I-Los amaplanethi ohlelo lwamandla elanga yilabo abalandela indlela yabo eyi-elliptical ezungeze inkanyezi okuwukuphela kwayo esinayo futhi esikweleta ngayo igama lesimiso sethu seplanethi, iLanga, ngakho-ke, uma unokuthile okukukhathazayo noma imibuzo mayelana nomhlaba. amaplanethi ohlelo lwamandla elanga nezici zayo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko.
Isimiso sonozungezilanga
Ibizwa ososayensi njengohlelo lwethu lweplanethi, futhi yenziwe ngamaplanethi, ama-asteroids nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini ezenza umnyakazo wokuhumusha uzungeze ilanga. Yonke imizimba eyakhayo inyakazisa ilanga ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi aphuma engxenyeni ngayinye yesimiso.
Sekunesikhathi eside kutholwa osonkanyezi ukuthi ziningi izinhlelo ezifanayo eMhlabeni, futhi ziningi ezitholakala mihla namalanga, kodwa le esihlongoza ukwenza uhlaka lwayo yi-solar system, ngoba yilapho iyatholakala.iplanethi yethu futhi sisezandleni zayo ukuze kube nokuphila emhlabeni wethu.
Sakhiwe kanjani iSolar System?
Isiphetho sokuqala esifinyelelwe ososayensi abavela Sakheka kanjani isimiso sonozungezilanga? ukuthi isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga saba nemvelaphi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-4.600 edlule, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamandla adonsela phansi okuhlushwa ifu elikhulu lamangqamuzana. Ngenxa yalokhu kuphazamiseka, ukwakhiwa kwenani elingenakubalwa ezigidini zezinkanyezi kwenzeka, futhi akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi iyini inani. Enye yalezo zinkanyezi ilanga lethu.
Isimiso sonozungezilanga, njengoba sisazi, sakhiwe amaplanethi, kanye nezinye izindikimba esingazithola emkhathini, eziye zabizwa ngokuthi amaplanethi amancane, ama-planetoid, i-interstellar gas, i-stardust, amasathelayithi nama-asteroids. Konke lokhu okuyingxenye ye-Milky Way ebhapathiziwe neyaziwa kakhulu, yona, eyakhiwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zezinkanyezi.
Kanye nazo zonke izingxenye zalo, isimiso sonozungezilanga sitholakala kwenye yezingalo noma amagatsha e-Milky Way, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Orion.
Izici eziyinhloko
Izakhi ezakha i-Solar System, ikakhulukazi, iLanga, ngoba limelela u-99% wengqikithi yeqoqo lezinto ohlelweni lwethu, ngesilinganiso samakhilomitha angu-1.500.000. Bese sithola i amaplanethi ohlelo lwamandla elanga, ezihlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili, amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga izinto zangaphakathi kanye namaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga ingaphandle.
Isici esibalulekile se- amaplanethi elanga ingaphandle ukuthi zizungezwe indandatho noma halo. Singathola futhi amaplanethi amancane, atholakala kolunye uhlobo lokuhlukaniswa kuneplanethi yelanga., futhi ifake nezibalo zasezulwini ezifana no-Pluto noma u-Eris.
Esinye isici esakha isimiso sonozungezilanga amasathelayithi. Zinokubaluleka okulinganiselwe, ngoba ziyizindikimba zasezulwini ezinkulu ezinobumo nemisebenzi ethile, ezifeza ukunyakaza kwazo kwe-orbital, hhayi ukuzungeza ilanga, kodwa ezizungeze iplanethi enkulu, njengoba kwenzeka ngeplanethi iJupiter, enezinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-60 ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene, noma njengoba kwenzeka ngeplanethi yethu, uMhlaba, onesathelayithi eyodwa, iNyanga.
Singathola futhi ukwakheka okuqinile okuncane kuneziphuphutheki esimisweni sonozungezilanga, lezi imizimba emincane, ehlanganiswe kulokho okuye kwabizwa ngokuthi ibhande le-asteroid, eliphakathi kweMars neJupiter.
Ekugcineni sizothola ama-asteroids, okuyizinto ezingaba nokuvumelana okuhluke kakhulu. Kungaba yiqhwa, igesi, uketshezi, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, uthuli lwe-cosmic kanye nama-meteoroids. Lesi sakamuva siqedela isamba sezinto ezidingekayo ukuze iSolar System izihlanganise yona kanjalo.
izigaba ezintathu
Ukuze basiqonde kangcono isimiso sonozungezilanga, ochwepheshe, ososayensi nezazi zezinkanyezi baye bakhetha ukwenza uhlaka lwezigaba ezintathu zeSolar System ezinikeza incazelo yokuthi lwakhiwa kanjani.
isigaba sokuqala
Kulesi sigaba kukhona amaplanethi angu-8 akha iSolar System. Amaplanethi ngokungangabazeki anokwakheka okuqinile yilawa: Umhlaba, iMars, iVenus, iMercury. Abizwa nangokuthi amaplanethi angaphakathi.
Bese siba namaplanethi angaphandle noma amakhulu: iNeptune, i-Uranus, iJupiter neSaturn. Ngaso lesi simo wonke amaplanethi anamasathelayithi awo enza imijikelezo ewazungezile.
isigaba sesibili
Kulapho sizothola khona okuthiwa Amaplanethi amancane. Ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi indikimba yasezulwini ezungeza ilanga, enesimo esiyindilinga, kodwa esingenaso isisindo esanele sokukwazi ukuhamba eduze nendawo ezungeza kuyo. Yingakho bethola lelo gama. Amaplanethi amancane agcwalisa lesi sigaba sesibili yilawa: Ceres, Eris, Haumea, Pluto kanye no-Eris.
isigaba sesithathu
Isigaba sesithathu sadalelwa ukugcina lokho okuye kwabizwa ngemizimba emincane eSolar System, futhi lapha zonke izinto ezisele ezizungeza iLanga zihlanganiswa.Lawa ama-asteroid, avame ukuba nezimo ze-amorphous, izinto ezitholakala ebhandeni le-Kuiper, ama-meteoroids nama-ice comets.
Amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga
Njengoba sike saphawula kwezinye izingxenye zalesi sihloko, ngemva kwelanga elibalulekile, amaplanethi yiwo akha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yoHlelo lwethu Lwelanga, ngenxa yobunzima bokuhleleka nokubunjwa kwawo. Ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi olungcono, kule ngxenye sizochaza ngokuningiliziwe ngayinye yalezi amaplanethi wesistimu sonozungezilanga:
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K Es Es Escha! Escha Escha! Escha Escha! Escha!
Siqala ngeMercury, ngoba iyiplanethi eseduze neLanga.Okunye izici zayo ukuthi iyiplanethi encane kunazo zonke eplanethini yelanga. Ukwakheka kwayo kuyafana nalokho Kwayo ngoba ama-70% ezakhi zawo ziyinsimbi kanti ama-30% asele angama-silicates. Olunye uphawu lweMercury ukuthi, njengenyanga, inenani elikhulu lemithelela ye-meteorite ebusweni bayo.
Ukuba seduze kweMercury neLanga kwenza isivinini salo sokuhumusha sibe phezulu kakhulu, pho?Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani iMercury ukuzungeza iLanga? Impendulo ilingana nezinsuku ezingama-88 zomhlaba. Uma ufuna ukwaziLude kangakanani usuku kuMercury? Nokho, yinde ikakhulukazi ngoba ilingana nezinsuku ezingama-58,5 zomhlaba. Ngakho usuku lweMercury lucishe lube yizinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kunonyaka weMercury.
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Venus
IVenus iyiplanethi yesibili kuSolar System ngokwebanga ukusuka elangeni. Kuthiwa phakathi kwamaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga, iVenus ifana neplanethi engudade emhlabeni, ngoba ifana kakhulu, hhayi nje ngobukhulu nobukhulu, kodwa futhi ekubunjweni kwayo, ngoba kokubili kusemhlabeni futhi kunamatshe.
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Umhlaba
Umhlaba, okuyiplanethi yethu, nawo ungomkhulu kunawo wonke kwalawo okuthiwa amaplanethi anamatshe. Ngokocwaningo, umsuka wayo usukela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4600 edlule futhi igama layo livela ku-Latin terra, okwakuwunkulunkulu wamaGreki wobufazi nokuzala.
Isici esithile soMhlaba ukuthi u-71% wokwakheka kwawo use-hydrosphere (amanzi). Leli qiniso eliyisisekelo liye lavumela futhi lathanda ukuba khona nokuthuthuka kokuphila emhlabeni wethu. Ayikho enye iplanethi kuSolar System equkethe lelo zinga loketshezi.
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Mars
Isici sokuqala ukuthi i-Mars iyiplanethi yesibili encane kunazo zonke ku-Solar System, ngemva kweplanethi iMercury. Sekuyisikhathi eside ibizwa ngokuthi i-Red Planet, ngenxa yombala wayo obomvu obonakalayo, owathola ngenxa ye-iron oxide etholakala ezindaweni eziningi.
Maqondana noMhlaba, i-Mars icishe ibe yingxenye yobukhulu, kanti amandla ayo adonsela phansi angaphansi ngo-40%, izizathu ezenze i-NASA yaphetha ngokuthi iyiplanethi engakwazi ukusekela ukuphila.
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I-Jupiter
El Iplanethi Jupiter Ithola igama layo kuyise wonkulunkulu bezinganekwane zamaRoma, iplanethi enomthamo omkhulu kunabo bonke abayingxenye yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu ngokuphindwe ka-1300 kunoMhlaba. Iwumzimba omkhulu owakhiwe amagesi, ikakhulukazi i-hydrogen ne-helium.
Esinye isici sale planethi emangalisayo ukuthi ithathwa njengeplanethi yokuqala eyakhiwe ohlelweni lwelanga, kucatshangwa ukuthi yazalwa ngaphambi kweLanga. Lude kangakanani usuku ku-Jupiter? Ubude bayo bufushane, cishe amahora angu-9 nemizuzu engu-56, ngakho-ke ukunyakaza kwayo kokujikeleza kuyashesha kakhulu.
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Saturn
Udumo olukhulu lukaSaturn lunikezwa ukukhanya kwayo okungavamile, okuvela emasongweni noma kuma-halos ayizungezile. UGalileo Galilei waqala ukuyibona ngonyaka ka-1610. Amaphesenti angama-96 eSaturn akhiwe nge-hydrogen kanti ama-3% asele yi-helium.
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I-Uranus
Yaziwa njengeplanethi yokuqala eyatholwa ngesibonakude. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kufana neplanethi iSaturn neJupiter, njengoba yakhiwe i-hydrogen ne-helium, kodwa futhi inamanzi, i-ammonia ne-methane, nakuba ngamanani amakhulu. Umkhathi wayo ungomunye walawo anamazinga okushisa aphansi kunawo wonke eSolar System, afinyelela okungenani ku-224 degrees Celsius.
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Neptune
INeptune yatholwa ngu-Urbain Le Verrier, uJohn Couch noJohann Galle, ngonyaka ka-1847. Nakuba ezinye izazi-mlando nezazi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu owakwazi ukuyibona okokuqala kwakunguGalileo Galilei ngonyaka ka-1612, nakuba lokhu kuqinisekisiwe. INeptune yakhiwe ngetshe elincibilikisiwe, i-methane, i-hydrogen, amanzi, i-helium, ne-ammonia ewuketshezi.
