Amaplanethi Ohlelo Lwelanga kanye Nezici Zawo

  • I-Solar System yakhiwe yiLanga, amaplanethi, amasathelayithi, ama-asteroids kanye nemizimba emincane.
  • Amaplanethi ahlukaniswe abe ingaphakathi (amadwala) nangaphandle (amagesi).
  • Amaplanethi amancane, njenge-Pluto, anemizila kodwa awayisusi imikhondo yawo.
  • I-Neptune ne-Uranus amaplanethi egesi anezici ezihlukile njengamazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Viaje al Cosmos

Imizuzu ye-9

Amaplanethi esimiso selanga yilawo alandela indlela e-elliptical ezungeze inkanyezi okuwukuphela kwayo esinayo, leyo esibizwa ngayo ngesimiso sethu seplanethi, iLanga. Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana namaplanethi esimiso selanga kanye nezici zawo, sikumema ukuba ufunde lesi sihloko.

Isimiso sonozungezilanga

Ibizwa ososayensi njengohlelo lwethu lweplanethi, futhi yenziwe ngamaplanethi, ama-asteroids nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini ezenza umnyakazo wokuhumusha uzungeze ilanga. Yonke imizimba eyakhayo inyakazisa ilanga ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi aphuma engxenyeni ngayinye yesimiso.

Sekunesikhathi eside kutholwa osonkanyezi ukuthi ziningi izinhlelo ezifanayo eMhlabeni, futhi ziningi ezitholakala mihla namalanga, kodwa le esihlongoza ukwenza uhlaka lwayo yi-solar system, ngoba yilapho iyatholakala.iplanethi yethu futhi sisezandleni zayo ukuze kube nokuphila emhlabeni wethu.

Sakhiwe kanjani iSolar System?

Esinye seziphetho zokuqala ezifinyelelwe ososayensi abahlola ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwelanga lwasungulwa kanjani ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwelanga lwaqala eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.600 eyedlule ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamandla adonsela phansi okuthinta ifu elikhulu lama-molecule. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwaholela ekudalweni kwezinkanyezi ezingenakubalwa—izigidigidi zezinkanyezi, inani lazo eliqondile elingaziwa. Enye yalezi zinkanyezi ilanga lethu.

Isimiso sonozungezilanga, njengoba sisazi, sakhiwe amaplanethi, kanye nezinye izindikimba esingazithola emkhathini, eziye zabizwa ngokuthi amaplanethi amancane, ama-planetoid, i-interstellar gas, i-stardust, amasathelayithi nama-asteroids. Konke lokhu okuyingxenye ye-Milky Way ebhapathiziwe neyaziwa kakhulu, yona, eyakhiwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zezinkanyezi.

Kanye nazo zonke izingxenye zalo, isimiso sonozungezilanga sitholakala kwenye yezingalo noma amagatsha e-Milky Way, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Orion.

Izici eziyinhloko

Izinto ezakha iSistimu Yelanga, ngokuyinhloko, yiLanga, ngoba limelela u-99% wento yonke ohlelweni lwethu, enobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayi-1.500.000. Bese sithola amaplanethi esistimu yelanga , ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: amaplanethi angaphakathi namaplanethi angaphandle.

Isici esivelele samaplanethi elanga angaphandle ukuthi azungezwe yindandatho noma i-halo. Singathola namaplanethi amafushane, ahlukaniswe ngendlela ehlukile kunamaplanethi elanga , futhi afaka phakathi izidalwa zasezulwini ezifana noPluto no-Eris.

Esinye isici esakha isimiso sonozungezilanga amasathelayithi. Zinokubaluleka okulinganiselwe, ngoba ziyizindikimba zasezulwini ezinkulu ezinobumo nemisebenzi ethile, ezifeza ukunyakaza kwazo kwe-orbital, hhayi ukuzungeza ilanga, kodwa ezizungeze iplanethi enkulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngeplanethi iJupiter, enezinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-60 ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene, noma njengoba kwenzeka ngeplanethi yethu, uMhlaba, onesathelayithi eyodwa, iNyanga.

Singathola futhi ukwakheka okuqinile okuncane kuneziphuphutheki esimisweni sonozungezilanga, lezi imizimba emincane, ehlanganiswe kulokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi ibhande le-asteroid, eliphakathi kweMars neJupiter.

Ekugcineni sizothola ama-asteroids, okuyizinto ezingaba nokuvumelana okuhluke kakhulu. Kungaba yiqhwa, igesi, uketshezi, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, uthuli lwe-cosmic kanye nama-meteoroids. Lesi sakamuva siqedela isamba sezinto ezidingekayo ukuze iSolar System izihlanganise yona kanjalo.

izigaba ezintathu

Ukuze basiqonde kangcono isimiso sonozungezilanga, ochwepheshe, ososayensi nezazi zezinkanyezi baye bakhetha ukwenza uhlaka lwezigaba ezintathu zeSolar System ezinikeza incazelo yokuthi lwakhiwa kanjani.

isigaba sokuqala

Kulesi sigaba kukhona amaplanethi angu-8 akha iSolar System. Amaplanethi ngokungangabazeki anokwakheka okuqinile yilawa: Umhlaba, iMars, iVenus, iMercury. Abizwa nangokuthi amaplanethi angaphakathi.

Bese siba namaplanethi angaphandle noma amakhulu: iNeptune, i-Uranus, iJupiter neSaturn. Ngaso lesi simo wonke amaplanethi anamasathelayithi awo enza imijikelezo ewazungezile.

isigaba sesibili

Yilapho sithola khona okuthiwa amaPlanethi ama-Dwarf . Iplanethi e-dwarf iyindikimba yasezulwini ejikeleza ilanga, inomumo oyindilinga, kodwa ayinawo ubuningi obanele bokuhamba ngokukhululeka eduze komjikelezo wayo. Yingakho ebizwa ngokuthi amaplanethi ama-dwarf. Amaplanethi ama-dwarf akha lesi sigaba sesibili yilawa: uCeres, u-Eris, u-Haumea, u-Pluto, no-Eris.

isigaba sesithathu

Isigaba sesithathu sadalelwa ukugcina lokho okuye kwabizwa ngemizimba emincane eSolar System, futhi lapha zonke izinto ezisele ezizungeza iLanga zihlanganiswa.Lawa ama-asteroid, avame ukuba nezimo ze-amorphous, izinto ezitholakala ebhandeni le-Kuiper, ama-meteoroids nama-ice comets.

Amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga

Njengoba sesixoxile kwezinye izingxenye zalesi sihloko, ngemva kweLanga, amaplanethi ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeSistimu yethu Yelanga, ngenxa yobunzima bokuhlelwa kwawo nokwakheka kwawo. Ukuze sinikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe, kulesi sigaba sizochaza iplanethi ngayinye ohlelweni lwelanga ngokuningiliziwe:

  1. K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha!

Siqala ngeMercury, ngoba iyiplanethi eseduze neLanga.Okunye izici zayo ukuthi iyiplanethi encane kunazo zonke eplanethini yelanga. Ukwakheka kwayo kuyafana nalokho Kwayo ngoba ama-70% ezakhi zawo ziyinsimbi kanti ama-30% asele angama-silicates. Olunye uphawu lweMercury ukuthi, njengenyanga, inenani elikhulu lemithelela ye-meteorite ebusweni bayo.

amaplanethi-solar-system-3

Ukusondela kweMercury eLangeni kwenza ijubane layo lokuzungeza liphakame kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani iMercury ukuzungeza iLanga? Impendulo ilingana nezinsuku ezingu-88 zoMhlaba. Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi usuku lude kangakanani kwiMercury, lude kakhulu ngoba lulingana nezinsuku ezingu-58,5 zoMhlaba. Ngakho-ke usuku kwiMercury lufushane cishe ngezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kunonyaka weMercury.

  1. Venus

IVenus iyiplanethi yesibili kuSolar System ngokwebanga ukusuka elangeni. Kuthiwa phakathi kwamaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga, iVenus ifana neplanethi engudade emhlabeni, ngoba ifana kakhulu, hhayi nje ngobukhulu nobukhulu, kodwa futhi ekubunjweni kwayo, ngoba kokubili kusemhlabeni futhi kunamatshe.

amaplanethi-solar-system-4

  1. Umhlaba

Umhlaba, okuyiplanethi yethu, nawo ungomkhulu kunawo wonke kwalawo okuthiwa amaplanethi anamatshe. Ngokocwaningo, umsuka wayo usukela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4600 edlule futhi igama layo livela ku-Latin terra, okwakuwunkulunkulu wamaGreki wobufazi nokuzala.

Isici esithile soMhlaba ukuthi u-71% wokwakheka kwawo use-hydrosphere (amanzi). Leli qiniso eliyisisekelo liye lavumela futhi lathanda ukuba khona nokuthuthuka kokuphila emhlabeni wethu. Ayikho enye iplanethi kuSolar System equkethe lelo zinga loketshezi.

amaplanethi-solar-system-5

  1. Mars

Isici sokuqala ukuthi i-Mars iyiplanethi yesibili encane kunazo zonke ku-Solar System, ngemva kweplanethi iMercury. Sekuyisikhathi eside ibizwa ngokuthi i-Red Planet, ngenxa yombala wayo obomvu obonakalayo, owathola ngenxa ye-iron oxide etholakala ezindaweni eziningi.

Maqondana noMhlaba, i-Mars icishe ibe yingxenye yobukhulu, kanti amandla ayo adonsela phansi angaphansi ngo-40%, izizathu ezenze i-NASA yaphetha ngokuthi iyiplanethi engakwazi ukusekela ukuphila.

  1. I-Jupiter

I-Jupiter , eqanjwe ngegama likayise wonkulunkulu ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ngobuningi ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga. Inkulu ngokuphindwe ka-1300 kunoMhlaba. Ingumzimba omkhulu owakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngamagesi, ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen ne-helium.

Esinye isici sale planethi emangalisayo ukuthi ibhekwa njengeplanethi yokuqala eyakheka ohlelweni lwelanga; kucatshangwa ukuthi yadalwa ngaphambi kweLanga. Lude kangakanani usuku kuJupiter ? Lufushane, luhlala cishe amahora angu-9 nemizuzu engu-56, yingakho ukujikeleza kwalo kushesha kangaka.

  1. Saturn

Udumo olukhulu lukaSaturn lunikezwa ukukhanya kwayo okungavamile, okuvela emasongweni noma kuma-halos ayizungezile. UGalileo Galilei waqala ukuyibona ngonyaka ka-1610. Amaphesenti angama-96 eSaturn akhiwe nge-hydrogen kanti ama-3% asele yi-helium.

  1. I-Uranus

Yaziwa njengeplanethi yokuqala eyatholwa ngesibonakude. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kufana neplanethi iSaturn neJupiter, njengoba yakhiwe i-hydrogen ne-helium, kodwa futhi inamanzi, i-ammonia ne-methane, nakuba ngamanani amakhulu. Umkhathi wayo ungomunye walawo anamazinga okushisa aphansi kunawo wonke eSolar System, afinyelela okungenani ku-224 degrees Celsius.

  1. Neptune

INeptune yatholwa ngu-Urbain Le Verrier, uJohn Couch noJohann Galle, ngonyaka ka-1847. Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando nezazi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu owakwazi ukuyibona okokuqala kwakunguGalileo Galilei ngonyaka ka-1612, nakuba lokhu kuqinisekisiwe. INeptune yakhiwe ngetshe elincibilikisiwe, i-methane, i-hydrogen, amanzi, i-helium, ne-ammonia ewuketshezi.


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