka we-1974, imiphumela emihle kakhulu ayizange itholakale. Noma kunjalo, kwabonakala inhlansi yethemba, njengoba, okungenani wakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi akusibo bonke ubuso obungenamanzi.
Impela lo mkhankaso weza neqiniso elikhuthazayo, noma ngabe liwubala. Ingxenye nje yeshumi yamaphesenti, ikwazile ukuthola ukuthi kukhona amanzi enyangeni. Le anecdote yayiyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthile okukhulu esikhathini esizayo okuzayo futhi kwaba njalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ohambweni lwasemkhathini olusha noluthuthukisiwe lwaqalwa enyangeni.
Akuwona kuphela ama-probe afanayo afakazele leli qiniso, kodwa ukubuka ngesibonakude lamanzi enyangeni. Ngalowo mqondo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa konke okwaziwayo mayelana nalezi zivivinyo.
I-Indian Mission, i-Chandrayaan-1
Ngo-Okthoba 2008, ifuna ukuqhubeka nokuphenya ukuthi kukhona amanzi enyangeni, i-Indian Space Research Agency yahola leli cala. Yibo abenza uphenyo lwe-Chandrayaan-1, olwaluhloselwe ukufunda indawo yenyanga. Kodwa-ke, akakaze abe yedwa emsebenzini, ethola usizo kuzo zombili i-NASA kanye ne-European Space Agency.
Yasebenza kwaze kwaba ngu-August wonyaka olandelayo, okwakungo-2009, lapho yagcina imile khona ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi esebenza, kuthayiphe indawo yenyanga ngezinhlangothi ezintathu, kuhlanganise nokuba khona kweqhwa kuwo.
Isathelayithi enembile yokubona inyanga, i-LCROSS
I-LCROSS isifinyezo segama lesathelayithi yokubuka inyanga enembe kakhulu eyakhiwe yi-NASA. Indawo eya kuyo yafinyelelwa ngo-Okthoba 2009, ngenhloso eyodwa nekhethekile yokunquma unomphela, ukuba khona kwamanzi. Nakuba ekuqaleni ukufika kwakunzima, yakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zenyanga.
Lokhu kubheja okuyingozi kweNASA, kufune ukucacisa ngokuphelele, ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwamanzi ezigxotsheni zenyanga. Uma umphumela omuhle kakhulu ufinyelelwe, kungaba isinyathelo esikhulu sokubuyela komuntu enyangeni esikhathini esizayo.
Futhi, ngempela, kwakunjalo, isathelayithi ikwazile ukuveza imininingwane engaphezu kuka-100kg wamanzi ezintweni ezihlaziywe kusukela enyangeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kwabonwa ingxenye yenyanga kuphela, kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi kungase kube namathani amanzi agciniwe.
I-SOFIA observatory kanye nokweseka kwayo ucwaningo
Egibele i-Boeing 747SP emangalisayo endizayo phezu komkhathi woMhlaba, i-SOFIA ikwazile ukubona ngeso lengqondo amanzi enyangeni. Ngokusebenzisa i-laser yayo enamandla noma i-infrared, kutholwe ukuthi ubukhona boketshezi olubalulekile, ikhona ngisho nasohlangothini olukhanyayo lwesathelayithi.
Umthombo: National Geographic
U-Okthoba 2020 kwaba usuku lapho lo msebenzi omangalisayo wobunjiniyela nesayensi yezinkanyezi wathola khona amanzi e-molecule enyangeni. Ngaleli thuluzi, ukubona kwakamuva kakhulu kokuba khona kwamanzi kusathelayithi kwahlanganiswa.
Manje njengoba sekunamanzi enyangeni... Kusho ukuthini esintwini?
- Nakuba ekhona amanzi enyangeni, ayikavezwa ukuthi ingaxhashazwa Noma kudliwe. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene luphakamisa ukuthi, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokugeleza kwamanzi, kungenzeka kakhulu.
- Ukuba khona koketshezi olubalulekile endaweni yenyanga kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukucabanga ngezinkambu zasemkhathini zesikhathi esizayo kwisathelayithi. Umphakathi wesayensi uze uphakamise ukuthi kungaba lula ukwethula i-rocket evela enyangeni kunokusuka eMhlabeni.
- Ngendlela efanayo, ngenxa yokuthi kunamanzi enyangeni, manje sesinolwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalolu ketshezi Emkhathini. Namuhla, kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kwakungeyona inqubo eyingqayizivele eMhlabeni, kodwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ze-cosmos.