I-Terracotta Warriors noma iXian Warriors, begada umbusi wokuqala waseShayina futhi batholwa iqembu labalimi ngokunganaki. Kodwa... Ithini indaba yakho? Njengoba benjalo?
Ake sijule kancane emlandweni we ibutho elikhulu kunawo wonke ake atholakala ethuneni, emiselwe ukwenza umbusi wabo abe umbusi nangemva kokufa.
Ukutholwa kwe-Terracotta Warriors
Ngo 1974, abanye abalimi ababemba umthombo eduze kwedolobha elincane bathola enye yezinto ezinkulu ezitholwe ngemivubukulo yenkathi. Amakamelo amakhulu angaphansi komhlaba ayezungeza ithuna lombusi. Kwakunamasosha angaphezu kuka-8000 XNUMX e-terracotta, ibutho elikhulu elalibonakala lilungele ukulwa.
Lokhu kutholakala, nakuba kwakumangaza, empeleni kwase kungamakhulu eminyaka kubonakala, njengoba le ndawo igcwele iziphethu ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ukumba kuleyo ndawo kwakuhilela ukuthola izinsalela zobumba, amatshe noma amathayela ngezikhathi ezithile ukusuka ethuneni likaQin. Lokhu kutholwa kuthathwa njengokubalulekile ekuqondeni umlando we- Impucuko yaseShayina kanye nefa layo.
Umbusi wokuqala waseShayina
U-Ying Zheng, waqala ukubusa esifundazweni saseQin eneminyaka engu-13 ngo-246 BC. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wayezoba umbusi wokuqala waseShayina, ngemva kokuhlanganisa imibuso engu-7 lokho kwakulungisa Ukubusa kwakhe kwathatha iminyaka engama-36 futhi kwahlangana nentuthuko ehlukene njengezinhlamvu zamagama ezimisiwe noma ezihlanganisiwe zalo lonke elaseShayina. Kuphinde futhi okukweletwa kuye into edume kakhulu yaseChina: The Great Wall.
lombusi wayegxile ekushiyeni ifa nokukhunjulwa. Mhlawumbe lokhu kusitshela ngomuzwa onesiyaluyalu mayelana nokufa kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe wayichitha efuna izazi ze-alchem ​​futhi enza nohambo oluhlukahlukene, konke efuna i-elixir yokuphila okuphakade.
Ukwakhiwa kwethuna lombusi
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokubusa kwakhe, umbusi wayesevele wayala ukwakhiwa kwe-necropolis enkulu. ngaphansi komhlaba. Bekuzogcwala izinto zobuciko, izikhumbuzo, kodwa futhi bekuzoba nebutho. Konke lokhu kwakuzomphelezela ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa lapho ayezoqhubeka khona nokusebenzisa isikhundla sakhe sobukhosi.
Linjani ibutho lamaqhawe e-terracotta?
Leli butho lisamile, lilungele impi futhi lihlukaniswe laba yimigodi eminingana. Omunye wale migodi, i main, inendawo engamamitha angama-200 x 50 futhi ingaphezu kuka-7500 amaqhawe, amanye awo asazombiwa. A Umgodi wesibili unezinqola zempi ezingaphezu kuka-130 namahhashi angaphezu kuka-600. Umgodi wesithathu uhlala kuwo izikhulu eziphezulu eziphethe ukuqondisa ibutho. Kwatholakala ithuna lesine elingenalutho, okubonisa ukuthi cishe lo msebenzi wawushiywe ungaqedwanga lapho umbusi efa.
Nokho, akumelwe sicabange ukuthi kwakunaleli butho elikhulu kuphela ethuneni lombusi. Kwakukhona namakhamera anezibalo zabaculi, abasebenzi, izikhulu zikahulumeni, njll. Kanye nezilwane ezingavamile. Okukhomba isifiso sokuvelela ezinhlelweni zombusi ngokuphila kwangemva kokufa.
Lezi zibazi izithombe ze-terracotta, uhlobo lobumba olubomvu ngokunsundu. Kudingeka izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi kanye nabasebenzi abangaba ngu-700.000 ukuze bazakhe. Yiba usayizi wemvelo, cishe amafidi ayisithupha ubude. Kulo mongo, kuyathakazelisa ukusho ukuthi ezinye izimpucuko nazo zizinikele kanjani ekwakhiweni kwezikhumbuzo zokuphila kwangemva kokufa, njengoba kwenzeka ubuciko basendulo bamaGreki.
Imifanekiso yaba yenziwe ngezingcezu ezihlukahlukene ezazizohlanganiswa kamuva nokuthi babemele izingxenye zebutho lombusi. zenziwa ngokwezikhundla zabo futhi banezikhali ezahlukene kanye nemifaniswano. Ngamunye uqondene nawe izici ezahlukene, izinkulumo, izinwele, izintshebe namadevu.
babe ama-polychromes anemibala egqamile, nakuba lopende uwela ngokuchayeka emoyeni futhi uzoveza i-terracotta. Ngenxa ye-oxidation emoyeni, i-pigment ikhishwa ku-terracotta ngamahora angu-5 nje. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kwenziwa ucwaningo lwendlela ezovumela ukuba ilondolozwe imibala yokuqala, futhi kuze kube yilapho lokhu kufinyelelwa, ukumbiwa okwengeziwe kwamaqhawe asele ngeke kuqhubeke.
Lapho ithuna lenziwe futhi umbusi engcwatshiwe, ithuna alizange lihlale linjalo. Ngemva kokuwa kobukhosi bakwaQin, abalimi bawuphanga futhi bantshontsha izikhali eziningi ababeziphethe. ibutho le-terracotta
Ukulungiselela ukuphila kwangemva kokufa
yingzheng, Bekungeke kube nguye yedwa umuntu ozilungiselela ngobuqotho kangaka ukuphila kwangemva kokufa. Abashonile benkathi kaKofun eJapane bangcwatshwa ngezithombe eziqoshiwe zamahhashi nezindlu. Amathuna aseJaina Island ngasogwini lwaseMexico anezithombe zobumba.
Futhi-ke, impucuko edume kakhulu mayelana nokulungiselela impilo yakho yangemva kokufa: abaseGibhithe. Ukuze uhlole kabanzi mayelana nokuphila ngemva kokufa kwamanye amasiko, ungabheka isihloko esithi ubuciko base-Afrika.
Sincoma ukuthi ubheke isihloko esiku Ithuna likaTutankhamun: IGibhithe ethuneni lenkosi yomntwana.
Bakuphi njengamanje?
Lapho ithuna selitholakele, i-ci-omplex yamamnyuziyamu endaweni ngokwayo. Umhume omkhulu umboziwe futhi ungavakashelwa. Ucwaningo ngaleli thuna lusasebenza, okuyinkomba yentshisekelo yokuthola kabanzi mayelana ne umfanekiso wasendulo kanye nethonya lawo.
Ukuze siyibone kwakuzodingeka siye entabeni esendaweni enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Xian, esifundazweni saseShaanxi eChina.
Ukuze ufunde mayelana nokunye okutholwe ngabavubukuli, bheka ezinye izihloko ezikuwebhusayithi yethu futhi ungaphuthelwa yizindaba.