INyanga ingenye ye Amasathelayithi omhlaba, ehambisana nesathelayithi yemvelo; Lesi sigaba samasathelayithi sichazwa njenganoma iyiphi indikimba yasezulwini ezungeza iplanethi, cishe njalo enobukhulu obuncane futhi ehambisana neplanethi ekuhambeni kwayo. Lokhu kunyakaza kwenziwa amaplanethi, azungeze inkanyezi ayizungezayo, njengoba uMhlaba wenza ngeLanga. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokwakheka kwezindikimba ezihlukahlukene zasezulwini, ungacwaninga isayensi yezinkanyezi ehlobene nezici zayo.
Ngokungafani isathelayithi yemvelo, I-artificial yinto ezungeza uMhlaba, iNyanga kanye namanye amaplanethi. Le nto yenziwe umuntu ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Into ithathwa njengesathelayithi lapho isikhungo sesisindo sohlelo esakhiwe yimizimba emibili singaphakathi kwento eyinhloko.
INyanga inesisindo esingaba ngu-1/81, ithatha isisindo soMhlaba njengereferensi, ngakho-ke iNyanga noMhlaba kungathathwa njengohlelo oluhamba phambili lwamaplanethi, okungukuthi, amaplanethi amabili. amaplanethi ukuthi i-orbit ndawonye. Ngoba uma izinto ezimbili zinenqwaba efanayo, azisabonwa njengento eyinhloko kanye nesathelayithi futhi zichazwa njengesistimu kanambambili. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinhlelo, ungafunda mayelana ne izici zamaplanethi.
4 Umehluko Phakathi Kwamasathelayithi Omhlaba Wemvelo Nawokwenziwa
Umehluko 1: Inyanga, Isathelayithi Yemvelo Yomhlaba
Ilanga kuyinto egqame kakhulu esingayibona siseplanethini enguMhlaba, okuyisathelayithi yethu yemvelo okuwukuphela kwayo eyaziwayo. INyanga, enye yamaSathelayithi Omhlaba, imizuzwana yeLanga njengoba singakwazi ukubona ukukhanya kwalo okuvela eMhlabeni.
Kuthiwa ukwakheka kweNyanga kusolakala ukuthi kwaqala lapho into elingana ne iplanethi iMars washayisana noMhlaba eminyakeni yokuqala yokubunjwa kwawo. Impahla ekhishelwe emkhathini yangaphandle yahlangana noma ayizange iwele endaweni encane yoMhlaba, okubangela iNyanga yethu. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokutadisha izinkanyezi kanye nemvelaphi yazo kumongo we ukwakheka kwamaplanethi.
INyanga iyisathelayithi yesihlanu ngobukhulu esimiso sonozungezilanga. Nakuba kule satellite yemvelo akukho umkhathi, ucwaningo olwenziwa kuyo zithole imikhondo emincane yamagesi afana nalawa: I-Hydrogen, i-Helium, i-Argon, ne-Neon phezulu; okungase kubonise ukuthi kunezimpawu zomsebenzi wokwakheka komhlaba ngaphakathi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono indawo yeNyanga, ungahlola isayensi yezinkanyezi ehlobene nezici zayo.
Ungafunda futhi... ILANGA KANYE NEZIGABA EZISI-4 EZISEMQOKA ZOMJIKELO WENYANGA
Umehluko 2: Amasathelayithi Omhlaba Wokwenziwa
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuhlakani bomuntu kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nesayensi iplanethi eye yaba nayo yenze iNyanga yaba ukuphela kwesathelayithi ezungeza iplanethi yethu enguMhlaba, kunenani elikhulu kakhulu iziphuphutheki zokwenziwa futhi ezingahlukaniswa kwezemvelo. Lawa masathelayithi akhombisa intuthuko ku ubuchwepheshe bomkhathi namandla.
Izakhi ezethulwa futhi zifakwe ku-orbit zisetshenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukene. I-Earth's Satellites isivumela ukuthi sazi iphuzu eliqondile lapho ikuphi, izinhlelo ze-GPS, ithelevishini yesathelayithi, ukuze sikwazi ukukala izimo zezulu, ukuqoqa idatha yesayensi, nazo zisetshenziswa inhloli kanye izicelo zempi.
Umehluko 3: Amasathelayithi Azungeza Umhlaba
Konke Amasathelayithi omhlaba akhona aphonswe Kufanele babhaliswe ne-Space Surveillance Network (SSN), okuyisikhungo saseNyakatho Melika esinesibopho sokurekhoda inani lamasathelayithi azungeza Umhlaba kusukela ngo-1957. Kusobala ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngamasathelayithi okwenziwa, njengoba ngokungafani nalawa, alikho irekhodi noma inombolo ethile yamasathelayithi emvelo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le nethiwekhi, ungacwaninga isimo sezulu esishisayo kanye nomthelela waso emkhathini.
I-Space Surveillance Network irekhoda noma iyiphi into eyenziwe umuntu, enobukhulu obungaphezu kwamayintshi amane futhi izungeza Umhlaba. Kusukela i-SSN yaqala ukubhaliswa kwesathelayithi, inesibalo esingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nane namakhulu amahlanu izinto zobuciko ezizungezayo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezici zamaplanethi, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele ikhasi mayelana ne izici zamaplanethi wesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Eziningi zalezi zingene emzileni ongazinzile futhi zagcina sezihlakazeka futhi zahlukana lapho zingena kabusha emkhathini wethu. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ku- NASA Njengamanje kunamasathelayithi okwenziwa angaba ngu-XNUMX asebenzayo.
Amasathelayithi Omhlaba: Ukubhaliswa Nokulawula
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukulandelela inombolo namagama amasathelayithi okwenziwa azungeza iplanethi yethu. Futhi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina lezi iziphuphutheki ukugadwa, ngale ndlela izindlela zabo zokuzungeza kanye nama-trajectories zingakwazi ukubona umthelela ongaba khona phakathi kwazo noma ngokumelene neplanethi.
Ngo-1957, iSoviet Union yethula i-satellite yokuqala yokwenziwa yomhlaba, i- Sputnik 1, eyokuqala kwamaSathelayithi oMhlaba amaningi. Idivayisi yahlala ku-orbit yaze yahlakazeka ngoJanuwari 8, 1958, ngemva kokungena kabusha emkhathini woMhlaba. Isathelayithi yokuqala ithole ulwazi mayelana nenani lama-ion akhona ku-ionosphere. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko ekhasini elimayelana imithombo yamandla eyinhloko esetshenziswa emkhathini.
Ngemva kokuba iSoviet Union yethule isathelayithi yokuqala yokwenziwa komhlaba, i-United States of America kwadingeka ukuthi isheshise umsebenzi wayo wentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukuze ingasali emuva, yagxila ekuthuthukisweni nasekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. ubuchwepheshe obusha. Lokhu kubeka umjaho wasemkhathini endaweni ebalulekile yomlando okumele ucatshangelwe kuwo. iminikelo kaGalileo Galilei.
Ziningi intuthuko ezenziwe eminyakeni edlule. Okwamanje i ubuchwepheshe bendawo ithuthuke kakhulu. Manje kunamasathelayithi amaningi afakwa ku-orbit ngezinjongo zesayensi, ezohwebo nezempi. Inkokhelo yokuzungeza isathelayithi yehlile eminyakeni yakamuva.
Iqiniso lokuthi izindleko zokukhiqiza a i-artifact yesikhala ngezici zesathelayithi yehlile isuka ezigidini zezigidi iye ezigidini ezimbalwa ikhiqize ukuthi amazwe amaningi, ngisho nezinkampani ezizimele, zikwazi ukufinyelela ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamaSathelayithi oMhlaba.
Ungafunda futhi... i-astronomy eyisisekelo ekusondeza kulezi zihloko.
Umehluko 4: Abanikazi Bamasathelayithi Omhlaba
Umehluko ocacile phakathi kwakho kokubili amakilasi satellite wukuthi ezemvelo azinabanikazi, kanti ezokwenziwa zinabo. Nokho, kunzima ukwazi ukuthi zingawawaphi amazwe nokuthi zingaki zalezi ziphuphutheki ezisemkhathini, njengoba iziphuphutheki ezibhalisiwe futhi ezibalwe yisizwe ngasinye ezesayensi, ezesimo sezulu noma ezokuxhumana.
Noma kunjalo amasathelayithi we izinhloli Futhi amasathelayithi ezempi awabhalisiwe noma abalwa, ngoba amazwe amaningi awafuni ukuveza ukuthi mangaki alawa masathelayithi anawo emkhathini, nakuba ezinye izibalo zinikezwa futhi zibhekwa njengezisemthethweni. Noma kunjalo, singabuza mayelana venus iplanethi kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwayo nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini.
Izwe elinamasathelayithi amaningi yiRussia enezinto zasemkhathini ezingu-1.420 okuthunyelwe ku-orbit, kulandele i-United States ngawu-1.049 107, iJapan ngawu-98, iChina ngawu-42, iFrance ngawu-40, i-India 26, i-United Kingdom ngawu-25, iGermany ngawu-24 kanye neCanada ngawu-XNUMX.
Okunye uchungechunge lwe imibala njenge-Australia, iBrazil, i-Italy, i-Indonesia, iSweden, iSouth Korea, i-Saudi Arabia, i-Argentina, i-Spain, i-Mexico, i-Chile, i-Venezuela ne-Colombia ingaphansi kwe-10.
Okuningi mayelana namaSathelayithi Omhlaba
I-International Space Station (ISS) ingenkulu kunazo zonke kumasathelayithi oMhlaba azungeza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi sinakho ukuthi isathelayithi esineminyaka eminingi isebenza iyona I-Vanguard 1, eyethulwa emkhathini ngo-March 17, 1958. Lesi sathelayithi sakamuva futhi siyingqalabutho ekusebenziseni amandla elanga. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana I-Europa, enye i-satellite ebalulekile yesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Kukhona okuthiwa I-nano, i-micro noma i-piccosatellites, okungamasathelayithi amancane kakhulu, anokulinganisa ukusuka kumasentimitha angaba ngu-10 futhi anesisindo esingafika kumagremu angu-200. Ekuthuthukisweni kwalolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe obusha, kuhlongozwa ukuthi amasathelayithi enze izinto eziningi kakhulu.
Njengamanje basebenzela amaphrojekthi aholela ekwandiseni impilo ewusizo yesathelayithi ngayinye ethunyelwa emkhathini izindawo zokusebenzela zasemkhathini lapho zingakhandwa futhi zithuthukiswe ngenkathi ziku-orbit.
Kukhona umfelandawonye owenziwe yizinkampani ezi-4 zaseRussia, e-USA, eNorway nase-Ukraine ebizwa I-Sea Launch Co. LLC, enikezela ngokufaka ama-Satellites Of The Earth ohlakaniphile emzileni wezinjongo zokuthengisa futhi ukuthengiswa kwawo kungokwanoma ubani ongakwazi ukuyikhokhela.
Ungafunda futhi... Izingxenye Ezi-3 Ezibalulekile Zomkhathi Womhlaba Zigunyazwe I-NASA.
