Ngalesi sihloko uzokwazi ukuhlangabezana ne unkulunkulu apollo, omunye wonkulunkulu abakhulu bezinganekwane zamaGreki noyedwa wonkulunkulu bama-Olympian abanokubaluleka okukhulu kakhulu kubantu, njengoba kufakazelwa inani elikhulu lamathempeli akhiwe egameni lakhe.
Lisho ukuthini igama likankulunkulu u-Apollo?
Igama likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki libhalwe kanje elithi Ἀπόλλων ungomunye wonkulunkulu bakudala bale nganekwane kanye nokuba ngomunye wonkulunkulu bama-Olympic ababaluleke kakhulu kubantu.
Wayeyindodana kaZeus nonkulunkulu omncane okuthiwa uLeto. Kusukela kulokhu kuzalwa kwazalwa amawele, okunguNkulunkulu u-Apollo no-Arthemisi. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana onkulunkulu base-Olympus eGrisi lasendulo.
Unkulunkulu u-Apollo wayaziwa futhi kumaGreki ngokuthi u-Apollon noma u-Apellon. Mayelana nezinganekwane zamaRoma wayaziwa ngokuthi u-Apollo kanti abase-Etruscans babemazi ngokuthi u-Apulu noma u-Aplu.
Ngakho-ke, imvelaphi yegama layo ayaziwa, ngakho esinye sezazi zefilosofi okuthiwa uHesychius wase-Alexandria sihlobanisa igama lalo nkulunkulu negama elithi απελλα, elaziwa ngokuthi apella, elihunyushwa olimini lweSpanishi ngegama elithi Assembly.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo ungunkulunkulu wokuphila ezingeni lezombangazwe, ngaphezu kokubhekwa kwe-σηκος, okuhlobene nemihlambi, ngakho ungunkulunkulu wemihlambi.
Ngokomcabango kaPythagorean, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo usho oyedwa, kusukela lapho uPlutarch wathatha umqondo wokuhlobanisa amagama kaNkulunkulu nezinombolo, njengoba nje i-monad yayifaniswa nalo nkulunkulu.
Manje, i-apellai yigama elihlobene nesimo sasendulo salo nkulunkulu owaziwa ngokuthi u-Apaliunas kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, ngakho umphakathi wamaGreki wahlobanisa igama lakhe nesenzo esithi απολλυμι apollymi, esihlotshaniswa negama elithi ukubhujiswa.
Ngokufanayo, ezinganekwaneni zamaHurrian namaHeti, waziwa ngegama elithi Aplu Enlil, elihunyushwa ngokuthi iNdodana ka-Enlil, okuyisiqu esabekwa kunkulunkulu uNergali, owahlanganiswa negama elithi Shamash, owayengunkulunkulu we ubulungisa ezinganekwaneni.Mesopotamiya njengonkulunkulu welanga waseBhabhiloni.
Laqala kanjani ihlelo likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo?
Le mvelaphi kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki njengoba inguqulo yesiko lase-Etruscan yafinyelela esifundeni sase-Aegean phakathi neminyaka c. 1100 kanye no-800 BC kulokho okwaziwa ngeNkathi Yensimbi kusukela endaweni yase-Anatolia. Hhayi-ke, u-Homer uyibeka ngaphandle ngaphambili kweTrojan ngokumelene neqembu le-Achaean.
Kufakazelwa nangeNkathi Yokuqala Yethusi esukela ku-1700 kuya ku-1200 BC futhi maqondana ne-Aplu yesiko lamaHeti namaHurrian kuhlonzwa njenge-Apollo yaseHomer.
Ngaphezu kokuba unkulunkulu wezinhlupho ofana nonkulunkulu wamagundane u-Apollo Smintheus, wayephethe ukuqeda yonke into ethinta ukuphila komuntu.
Nokho, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wacelwa ukuba aqede lesi sifo ngaphezu kokubonisa imiphumela yokuphulukisa kuso, njengoba kwaphawulwa ekupheleni kweNkathi Yethusi lapho uPeán kukhulunywa ngaye encwadini kaHomer enesihloko esithi Iliad lapho aphulukisa khona amanxeba abanye. onkulunkulu abafana neHayidese ne-Ares.
Ngakho-ke, ababhali abaningi basebenzisa leli gama njengesichasiso esifanelekayo sezimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo kwesinye sezici zakhe kwezobuciko bokuphulukisa, kuyilapho uHomer efanekisela lobu nkulunkulu ngezingoma zakhe zokunqoba, nakuba uHesiod ewahlukanisa womabili la magama.
Nakuba izingoma bezisaculwa egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo bese kuba nabanye onkulunkulu basezinganekwaneni abanjengo-Asclepius, uDionysus noHelios ababehlobene nomlingiswa wethu oyinhloko kulesi sihloko.
Cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC kusobala ukuthi i-peán yaba uhlobo lokuncoma ngenhloso yokucela ukuvikelwa konkulunkulu ukuze bagweme amashwa emakhaya njengokugula noma ukufa, ngisho nokubonga ukuthi lezi zimpawu azizange Zafika kwezinye izindlu.
Ngakho, ngenxa yalezi zingoma, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wahlukaniswa njengonkulunkulu womculo, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wabulala inyoka enkulu iPython. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nenganekwane ka-Apollo noDaphne, ungavakashela lesi sixhumanisi: Inganekwane ka-Apollo noDaphne.
Okwakuthi igama lakhe lihlotshaniswe nezimpi kanjalo nokunqoba kanye nesiko lesiko lamaRoma lokuzwakalisa i-paean ngaphambi kokuqala impi namabutho akhe ngenkathi besemkhunjini lapho ukunqoba kutholwa.
Ngokufanayo, ukuxhumana phakathi kukaNkulunkulu u-Apollo kanye ne-oracle kuboniswa ngenhloso yokwazi ikusasa mayelana nesimo sesifo, kubuye kube unkulunkulu womculo.
Insimbi ayithanda kakhulu ihabhu kanti uma kuziwa kwezempilo, nayo iyingxenye yenkundla yakhe. Enye yamadodana akhe, u-Asclepius, yayingunkulunkulu wezokwelapha. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-Asclepius sikumema ukuthi uvakashele UNkulunkulu Asclepius.
Ngokuphathelene neminyuziyamu, yayiyingxenye yensalela yalo nkulunkulu wezinganekwane, njengoba iminyuziyamu yomculo, izinkondlo, umdanso, idrama, yaseshashalazini, isayensi yezinkanyezi nomlando kwakuyimpahla kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo.
Izindawo lapho kukhulekelwa khona unkulunkulu u-Apollo
Ngenxa yesithakazelo esikhulu sabantu kulo nkulunkulu wenganekwane, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayenezindawo ezimbili ezazibonakala kahle zokumkhulekela, njengezifunda zaseDelos naseDelphi.
Amahlelo ka-Apollo Cintio kanye no-Apollo Pitio nawo angabonwa ezindaweni ezihlukene ezingaba nezindawo ezingcwele kuzo zombili lezi zindawo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, okuhlanganisa namadolobha okudumisa lo nkulunkulu onegama lika-Apollonia ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zesizwe samaGreki.
Izindawo zokukhulekela zezwi egameni lalo nkulunkulu
Ngokuqondene nenkulumo ka-Apollo kaNkulunkulu evame kakhulu, ihambisana nedolobha laseDelphi, idolobha elikhulu elinezindonga ezinkulu nemithombo yamanzi ehlukahlukene, futhi yayinenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi ukuze izakhamuzi zijabulele, ingasaphathwa eyesibalo esikhulu samakamelo ngamanye.
Eyayikhona futhi yakhiwa amanye amadolobha okuqala futhi kuleyo ndawo ababonisi bashiya iminikelo yabo eyigugu, ikakhulukazi igolide elikhandiwe, ithusi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamatshe ayigugu.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo, yayingenye yezindawo ezingcwele ezazinokutheleka okuphezulu kwamakholwa ayehamba ngenhloso yokubonisana ngekusasa lawo eliseduze, ayekuzo ayevela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zensimu yamaGreki.
Ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezihlukene ze-Eastern Mediterranean, lapho esinye sezivakashi ezivelele kakhulu emlandweni kube ngu-Alexander Omkhulu.
Ukuba ngumbhuli owabikezela u-Alexander Omkhulu ukuthi uzothatha umhlaba, ngakho-ke, lesi sibikezelo asizange sehluleke ekubikezelweni esasinikeza ababonisi baso, kodwa nakuba sasinobuhle nobukhulu obukhulu, kwakukhona nezinye. amathempeli afana naleli elisedolobheni laseClaros edolobheni laseColophon.
Edolobheni laseBránquidas kubonakala elinye ithempeli elikhulu endaweni manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Asia Minor, kukhona nelase-Abas edolobheni laseFócida lapho uNkulunkulu u-Apollo athola khona isiphawulo esifanelekayo sika-Abeo futhi lalibaluleke kakhulu ngoba inkosi. UCroesus wabonisana kule ndawo engcwele ngekusasa lakhe.
Enye yezindawo zakhe ezingcwele nayo yatholakala edolobheni laseDidima futhi okufanayo ogwini lwase-Anatolian ikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSardes edolobheni laseLydia. Lapho, abapristi baphuza amanzi emthonjeni owazalelwa ethempelini elifanayo futhi bamnika ugqozi lokubikezela kwakhe.
Enye indawo engcwele iphakathi kwesizwe saseSiriya esaziwa ngokuthi ithempeli likankulunkulukazi waseSiriya. Ngaphakathi kwakunomfanekiso kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo onentshebe futhi egqoke ingubo, futhi ukubonisana kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nokunyakaza okwenziwe phambi kwalesi sithombe.
Manje, enye indlu engcwele enkulu enikezelwe kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo yayisedolobheni lase-Delos eduze kakhulu nechibi elingcwele okucatshangwa ukuthi kwakuyindawo lapho lo nkulunkulu azalelwa khona.
Futhi eKorinte kwakukhona enye i-Oracle futhi abantu babevela edolobheni laseTenea, kuthiwa yenziwa yiziboshwa ngesikhathi sokubhekana edolobheni laseTroy.
Elinye ithempeli elakhiwa abantu ngoNkulunkulu u-Apollo liseNtabeni iParnassus eduze nedolobha laseDelphi futhi ebusika isiprofetho sikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo sibonwa edolobheni lasePatara edolobheni laseLycia kwakukhona isiprofetho ngesikhathi sasebusika kowesifazane. inguqulo.
Kunenani elikhulu lamathempeli okudumisa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, njengoba kungabonakala ocwaningweni olwenziwa abacwaningi abazungeze lezi zifunda, njengeThebes, elinye lamathempeli amadala kakhulu akhiwa ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC, lapho iminikelo yayinikelwa khona. I-Apollo yase-Ismenian enesakhiwo se-curvilinear.
Ngekhulu lesikhombisa BC kukhona amasampula ethempeli laseDoric lapho kucatshangwa ukuthi imikhosi ehlobene ne-nymph Daphne yenziwa njalo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye ukuze ijabulise u-Ismenian Apollo oshiwo ngenhla futhi abahlanganyeli bale mikhosi bathwala amagatsha e-laurel emakhanda abo, bengcwele. umuthi kaDaphne.
Amaqabunga awo ayesetshenziswa unkulunkulu u-Apollo ngokwakhe kanye nesixuku sakhe sabantu ababemhlonipha nabo bawasebenzisa njengophawu lwenhlonipho.
Ngokuphathelene nomuntu wokuqala owahola udwendwe noma umcimbi, insizwa eyayimelela umpristi kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo yaqanjwa ngegama elithi Daphnephoros.
Edolobheni laseRoma kwakukhona nenye indawo engcwele eyayinikezelwe enguqulweni ye-Apollo Medicus eduze kakhulu nethempeli likankulunkulu okuthiwa uBellona.
Kukhona nobufakazi benye indawo engcwele enikezelwe kunkulunkulu u-Apollo Actius ngekhulu lesi-5 BC etholakala endaweni ephakeme yase-Actium endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi ugu lwase-Acamania, futhi elinye ithempeli lingabonakala edolobheni lase-Aetolia esifundeni saseTermon.
Esinye sezihluthulelo lo nkulunkulu okuthiwa u-Apollo Agieo aqanjwe ngaso njengoMvikeli wemigwaqo yedolobha lase-Arcadia, ikakhulukazi eMegalopolis naseFigalia.
Amanye amadolobha lapho kubhekwa khona izakhiwo zethempeli egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ase-Apollonia edolobheni lase-Epirus kanye nasesiqhingini sase-Ortygia esisedolobheni laseSirakuse endaweni manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iSicily.
Kanjalo naseKorinte, eDelos nasedolobheni laseDreros enye indawo engcwele yakhiwa egameni lakhe kwenezela indawo yokufaneleka yaseDelphinium etholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yedolobha laseKrethe cishe ngekhulu lesi-8 BC. Ngingakhohlwa indawo engcwele etholakala edolobheni lase-Utica enyakatho yeTunisia.
Ibonisa egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo
Kubhekwa emlandweni imikhosi eminingana eyayihlelwe egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, njengoba kwenzeka I-Boedromias okuhlobene negama lesiGrikhi elithi Βοηδρόμια wumkhosi ovamise ukuba senhloko-dolobha yase-Athens ngo-boedromion 07 ekhalendeni lesiGrikhi.
Wahlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wezempi ngokusebenzisa izibikezelo usizo lwakhe lwaluceliwe ngaphambi kwezingozi ezivelele zezimpi. Mayelana ne- Inyama Ngokwe-etymology yayo ngesiGreki, i-τὰ Καρνεῖα ingumkhosi wenkolo obaluleke kakhulu edolobheni laseSparta ngesikhathi sawo.
Ngisho namanye amadolobha anjengeDorias abhekiselwa ezinkomeni noma emihlambini, ayenesikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi ayeqhutshwa ngokuthwala isithombe sikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo esihlengeni esidabula lezo zindawo ukuze adambise intukuthelo yakhe.
Umpristi owayephethe imihlatshelo wayebizwa ngokuthi ama-Agetes, yingakho lo mkhosi waziwa nangokuthi i-Agetoria noma i-Agetorerion. Kulo mcimbi, kwakhethwa amadoda amahlanu angashadile ayengaphansi kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala.
Labo ababemelela isizwe ngasinye sezizwe zaseSparta futhi ababengabasizi bompristi omkhulu iminyaka emine ilandelana phakathi naleyonkathi yesikhathi kwakumelwe bahlale bengashadile.
Lolu hlobo lwemikhosi lwaluhambisana nomkhakha wezolimo lapho kwakwenziwa khona imijaho nokujaha lapho omunye wamadoda ephethe inqwaba yamaribhoni kwadingeka ukuthi afinyelelwe yilaba abane abasele uma kukhona okwazile ukufinyelela kuyo, isivuno esilandelayo. unyaka ungaba nezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Imiqhudelwano yezinsimbi zomculo ize yenziwa kule micimbi yezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye njengoba uNkulunkulu u-Apollo engunkulunkulu womculo futhi usuku lokugcina lwale mikhosi yezenkolo kufanele luhambisane nokukhazimula kwenyanga egcwele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibutho lesizwe saseSparta alikwazanga ukushiya le ndawo kuze kube yilapho imikhosi isiqediwe futhi ababusi babengakwazi ukwenza umkhankaso wezempi phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngoba kwakuyisikhathi sesivumelwano esingcwele.
Ngokulandisa kukaHerodode, lokhu kwenzeka kabili ezingxabanweni zeZimpi ZasePheresiya kusukela ngo-490 BC kuya ku-4499 AD.
Khona-ke imikhosi ifakazelwa ama-carpies okusaphenywa ngakho ukuze kunikezwe isiphetho esifingqiwe nesiningiliziwe nakuba kunemicimbi I-Daphnetoria Aziwa kakhulu njengoba enziwa amaBoeotians, okwakuyidolobha elalisemaphethelweni eGreece.
Umpristi walomkhosi wenkolo wayehlotshaniswa negama likaDaphnephorus, lomkhosi nawo wawuwukuhlonipha uNkulunkulu u-Apollo. Umphristi lo wayevunule kuhle kakhulu kwezembatho zakhe, ekhanda lakhe ethwele umqhele wegolide owubukhazikhazi.
Futhi ezinyaweni zakhe wayesebenzisa uhlobo lwezicathulo olubizwa ngokuthi i-ficratidi, ezandleni zakhe wayephethe isixha samagatsha omnqumo ahlotshiswe ngamagoda e-laurel okwakungumuthi ongcwele kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ngoba wawumelela i-nymph Daphne futhi iphelela embulungeni yethusi eyayifanekisela. elangeni.
Kule mbulunga yethusi kwaphuma enye encane ehambisana nenyanga nezinye ezincane ezifanekisela izinkanyezi, ngaphezu kwalokho, imiqhele engamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu yayizungeza lezi zimbulunga ezazimelela ukuzungeza kwelanga kwaminyaka yonke.
Lo mphristi walandelwa enye insizwa ephethe udondolo noma umkhonto ohlotshiswe ngemihlobiso yezimbali kanye nenqwaba yezintombi okwathi lapho ziculela uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, zaphatha izimbali ezinhle ezandleni zazo zibheke endlini engcwele yalo nkulunkulu owaziwa ngokuthi u-Apollo Ismenius.
Eminye imikhosi eyayiqhutshwa egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo yile I-Delias ezazigujwa minyaka yonke ngabase-Athene ngaphambi kobunkulunkulu buka-Apollo Delius.
I-Delos yayingesinye seziqhingi ezincane kunazo zonke ezitholakala oLwandle i-Aegean futhi umkhumbi wathunyelwa lapho lapho izakhamuzi ezihlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini ezaziwa ngegama elithi deliastas zaya khona.
Ngemuva kwesikebhe umqhele wezimbali we-laurel wabekwa umpristi kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ngokwakhe, ngaphezu kwabanye abapristi abane ababaziwa ngamagama alandelayo: Antigonis, Amonis, Paralis kanye nePlolemais ababethwala izinto ezibalulekile ukuze benze imihlatshelo esiqhingini esincane.
Umongameli walo mphakathi wayebizwa ngokuthi i-Architeorc, ama-deliaasts ayegqoka amagoda e-laurel emakhanda abo futhi lapho befika e-Delos babephethe iminikelo nemihlatshelo kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo. Lapho bebuyela ezweni, abantu base-Athene bamamukela ngokuthakasela nangezimangaliso ezihlukahlukene.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sohambo, azikho iziboshwa ezazivunyelwe ukubulawa ngoba isiqhingi saseDelos kwakufanele sihlale simsulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo ababegula kuleso siqhingi kwadingeka bathuthelwe esiqhingini esiseduze ukuze bafe noma abesifazane abakhulelwe babelethe abantwana. Ngoba kulesi siqhingi esingcwele umuntu wayengenakuzalelwa noma afe.
I-Hyacinthias ingenye yemikhosi yenkolo eyayigujwa eSparta futhi yaziwa ngegama lesiGreki elithi Ὑακίνθια Hyakínthia, eyayihlelwe edolobheni lase-Amiclas, idolobha lasendulo laseLacodia, elalihlelwa minyaka yonke phakathi kwezinyanga zikaMeyi noJuni.
Lo mkhosi wenkolo wawugujwa kuhlonishwa uHyacinth osemusha owayethandwa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo futhi wambulala ngephutha ngenkathi enza umncintiswano wokuphonsa i-discus futhi ethuneni lalesi sidalwa esithandekayo wenza imbali yeHyacinth iqhakaze, okuyisingathekiso sokuvuselelwa kabusha. wezitshalo nokukhulekelwa kuka-Adonis.
Le mikhosi izothatha izinsuku ezintathu futhi iqale ngosuku lokuqala olunikezelwe ekuzileleni ukushona kwensizwa ethandekayo. Akukho pean, eyayihlanganisa izingoma, nanoma yimaphi amadili ayenziwa; kwakudliwa isinkwa esilula kuphela futhi kunikelwa iminikelo kwabafileyo.
Mayelana nosuku lwesibili, lokhu kwakuphambene: kwabonakala umkhosi omkhulu edolobheni futhi kwezwakala izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zomculo, ngaphezu kwezingoma eziculwa kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo, ngaphezu kwemincintiswano evela emadolobheni ahlukahlukene eqhudelana ngemidanso nezingoma.
Nasedolobheni i-Amiclas bekunenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi kwenziwa imibukiso lapho nezinqola ezihlotshiswe yizinsizwa nezintombi zaseSparta.
Ngokuqondene nosuku lwesithathu, aluchazwa kahle, kodwa kubhekiselwa kulo njengosuku lwenhlonipho njengoba abesifazane babelukela uNkulunkulu u-Apollo ijazi, elifana ncamashí nalokho ababekwenza nabanye onkulunkulu, njengo-Athena edolobheni lase-Athene phakathi nemikhosi yamaPanathenaic.
Le mikhosi yenkolo yayibaluleke kakhulu e-Sparta, ngisho namasosha ahlehlisa ukuhlasela kwawo ukuze ajoyine lo mkhosi wenkolo avune uNkulunkulu u-Apollo. Ngokwesibonelo, uPausanias ulandisa ukuthi kwakuba nezinsuku zokuthula ukuze kube khona le mikhosi emikhulu.
Eminye imigubho ihlanganisa iMetageitnias, kodwa ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ngalo mcimbi. Kukhona futhi omunye umcimbi wenkolo owaziwa ngokuthi uPianepsias, owawugujwa minyaka yonke ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu u-Apollo edolobheni lase-Athens ngomhlaka-07 wenyanga yePianepsion, esikhathini sethu okwakuzoba inyanga ka-Okthoba.
Lo mkhosi uhumusha ngencazelo yesitshulu sikabhontshisi futhi uhambisana neminikelo eyenziwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okusanhlamvu okubilisiwe, kwenziwa ebhodweni njengomnikelo kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo, owayengunkulunkulu weLanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela wavumela ukudla ukuba kuvuthwe, futhi amaHora ayengunkulunkulukazi wokuhleleka emvelweni, enelungelo lokuvuna inkathi yasekwindla.
Kwaze kwakhulunywa ngomunye umnikelo onegama elithi Eiresione elisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi εἰρεσιώνη elalihlanganisa igatsha lomnqumo noma i-laurel eliboshwe ngoboya obudaywe baba nsomi noma obushiywe bumhlophe ukuze bubonise ubumsulwa bawo.
Eduze kwayo kwakubekwe izithelo ezivuthiwe zangaleso sikhathi, kanye namaqebelengwane ahlukahlukene, uju, amafutha newayini, ngenhloso yokubonga lo nkulunkulu wasenganekwaneni ngomusa owamukelwe.
UPythias ungomunye wemikhosi yenkolo egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, njengeTargelias, ebhalwe ngegama lesiGrikhi kanje θαργήλια, okungeminye yemikhosi emikhulu egameni lika-Apollo nodadewabo u-Arthemisi.
Ngenxa yosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, ulugubha phakathi kosuku lwesithupha nolwesikhombisa lwenyanga yeTargelion phakathi komhlaka-24 no-25 kaMeyi. Lo mkhosi uhlobene nemisebenzi yezolimo lapho umsebenzi wokubuyisana nokuhlanza ufakiwe ukuze abantu banikele ngolibo lomhlaba kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo.
Njengendlela yokubonga ukuvimbela ukushisa okukhulu ekonakaliseni isivuno noma, kunoma yikuphi, isifo esifika futhi sithinte abantu.
Lesi senzo sokuhlanjululwa senziwa ngaphambi kwenkonzo yokubonga, ngakho ngosuku lwesithupha kufanele kwenziwe umnikelo wezimvu wokudumisa uDemeter emzini wase-Acropolis.
Ngaphezu kwezingulube ezithile zamaMoirai, enye yemikhuba ebaluleke kakhulu ngalolu suku kwakuwukukhethwa kwamadoda amabili, enye yawo okwakumelwe ibe yimbi kakhulu eyayingatholakala.
Bobabili bayiswa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zedolobha futhi kwafakwa izintambo zamakhiwane ezintanyeni zabo futhi izingxenye zabo eziseduze zazibhaxabulwa noma zilinyazwe ngokugunda noma ngezinduku zamakhiwane.
Lapho befika ogwini, bakhandwa ngamatshe kwaze kwaba yilapho imizimba yabo ishaywa futhi ingaphili. Ngemva kwalokho, zazishiswa futhi umlotha wazo uphonswe olwandle noma emhlabathini ngenjongo yokuba umanyolo.
Ngakho-ke, imihlatshelo yabantu yamukelwa egameni likaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, njengoba kubonakala edolobheni laseLeucas, lapho isiboshwa sasinikelwa khona minyaka yonke futhi siphonswe olwandle sivela edwaleni.
Nakuba ukuwa kwakhe kuthiwa kwancipha ngenxa yezinyoni eziphilayo nezimpaphe zalezi zilwane zanamathela emzimbeni womuntu. Ngezansi kwakukhona imikhumbi emincane lapho ababemlindile khona baphinde bambambe ukuze bamyise emaphethelweni omuzi.
Kwenziwa nakwelinye idolobha elibizwa ngokuthi iMassilia lapho ngesinye isikhathi isifo nendlala kwakubhubhisa idolobha, esinye sezakhamuzi ezithobekile endaweni sazinikela ukuba sibe umnikelo, futhi unyaka wondliwa umphakathi.
Ngaphezu kokumgqokisa izembatho ezingcwele nokumqhuba ezungeza umuzi kuyilapho bethi ukuhlambalaza neziqalekiso kuye ukuba kamuva axoshwe ngaphandle kwemingcele yedolobha.
Mayelana nomkhosi wosuku lwesikhombisa, wabonakala ungasebenzi futhi ujabule njengoba inani elikhulu leminikelo yenzelwe uNkulunkulu u-Apollo namagatsha omnqumo asongwe ngoboya ayethwalwa yizingane.
Zabekwa eminyango yemizi njengoba zaziyizigqila zokuchuma nokuchichima ekuqaleni futhi kamuva zaba yingxenye yenkonzo yokujabulisa unkulunkulu wezinganekwane.
Ngisho nangale mikhosi yenkolo, ukuthathwa kwabantu abamukelwa kahle emiphakathini ye-geno ne-phratry kwakwenziwa, kanye nemincintiswano yamakwaya omculo lapho abantu abadala nabantwana babehlanganyela khona.
Izimfanelo Nezimpawu ezimele uNkulunkulu u-Apollo
UNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayenezimfanelo zakhe ezivame kakhulu umnsalo nomcibisholo, njengensimbi yomculo i-zither okwakuyinguqulo yesimanje yehabhu, ngaphezu kwe-plectrum nenkemba, kukhona ngisho nokukhuluma nge-tripod yomhlatshelo njengenye yezimpawu zakhe ngenhloso yokufanekisela amandla akhe amakhulu okuprofetha.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-laurel yayivame ukusetshenziswa emihlatshelweni ehlukahlukene yokukhokha, kanye nesici sokwenza umqhele wokunqoba emidlalweni ehlukahlukene eyayibanjwe efana kakhulu nemidlalo yama-Olympic eyayigujwa edolobheni laseDelphi.
Esinye sezitshalo ezakha ingxenye yezimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo yisihlahla sesundu, njengoba zazalelwa ngaphansi komthunzi womunye wazo esiqhingini saseDelos. Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezazingcwele kuye, kukhona izimpisi, izinyamazane izinyamazane, amahlengethwa, ama-cicadas ayefanekisela umculo omnandi kanye nedada eliculayo.
Kwakukhona noklebe, izinyoka ngenxa yokuchaza kwabo ukuthi ungunkulunkulu ohlobene nesiprofetho, igwababa elimpunga namagwababa.
Ezinye izilwane ezazimelela lo Nkulunkulu wenganekwane u-Apollo njengamagundane ngaphezu kwama-griffin ayeyizinganekwane ezixubile phakathi kokhozi nebhubesi lomsuka waseMpumalanga.
Esinye sezici zikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo sihambisana nekoloni ngenxa yomlando wayo omkhulu kakhulu ofakazelwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-750 kuya ku-550 BC ngoba ngokusho kwezinganekwane zamaGreki wayephethe ukusiza izifiki zaseKrethe nase-Arcadia ukuze bathole idolobha elikhulu lomlando laseTroy. .
Ezincwadini, lo nkulunkulu wezinganekwane umelela ukuhleleka, ukuvumelana nokucabanga. Okwakuqhathaniswa nalezo zikaDionysus, owayengunkulunkulu wewayini elalifanekisela injabulo nokuphazamiseka, ngakho-ke izichasiso ezilandelayo ezifanelekayo zibonakala ekufundweni kwalaba nkulunkulu, abafana no-Apollonian noDionysian.
Nakuba kwabakhileyo eGreece lezi zimfanelo zazidingeka ukuze bobabili onkulunkulu baphelelisane ekuphileni kwabantu.
Nokho, babebhekwa njengabazalwane futhi ngesikhathi lapho uNkulunkulu u-Apollo ehoxa kulokho okwakwaziwa ngokuthi i-Hyperborea, isisho saseDelphi sahlala sisezandleni zikaDionysus, njengoba kubonakala ngokomfanekiso evazini yaseBorghese.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo uthathwa njengomaphakathi wobuhle bamaGreki ngokuphathelene nokulinganisela futhi omelene nokuminza.
Izimfanelo zikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo kwezobuciko
Njengoba engumhlinzeki wezobuciko futhi ephelezelwa iminyuziyamu eyisishiyagalolunye, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wezobuciko eGreece, kuhlanganise namagatsha ahlukahlukene abonakala kulolu hlobo lomculo, njengomculo, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, umdanso, imidwebo, izinkondlo, phakathi kokunye.
KumaGreki, umculo wawuyingxenye eyisisekelo yezenzo zawo ezihlukahlukene, yingakho ukubaluleka kwawo kubonakala ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene kanye nemidwebo lapho inqwaba yezithombe ingabonakala idlala izinsimbi zabo zomculo.
Imibono yomculo eyenziwe ngekhulu lesibili BC ize yethulwa ngenxa yezifundo ezenziwa uPythagoras owaziwayo, okwazile ukuthola noma ukusungula amanothi omculo ayisikhombisa ngaphezu kocwaningo lwesikali.
Futhi amanye amagama aziwa njengamanje njengelesihlanu eliphelele kanye ne-octave, ngaphezu kwama-trilogies I-IV kanye no-V asetshenziswa njengamanje ezinhlotsheni zomculo ezihlukahlukene.
Mayelana nethiyetha, yavumela ukuchuma kwaleli gatsha ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo zamahlaya, idrama nezinhlekelele, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zeshashalazi ezintsha nezinkulu ukwenza le misebenzi emihle yokudumisa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo.
Unkulunkulu u-Apollo kwezobuciko ufanekiselwa insizwa engakabi nayo intshebe, muhle kakhulu, umelelwa ngensimbi yomculo ayithandayo, i-zither, kokunye ufanekiselwa umnsalo nomcibisholo noma kwezinye izindebe ubonakala ehlezi esihlahleni uDaphne amthandayo.
Esinye sezibonelo ezifanele zale misebenzi yobuciko sihambisana naleyo eyatholwa kabusha ngekhulu le-15, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Apollo Beldevere, okuwumfanekiso oqoshiwe wemabula futhi kusukela kumasiko eRenaissance kuya ekhulwini le-19 kwakuyisithombe esihle sabaseYurophu.
Ukuba ikhophi yesiGreki noma mhlawumbe yamaRoma yomfanekiso oqoshiwe owenziwa ngethusi ezandleni zomqophi omkhulu wamaGreki okuthiwa uLeochares phakathi neminyaka engu-350 no-325 BC.
Esinye isibonelo singabonakala ekumeleleni kukaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ku-mosaic eyatholwa emhlabathini waseRoma kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX edolobheni elaziwa ngokuthi i-El Djem lapho kungabonakala khona uNkulunkulu u-Apollo noma u-Apollo Hales.
Ngenxa yokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kokukhanya, nakuba enqunu, uzimboza ngengubo yakhe njengophawu lwesizotha esikweni lamaRoma.
Eminye imisebenzi yobuciko nayo itholakale ibhekisela kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo, futhi ene-halo futhi ezinweleni zakhe ama-curls egolide abonakala ekuphakameni kwentamo yakhe ngamehlo akhe amakhulu nezindebe zakhe ezivulekile kancane, ezazivame kakhulu ekhulwini lesi-3 BC.
U-Alexander Omkhulu omkhulu wayemelwe ngale ndlela efanayo, futhi ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka ambalwa babezosebenzisa le nqubo ukuze bamelele onkulunkulu bezimfundiso zamaKatolika.
Edolobheni elaziwa ngokuthi idolobha laseCretan iDreros, kwatholakala isifanekiso sikaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, esenziwe ngemodeli yokuqondisa izindawo ngenxa yethonya labantu bomdabu wasempumalanga njengeFenike ne-Asiriya kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-8 BC.
Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi i-sphyrelaton, ehlanganisa ukubethelwa kwamashidi ethusi ahlukahlukene enkabeni yokhuni enikeza isakhiwo, esizungeza cishe amasentimitha angama-80.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-pectorals ayevelele kakhulu, namuhla lesi sithombe sitholakala ku-Archaeological Museum yaseHeraklion.
Futhi kukhona izethulo ezimbili zobunkulunkulu bukaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, owaziwa ngokuthi u-Apollo wasePiombino kanti enye imelela i-Great Golden Apollo yaseLillebonne, yomibili imisebenzi igcinwe eMnyuziyamu waseLouvre.
UNkulunkulu u-Apollo njengophawu kubuciko beRenaissance
Izinkulungwane zemisebenzi yobuciko ebhekisela kunkulunkulu wasenganekwaneni kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo zibonakala emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kungaqokonyiswa emisebenzini eyalengiswa ngaphakathi kwezindlu zedolobha lasePompeii.
Njengoba nje emlandweni njengoba kwaphawulwa ngeRenaissance, ukumelwa kwawo kwabelwa amakhosi namanye amalungu ezikhulu ngokocwaningo lukaMaarten Van Heemskerck nabanye.
Kukhona ngisho negalari enikezelwe kule nganekwane yamaGreki eLouvre Museum, eyaklanywa umdwebi uCharles Le Brun. Ngemva kwalo mculi, i-Delacroix iqhubekile nokuyiphelelisa, iqedela le galari kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo Embusweni Wesibili.
Ngokunjalo, umsebenzi wobuciko kankulunkulu u-Apollo ungabonakala egumbini lesihlalo sobukhosi noma ehholo lalo nkulunkulu wasenganekwaneni eliseSigodlweni SaseVersailles, ngaphambili okwakuyindawo enikezelwe kumanxusa nalapho umculo nomdanso wawubanjelwa khona.
Enye indawo ekhombisa ubuhle obukhulu kule midwebo Izingadi zaseVersailles, lapho kungabonwa khona uNkulunkulu u-Apollo noma ilanga, ngaphezu kwechibi eliseduze kakhulu ne-Grand Canal futhi maphakathi nale ndawo enhle ungabona isithombe esimaphakathi sika-Apollo.
Eyaklanywa umdwebi uJean Baptiste Tuby lapho lo nkulunkulu ephuma emanzini eshayela inqola edonswa amahhashi amahle.
Okunye okubonakalayo esihlahleni izindawo zokugeza zika-Apollo, umsebenzi owenziwa ngekhulu le-18 lapho uNkulunkulu u-Apollo efanekiselwa khona njengokukhathala kancane ezungezwe ama-nymphs amahle.
Ungabona futhi umdwebo omuhle onesihloko esithi Apollo and Aurora kaGerard de Lairesse wango-1671, otholakala eMetropolitan Museum of Art eNew York City.
Mayelana nenganekwane yalo nkulunkulu
Emkhakheni wezincwadi, izinkomba eziphathelene nonkulunkulu u-Apollo zingabonakala kuHomer, njengoba asungula izincwadi zesiGreki futhi ukhonjwa njengalo nkulunkulu wezinganekwane emsebenzini wendawo yonke owaziwa ngokuthi i-Odyssey, ngaphezu kokuba omunye wonkulunkulu abadume kakhulu kuyi-Iliad.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungekho mibhalo ngaphambi kwalezi zincwadi ezinkulu, mayelana nekhulu lesi-7 BC, lahlanganiswa, ngakho-ke amaculo adumile akwaHomeric kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo athuthukiswa. U-Apollo wayevundile ngezimfanelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakunzima ukuhlela zonke izimfanelo zakhe.
Maqondana nokuzalwa kukaNkulunkulu u-Apollo
Ngokwendaba kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo. UmkaZeus, uHera, uthola ukuthi uLeto ukhulelwe ingane yomyeni wakhe, ngakho wenqabela noma iyiphi indawo ezweni noma esiqhingini ukuba avumele lo nkulunkulu ukuba azale ezindaweni zabo.
Ngakho uLeto kwadingeka azule esuka endaweni ethile eya kwenye efuna isiphephelo lapho ethola isiqhingi esintantayo esibizwa ngokuthi iDelos, ngakho kwakungesona isiqhingi sangempela noma izwekazi.
Lapho wakwazi ukuzala, lesi siqhingi esintantayo sasizungezwe inqwaba yamadada. Ngemva kokuzalwa, uZeus wavikela i-Delos phansi kolwandle futhi yangcweliswa kunkulunkulu kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo.
Enye indaba eyinganekwane isitshela ukuthi uHera wathumba unkulunkulukazi owayephethe ukubeletha, okuthiwa u-Ilithyia, ukuze avimbele uLeto osemusha ukuba angabelethi. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye onkulunkulu benza icebo lokukhohlisa uHera.
Ngakho-ke, banquma ukumnika umgexo omuhle ongaba amamitha ayisishiyagalombili ubude owenziwe ngenhlaka entanta ngokoqobo emanzini.
Mayelana nokuzalwa, indaba ithi u-Arthemisi wazalwa ngolunye usuku ekuseni futhi ngosizo lwakhe umfowabo, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, wazalwa. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, unkulunkulukazi u-Artemis wazalelwa esiqhingini sase-Ortigia futhi umntwana wasiza unina ukuba awele ulwandle futhi afike esiqhingini esintantayo saseDelos lapho u-Apollo azalelwa khona.
Ngakho-ke uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wazalwa ngosuku lwesi-7 ἡβδομαγενης waseTargelion ngokwesiko le-delian okusho ukuthi kwakusenyangeni ethi Bisio noma inyanga kaMeyi. Ngakho-ke, izinsuku eziphakathi kuka-7º kanye no-20º lapho inyanga entsha negcweleyo ibonakala esibhakabhakeni zingcweliswa kulo nkulunkulu wezinganekwane.
insimbi yakho yomculo
Indaba isitshela ukuthi uNkulunkulu uHermes wazalelwa eNtabeni iCylene, eyesibili ephakeme endaweni yedolobha lase-Arcadia, lapho kuchazwa khona kwelinye lamaculo akwaHomeric.
Njengoba indaba ihamba, lo nkulunkulu ubephethe amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene nohambo, ngaphezu kwamasela. Umama wakhe kwakunguMaia, owakhulelwa ngemva kokuthandana noZeus.
Inganekwane ithi uMaia walalisa uHermes omncane futhi lapho ebona ukuthi unina wayezumekile, wabaleka ekhaya. Wagijima waya edolobheni laseThessaly.
Lapho, weba izinkomo eziningi kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo owayelusa izinkomo zakhe lapho unkulunkulu engaboni. Usana lwazibekela isibopho sokufihla izinkomo ezimbalwa emhumeni oseduze kakhulu nedolobha lasePylos.
Njengoba beyingcweti, abancane uHermes bacisha imilobo yezinyawo ngaphakathi emhumeni, bathola ufudu, balubulala, bahlanza igobolondo nezibilini zalo ngosizo lwamathumbu enkomo ayeyibulele. Waqala ukwenza insimbi yomculo yokuqala eyaziwa ngokuthi ihabhu.
UNkulunkulu u-Apollo waya kuMaia wamtshela ukuthi indodana yakhe uHermes yayenzeni, kodwa usana lwabuyela ngokushesha embhedeni walo futhi lwazimboza ngezingubo zokulala sengathi lusalele futhi umama akazange awakholelwe amazwi ka-Apollo.
Khona-ke uZeus, uyise wabo bobabili onkulunkulu, waqinisekisa ubufakazi buka-Apollo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uHermes, umfana omncane ononya, waqala ukudlala ingoma emnandi kuhabhu ayeyiqambile.
Njengoba uNkulunkulu u-Apollo ephethe umculo, wamangazwa yileyo nsimbi, ngakho wavuma ukushintsha ingxenye yezinkomo zakhe ngaleyo nsimbi yomculo, waba umpetha ekudlaleni lezo zingoma.
I-Delphi yaqala kanjani?
Le ndaba isitshela ukuthi ezinsukwini ezine ngemva kokuzalwa kukaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, le nsizwa yayiphethe ukubulala inyoka kadrako enegama elithi Python, okwakuwuhlobo lwesilo esivela endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, ehlala eDelphi.
Eyamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba kusukela ngo-1987, eduze kakhulu nomthombo waseCastalia, okwakuyindawo engcwele lapho abahambi babezihlanza khona ngaphambi kokwenza iminikelo yabo.
Kuthiwa emlandweni wezinganekwane ukuthi kwakuphuma inkungu kulo mthombo okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili owavumela i-Oracle yaseDelphi ukuba yembule iziprofetho eyayizibikezele.
Ngokusho kwendaba, unkulunkulukazi uHera wathumela le nyoka enkulu ukuba iphishekele uLeto, unina wamawele, ukuze ambulale noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wancenga uHephaestus, uNkulunkulu woMlilo noMenzi, ukuba amenze umnsalo nemicibisholo. Ngemva kokuwathola, wahamba ukuyofeza umsebenzi wakhe, njengoba wavala lesi silo esikhulu emhumeni ongcwele waseDelphi futhi wasibulala, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu wajeziswa njengoba inyoka yayiyindodakazi kaGoddess Gaia owayenguMhlaba.
Unkulunkulukazi uHera wanquma ukuqhubeka necebo lakhe lokubulala uLeto, ngakho wathumela umdondoshiya uTityus, umlingiswa owayemelela inkanuko, ukuba enze lesi senzo; Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo zakhe zahlehliswa ngenxa kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo kanye nodadewabo u-Arthemisi oyiwele lakhe ngenhloso yokuvikela impilo kamama wakhe.
Kulokhu kungqubuzana, uZeus wabonakala futhi wasiza abazalwane abasha, ngakho waphonsa i-Tityus enkulu eThartharusi, kwalasha omkhulu endaweni engaphansi komhlaba. Waphinde wajeziswa ngokuthi kufanele aphathe itshe zonke izinsuku, futhi njalo ekuseni, amanqe ayedla isibindi sakhe ingunaphakade.
Izinselele zomculo uNkulunkulu u-Apollo abhekane nazo
Inganekwane yasenganekwaneni ilandisa ukuthi uPan, owayewunkulunkulu wabelusi nemihlambi yezinkomo ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki nasezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, wayaziwa ngegama likaFaun. Wake waba nesibindi sokuqhathanisa umculo wakhe omnandi nalowo owenziwe uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, aphonselwa inselelo ngawo.
Ngakho-ke, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wamukela inselele yekhono lezinsimbi zomculo futhi wakhetha unkulunkulu ogama lakhe linguTmolus, owayenguNkulunkulu Wentaba, njengonompempe walesi senzo esimangalisayo.
Owokuqala owaqala ukungqubuzana kwezomculo kwaba uPan, owazizwa ephakeme ngomtshingo wakhe ophindwe kabili kanye nomculo we-rustic, kanti iNkosi uMidas, owayekhona kulo mdlalo womculo, wacabanga ukuthi ingoma kaPan yayimnandi.
Khona-ke uNkulunkulu u-Apollo waqala ukudlala amanothi amnandi ensimbi yakhe yomculo, ihabhu, ngakho u-Tmolus ngokwakhe, owayengunompempe, wanquma ukuthi umnqobi wayengu-Apollo omkhulu, njengoba kwenza bonke abahlanganyeli ababekhona kulokhu kungqubuzana, ngaphandle kweNkosi uMidas, owayengavumelani nesinqumo.
Ngakho-ke uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wamnika ipheya yezindlebe zembongolo ukuze afane nokunambitheka komculo kweNkosi uMidas, yingakho indaba yomgundi wezinwele okunguye yedwa owayazi ngokuba khona kwalezi zindlebe ezingavamile.
Wamemeza imfihlo emgodini owawumba yena ngokwakhe wabe esewuvala, kodwa ngokushesha kwamila izitshalo okwathi lapho zinyakaziswa umoya, zaveza lokho okushiwo izindlebe zembongolo.
Enye yama-duels enganekwane engalandiswa emlandweni kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo ibhekiselwa kuMarsyas, owayengumbusi owayephelezela uPan noDionysus, owaba nesibindi sokuphonsela inselelo unkulunkulu wethu ongumlingiswa oyinhloko wale ndatshana emqhudelwaneni womculo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lo mbhangqwana uthole umtshingo onamashubhu amabili aziwa ngegama elithi aulos. Eyayijikijelwa phansi ngunkulunkulukazi u-Athena owamjikijela ngokuthi insimbi yomculo ayeyiqambile yayivuvukalisa izihlathi.
Lo mqhudelwano womculo wahlulelwa amamuse, ngemuva kokuthi ngamunye wabaqhudelana ababili edlale insimbi yabo yomculo, futhi bathathwa njengabasondelene kakhulu ngenxa yekhono nekhono labo. Kodwa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wanquma ukuthi ukuze baqhubeke nokungqubuzana komculo, kwakudingeka bacule ngenkathi bedlala insimbi yabo kulesi senzakalo sesibili. Kunkulunkulu wethu wasenganekwaneni, le nselele yayilula kakhulu.
Ngoba ngokudlala ihabhu wayekwazi ukudlala ingoma emnandi ngezwi lakhe, kuyilapho kuMarsyas inselele yayinzima kakhulu, njengoba i-aulos iyinsimbi yomoya. Inganekwane ithi uMarsyas wehlulwe kulo mqhudelwano wesibili womculo, owanqotshwa unkulunkulu u-Apollo ngenxa yokuziqhenya kwakhe ngokweqile emgedeni oseduze kwedolobha laseCalaenae.
Edolobheni laseFrigiya wagundwa ephila ngenxa yesibindi sokubekela unkulunkulu inselele futhi igazi elaligobhoza emzimbeni wakhe labangela umfula iMarsyas. Kukhona enye inguqulo ethi uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wanquma ukudlala insimbi yakhe ebheke phansi, kodwa uMarsyas akakwazanga ukukwenza, ngakho wamkhipha isikhumba ngokumlengisa esihlahleni. Kuthiwa uke wahilizisana nenye yamadodana akhe uCinyiras, yazibulala ngemuva kokuba uyise ewine impi.
Mayelana neMpi YeThrojani
Kuthiwa emlandweni wezinganekwane ukuthi uZeus omkhulu wacela ngayinye yamadodana akhe ukuba ingahlanganyeli eMpini YeThrojani, ngamunye wabo weqa umyalo kababa futhi wahlanganyela ezinhlangothini zombili zokulwa. Ohlangothini lweThrojani kwakukhona uNkulunkulu u-Apollo no-Aphrodite, abaqinisekisa u-Ares ukuba ahlanganyele ohlangothini lwabo futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukhona amadodana amabili kankulunkulu wezinganekwane u-Apollo, amagama abo kwakunguHector noTroilus.
Ngokwendaba eshiwo kuyi- Iliad, unkulunkulu u-Apollo wavuma ukugxambukela ngoba u-Agamemnon, umfowabo kaMenelaus, wathuka uChryses, owayengummeleli wompristi ka-Apollo ngokwakhe, futhi indodakazi yakhe uChryseis yathunjwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, wahoxa ukuze akhale emhumeni, kodwa ekhala izinyembezi wacela usizo ku-Apollo ngesimo sendodakazi yakhe.
Unkulunkulu u-Apollo wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokugcwalisa ikamu le-Achaean ngenani elikhulu lemicibisholo enobuthi ukuze afune ukukhululwa kwendodakazi encane yompristi, ama-Achaeans avumelana nayo, okwenza u-Achilles aqhume ngokuthukuthela.
Ngakho uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wasiza uParis ukuba abulale unkulunkulu wasenganekwaneni ka-Achilles, ethumela umcibisholo kwesokudla esithendeni salo okwakuwukuphela kobuthakathaka bakhe, lokhu ngenxa yokunengeka kwama-Achilles amakhulu okubulala amadodana ka-Apollo, Troilus noHector.
AmaNymphs noma amaMuses kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo
Ngokuphathelene nalawa ma-nymphs noma ama-muses ngesiGreek aziwa ngegama elithi μοῦσαι yizikhuthazo zobuciko obuhlukahlukene obukhona emhlabeni.
Ngaphezu kolwazi, bonke babengamadodakazi kaZeyusi futhi bonke bengabohlanga lukaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, lowo, ekuqaleni, owayenguNkulunkulu womculo futhi ephethe ubuciko obuhle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyabonakala ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki ukuthi uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayenezindaba nomunye wabo, yingakho inzalo yakhe yayibanzi kakhulu. Laba onkulunkulu bezobuciko babenomthwalo wemfanelo wokwehlela eMhlabeni futhi bakhuthaze abantu abacela ngamazwi noma imithandazo yabo.
Emlandweni kuyaphawulwa ukuthi phakathi nekhulu lesi-7 nelesi-8 BC kuso sonke isifunda saseHellas amaMuse ayisishiyagalolunye ayekhulekelwa; amagama alaba nkulunkulu abahle kwakunguClio, Calliope, Euterpe, Erato, Polyhymnia, Melpomene, Thalia, Urania kanye noTerpsichore.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi igama elithi umculo lisuka egameni elithi muse futhi bebenentshisekelo ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuciko eGreece Yasendulo njengoba kuphawulwe emlandweni.
Ngokuphathelene nabathandi abaningi, ama-consorts kanye nenzalo yabo enkulu
Ngokwezinganekwane ezihlukahlukene nezindaba eziye zacwaningwa ngalesi sihloko, njengoba kungabonakala emithonjeni yasendulo, njengo-Apollonius waseRhodes, uPausanias, uPliny Omdala, noPindar, unkulunkulu u-Apollo wazala cishe izingane eziyikhulu, ngakho uhlu lozalo lwakhe lukhulu kakhulu.
Ngenxa yothando lwakhe olungenakubalwa, amagama alaba besifazane abasha abawela ngaphansi kothando lwakhe angagqanyiswa okwamanje.
Enye yezintokazi zokuqala kwakuthiwa u-Acakalis, inyozi, futhi kulolu thando kwazalwa izingane ezine, okuthiwa u-Amphitemis, uNaxos, uFilácides, uFilandro, nentombazane okuthiwa uFilasis, abamunywa imbuzi.
Bese kuba no-Aganipe osemusha, ovela kulolu thando lwazalwa uChios. Enye yalezi zintokazi ngu-Anchiale, unina ka-Oaxes, ngaphezu kuka-Areia, nale ntokazi wayenendodana egama layo linguMilethu.
Omunye wabesifazane ayenezindaba zothando u-Arsinoe, indodakazi kaPhegeus inkosi yasePsophis, owayengunina ka-Asclepius, owayengunkulunkulu kwezokwelapha emphakathini wamaGreki kanye no-Eriopis. Njenge-Asticoma, enye inzalo okuthiwa u-Eumolpus yazalwa kuye.
Kulolu hlu kukhona no-Babiló, owayengunina ka-Arabus. Omunye weminyuziyamu ogama lakhe linguCalliope kwakuyimnyuziyamu wezinkondlo nobugagu, wazala u-Orpheus, u-Ialemo noLinus. NgoCelena wazala uDelphi.
Ngokuqondene neChrysortea encane, kulobu buhlobo kwazalwa uCoronis, owaba yinkosi yaseSicyon, futhi ngokufanayo noChrysothemis kusukela kulobu buhlobo wazalwa uParthenos. UCoricia, unina kaLicoro owamnika igama edolobheni laseLicorera.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kanye noCreusa osemusha, owayengumkaLuto nendodakazi ka-Erechtheus, owayeyinkosi yokuqala yase-Athene, kwazalwa indodana okuthiwa u-Ion. Le ngane yashiywa unina ehlathini, ngakho u-Apollo wacela uHermes ukuba asindise umntwana futhi amyise endlini yezintshumayelo yaseDelphi, lapho ingane yakhuliswa khona omunye wabefundisikazi.
Enye intokazi okuthiwa uCyrene, owayengumzingeli futhi kamuva igama layo lanikezwa idolobha, izinsizwa ezintathu zazalwa kulobu buhlobo, amagama azo kwakungu-Aristeo, u-Idmón no-Autuquio.
Ngokuphathelene no-Aristaeus, kamuva waba unkulunkulu wezinkomo nezihlahla zezithelo, ngaphandle kokukudebeselela ukuzingela, ezolimo kanye nokufuywa kwezinyosi, efundisa abantu amasu okulima imfuyo nokusetshenziswa kwezicupho ekuzingeleni, ngisho nokubafundisa ukutshala izihlahla zomnqumo.
NgoDanais osemusha, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wazala amaCurete, angonkulunkulu abayisishiyagalolunye, kanye noDias omncane, kwazalwa indodana okuthiwa uDryopes owayengumholi wesizwe samaPhocis. NjengoDrope osemusha, okuwukuphela kwendodakazi yeNkosi enegama elifanayo, kusukela kulobu buhlobo kwazalwa u-Amphissus, kamuva owaba umsunguli wedolobha okuthiwa i-Amphissa.
Kukhulunywa ngo-Eftia osemncane, alala naye futhi anezingane ezintathu, amagama azo kunguLorus, uLeodocus noPolypetes. Umnyuziyamu u-Eratos wayephethe izinkondlo zothando, njengoba impande yakhe eka-Eros, futhi kulobu buhlobo kwazalwa indodana yakhe uThamyris. Futhi no-Estilbe omncane bazalwa amadodana amathathu, amagama abo kungu-Aenus, uCentaurus noLapites.
Omunye wabesifazane abasha kwakungu-Aethusa, indodakazi kaPoseidon, futhi kulobu buhlobo u-Eleuter wazalwa. Wayekanye nodadewabo ka-Etusa, u-Evadne, owayengunina kaYamo.
Ngo-Euboea wazala u-Argeus. Wayekanye ne-Titaness okuthiwa u-Hecate, owazala inyonu enhle okuthiwa u-Scylla, okuvela kuyo igama lesiQhingi.
Enye yezintombi alala nazo kwakunguHecuba, iNdlovukazi yaseTroy, futhi kulolu thando kwazalwa amadodana amabili ayengamaqhawe eMpi YeThrojani, uTroilus noHector.
Ngokusho kwesiprofetho se-oracle, kwathiwa uTroy wayengeke ahlulwe uma nje uTroilus efinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili ubudala, kodwa ngenxa yokuqamekela ulahlekelwa ukuphila kwakhe futhi efa ezandleni zika-Achilles, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufa uTroy uyawa.
U-Hypermnestra, omdala wamadodakazi angamashumi amahlanu kaDanaus, naye wawela ngaphansi kwesipelingi sakhe, futhi kusukela kulolo thando u-Amphiarus wazalwa. U-Lycia osemusha wayengunina ka-Eucadius noPatarus.
Futhi endabeni yasenganekwaneni kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo umbonisi uManto, naye ayethandana naye futhi kusukela kulobo buhlobo uMopsos wazalwa. Enye intokazi okuthiwa uHiria yayingumama wendodakazi okuthiwa uCicno. Futhi wayenoLeuconoe, indodakazi kaNeptune, ogama lakhe lisho Ingqondo Emhlophe. Kulobu budlelwane, uFilamoni wazalwa.
Waze waba nenzalo noMelia, enye yezilwane zaseMeliad, indodakazi ka-Uranus, izingane zakhe kungu-Ismenus noTenerus. Kukhona futhi enye inyonsi okuthiwa u-Othreis, owake wathandana noZeus noNkulunkulu u-Apollo futhi kuye kwazalwa uPhagerus, wabe esethandana noParmesia futhi kulobo buhlobo kwazalwa uCinea.
Obunye ubudlelwano bakhe kwakuyisiren yasenganekwaneni ebizwa ngokuthi iParthenope, eyaqanjwa igama ledolobha futhi njengamanje kuleso sifunda yiNaples. Kusukela kulobu buhlobo kwazalwa uLycomedes, owayeyinkosi yaseScyros.
Wayephinde abe ngumthandi kaProclia, indodakazi kaLaomedon, inkosi yaseTroy, futhi kulobu buhlobo kwazalwa indodana okuthiwa uTenes. U-Psamatheus, indodakazi kaCrotopus, wayeyi-nymph yaseNereid kamuva eyashada nomuntu ofayo, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho waba nendodana noNkulunkulu u-Apollo ogama lakhe linguLinus.
Okunye okutholakala kulezi zenzakalo yi-Chione encane, indodakazi kaDaedalion, owathi ngokusho kwenganekwane wayengowesifazane omuhle kakhulu, ngakho onkulunkulu, u-Apollo noHermesi, lapho bembona, bamfisa.
Unkulunkulu u-Apollo walinda kwaze kwaba sebusuku ukuze amthathe azifihle njengesalukazi, kuyilapho uHermes ekhathazeke kakhulu kangangokuthi wamlalisa ngaphambili futhi wamphatha ngesikhathi elele, kangangokuthi owesifazane osemusha wakhulelwa bobabili, indodana kaHermes okuthiwa u-Autolycus nendodana ka-Apollo, uPhilamon.
Lona wesifazane osemusha wayemuhle kangangokuthi waze waba nesibindi sokudelela unkulunkulukazi u-Arthemisi, ngakho unkulunkulu wambhoboza ulimi lwakhe ngomcibisholo oqondile.
Kuthiwa emlandweni ukuthi uRhoeo osemusha, owayesengumama kaJason kakade futhi enendodana okuthiwa u-Anyo enonkulunkulu u-Apollo, kamuva owayezoba umpristi walo nkulunkulu wasenganekwaneni, naye wawela ngenxa yezintelezi zakhe. Enye yezintombi okuthiwa iRhodesia kwakungunina kaCeos, okwakuzoba igama lesiqhingi kamuva.
Kanye noRhodope osemncane wazalwa uCicon, owayezonikeza igama lakhe esizweni asiholayo, kanye noSilis, i-nymph, owayengunina kaZeuxippus owaba yinkosi yaseSicyon kanye noSinope, indodakazi ka-Ares.
Lowo uNkulunkulu u-Apollo amthumba, ngokuvumelana nethonya lika-Aphrodite no-Eros, wazala indodana egama layo linguSirius, igama layo lizala isizwe saseSiriya.
Umnyuzi uThalia wayengomunye weminyuziyamu emibili yaseshashalazini futhi wavumela ugqozi lwamahlaya, wayephethe ngisho nezinkondlo zomfundisi, wayeyindodakazi kaZeus noMnemosyne. Kusukela ebudlelwaneni babo kwazalwa amaCoribantes, ababengabadansi abahle kakhulu futhi begqoke izigqoko emakhanda abo ngaphezu kokudlala isigubhu.
Enye intokazi eyayinoNkulunkulu u-Apollo kwakunguThemisto, unina kaGalleys noTelmeso. I-Terpsichore ingenye yama-muses, lowo owaphefumulela ukudansa nezinkondlo ezilula, wayengunina kaLinus. UThera wayengunina kaCheron. UTuya wayeyindodakazi kaDeucalion futhi wayengunina wamadodana amabili kaZeus futhi no-Apollo bazala uDelphi.
U-Urania wayengumncane kunabo bonke kuma-muses futhi wayephethe isayensi yezinkanyezi nezinkanyezi, wayengumama kaLinus, kuyilapho u-Urea engudadewabo kaPoseidon futhi kulobu buhlobo uLleo wazalwa.
Kukhona ngisho nezinye izingane enzalweni kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo, kodwa omama bazo abaziwa, laba abalandelayo ngu-Acraepho, ogama lakhe lazala idolobha lase-Acrephi.
Ezinye izingane kwakungu-Erymanthus, uCinyras, uPhemonoe, uMarathus, kule ndodana kuvela igama elithi Marathon, Karicio, Megaro, Oncio, Menelaus, Piso, owayengumsunguli wedolobha lasePisa, iTrofonia, ngaphezu kwamadodakazi amathathu amahle eminyuziyamu okuthiwa uCephisus, Boristhenis no-Apollonis.
Bakhona abanye besifazane abahle ayethandana nabo, kodwa nabo kwakungekho nzalo, okungokulandelayo: U-Acanta, okwathi ngemva kokufa kwakhe waguqulwa waba isihlahla se-Acanthus, esithanda ilanga. U-Alciope, u-Ampisa, indodakazi kaMacareus negama lakhe kwadala idolobha. I-Bolina, i-nymph.
UCalypso, indodakazi ye-Titan Atlas; Ngemva kokuba i-Titanomachy yenzekile, ama-Titans amakhulu anqotshwa onkulunkulu base-Olympian, ngakho agwebela uCalypso osemusha esiqhingini sase-Ogygia; Ngokwendaba kaHomer, lona wesifazane osemusha wathandana no-Odysseus, kodwa lapho ebuyela kumkakhe amthandayo uPenelope, uCalypso osemusha wafa ngenxa yokudabuka.
UCassandra wayeyindodakazi kaHecuba noPriam, ababengamakhosi aseTroy, ngaphezu kokuba umpristikazi kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo kanye nodadewabo wokutholwa kaTroilus noHector, esikhundleni sokuhlangana kwenyama lo nkulunkulu wamnika isipho sokuprofetha, kodwa kamuva akavumanga ukuba nobuhlobo naye, ngakho wamjezisa ngokwenza kungabikho muntu okholelwa emazwini akhe.
UCastalia kuthiwa wayengowesifazane osemusha omuhle kakhulu, kodwa wabalekela uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, ngakho wagxumela emthonjeni waseDelphi futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umthombo wathatha igama lakhe.
UKhoroni wayeyindodakazi kaFilegiya owayeyinkosi yamaLapithi. Kuthiwa wayekhulelwe u-Asclepius futhi wathandana nomuntu ofayo okuthiwa u-Isquis, kodwa igwababa laxwayisa u-Apollo.
Ekuqaleni, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo akazange abakholelwe futhi washintsha umbala wabo omhlophe waba mnyama futhi wathumela udadewabo u-Arthemisi ukuba abulale u-Coronis ngenxa yokungathembeki kwakhe, nakuba kwezinye izinganekwane kuthiwa kwakungu-Apollo ngokwakhe owambulala futhi lapho ebona ukuthi wayekhulelwe naye, wasindisa umntwana ngokumnika i-centaur Chiron ukuba ayikhulise.
Lapho iNkosi uPhlegyas izwa ngokwenzekile, yashisa indlu engcwele ka-Apollo edolobheni laseDelphi, futhi yabulawa ngu-Apollo ngokwakhe.
UDaphne wayeyisihlahla esihle senyongo, igama lakhe lisho Laurel, wayeyindodakazi kankulunkulu womfula uLadon, owayehlukunyezwa u-Apollo, njengoba u-Eros wayemdubule ngomcibisholo wegolide wothando ukuze amthande kabi.
Ngoba uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayemgcone u-Eros mayelana nekhono lakhe lomnsalo nomcibisholo nangendlela yakhe yokucula, eyayivame ukucasula. Ngakho-ke u-Eros wadubula umcibisholo onesihloko somthofu ku-Daphne osemusha, okwaholela ekwedelweni nasekunyanyeni maqondana nesibalo sika-Apollo.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kuka-Apollo kuDaphne omuhle kwakukhulu kangangokuthi wacela usizo kuyise, unkulunkulu womfula uLadon, ukuba amguqule abe yisihlahla, ngokushesha abe yi-Laurel futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi umuthi waba ngcwele kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo.
Ezinye izintokazi ebeziyizithandwa zakhe nguDeione, Filonis, Grine, i-Amazon enkulu, uHestia, obemele ikhaya nomlilo, ubengunkulunkulukazi onokuthula kanti umshana wakhe amthandayo kwakunguHermes.
U-Hypsipyle, u-Isse, u-Leucothoe, owayeyinkosazana efayo uNkulunkulu u-Apollo amkhohlisa ngokuphenduka umfanekiso kamama wakhe ukuze afinyelele amakamelo owesifazane osemusha.
Lapho uyise u-Orcamo ethola lokho, wayala intombi ukuba ingcwatshwe iphila, futhi emzimbeni wayo kwamila isitshalo okuthiwa impepho. UMarpesa wayengumzukulu kaNkulunkulu Ares futhi wathunjwa u-Idas, ngakho uZeus wamkhetha phakathi kwabo futhi wavuma ukuhlala no-Idas, ngoba lapho esekhulile, u-Apollo wayezomshiya.
UMelena wayeyinyoni eyayithandwa kakhulu unkulunkulu u-Apollo. U-Ocírroe wayeyinyoni eyathunjwa u-Apollo ukuze abe nayo kanti ezinye izintokazi kwakunguProtoe noRetia.
I-Amores of the God Apollo nezinsizwa ezimbili
Nakuba uhlu lwakhe olude lobudlelwano bobulili obuhlukile luphawuliwe, ngoba umlando kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo nawo uphawula ngobuhlobo bothando nama-knights amabili; Omunye wabo kwakunguHyacinthus, owayeyindodana yomnyuziyamu okuthiwa uClio noPierus.
Wayeyinkosana yaseSparta futhi efundiswa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo mayelana nobuciko obuhle nezokusubatha. Kokunye kokuphonswa kwe-discus okwenziwa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, umkhondo wayo waphambukiswa nguZephyr, owayenguNkulunkulu Womoya WaseNtshonalanga.
Ngakho-ke, i-disc yashaya ikhanda lika-Jacinto, okwamenza wafa ujuqu. U-Apollo wezwa ubuhlungu kangangokuthi waguqula uZefiyosi waba umoya ukuze angaphinde ahlanganyele engxoxweni nanoma ubani noma athintwe.
Ngokuqondene negazi leHyacinth elincane, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wadala imbali enhle esho ukulila kanye nembali enhle sonke esiyaziyo yazalwa; futhi kwenziwa umkhosi wenkolo wokuhlonipha le nsizwa ethandekayo esizweni saseSparta.
Enye insizwa kwakuyindodana kaHeracles, unkulunkulu owaziwa kangcono ngokuthi u-Hercules, ogama lakhe linguCyparissus, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wamnika inyamazane enhle eyayivele ifuywe ukuze ihlale nayo.
Kodwa ngephutha wayibulala nge-pilum, okwakuyinkemba, kuyilapho isilwane silele ngokuthula ehlathini elingaphansi. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwakudabukisa kakhulu kuCyparissus, owacela u-Apollo ngokwakhe ukuba izinyembezi zakhe zigeleze phakade.
Ngenxa yalesi sicelo, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo washintsha insizwa yakhe ethandekayo ibe umsayiphuresi, okuwumuthi ofanekisela ukudabuka okuphakade, njengoba ubisi lwawo lufana namaconsi ezinyembezi zabantu.
Izichasiso Ezifanelekile eziphathwa yilobuNkulunkulu Bezinganekwane
Ngenxa yokwazisa okujulile kwabantu abafayo kuNkulunkulu u-Apollo, wathola inani elikhulu lezichasiso ezifanele ukubhekisela kulo muntu wasenganekwaneni, njengoba wayenemisebenzi eminingi ehlukahlukene, njengoba phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe kwakugqama ukuthi ungunkulunkulu wokukhanya neLanga futhi ngenxa yalokhu wayaziwa ngala magama alandelayo:
U-Eglete, ngekhwalithi yokukhazimula, u-Febo, okusho ukukhanya noma ukukhanya futhi wayengenye yezimfanelo zakhe njengomnakekeli wokukhanya neLanga. Mayelana nomculo, wanikwa igama elithi Citaredo.
Mayelana nokuba unkulunkulu wemithi nokwelapha, la magama alandelayo kuthiwa aqanjwe kuye njengelithi Ancestor, okusho ukuthi umelaphi, Acesius, elifana nelenyanga futhi lalisetshenziswa endaweni engcwele yedolobha lase-Elis e-Agora.
Abanye basebenzisa igama elithi Agigeus, elalimvumela ukuba abe umvikeli noma umnakekeli wemizi nemigwaqo lapho abantu behamba khona. Wayaziwa nangegama elithi Alexiaco, okusho ukuthi nguye owayephethe amashwa.
I-Apotropeo esusa ububi futhi ezincwadini zesiLatini yaziwa ngokuthi i-Averruncus njengoba ijwayele ukususa ububi. Igama elithi latros libhekisela kudokotela futhi ngokufanayo negama elithi médicus eliyingxenye yolimi lwesiLatini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wezinhlupho futhi wayengumvikeli omkhulu wamagundane nezintethe ezesabekayo ezikwazi ukucekela phansi zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo.
Phakathi kwezichasiso ezifanelekile abasinike zona yilezi ezilandelayo: Culicarius, okusho ukuthi iyakwazi ukuvimba omiyane. Igama elithi Esminteo, elihlobene nomzingeli wamagundane, kanye ne-Parnopio, elihambisana nentethe.
Ubebuye abe ngunkulunkulu wokudubula nomnsalo yingakho abantu bephila besebenzisa inqwaba yezimpawu uma bethi lo nkulunkulu u-Apollo, laba abalandelayo ngo-Aphetoros bethi unguNkulunkulu womnsalo.
I-Argurotoxos, okusho umnsalo wesiliva, igama elithi Arcitenens, okuyigama lesiRoma futhi libhekisela kumuntu ophethe umnsalo. I-Hekaergos isho ukuthi "odubula ekude" ngokubhekisela ekutheni uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayengaphonsa kude kangakanani imicibisholo yakhe, noma elinye igama ababelisebenzisa lalithi Hekebolos, okusho ukuthi "dubula kude."
Mayelana neqhaza lakhe njengonkulunkulu wobufundisi, wayenabanye futhi abamfanelekelayo, njengoLicio, ababembiza ngokuthi ungumbulali wezimpisi ophambili, noma igama elithi Lykegenes elihumusha ngokuthi kuzalwa insikazi, ngaphezu kwegama elithi Nomios, elibizwa ngokuthi umzulane.
Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe kwakuwukuba umvikeli wamakholoni, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu wabhekisela kulawa magama alandelayo afana ne-Arcageta, ngokuba ngumsunguli wezindonga zedolobha, kulokhu, lokho kweMegara, kanye noClario, okuhunyushwa njengomphathi wamadolobha namakoloni amisiwe.
Futhi wayenezimfanelo zokuba unkulunkulu wezibikezelo futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayaziwa ngezichasiso ezilandelayo ezifanelekayo zikaCynthius, njengoba isiqhingi saseDelos sasiseNtabeni iCynthus. Elinye lamagama kwakunguCyrrheus, okususelwa kuwo idolobhana lelo gama elaliseduze nendawo yokushumayela eDelphi.
Igama elithi Clario nalo laqanjwa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo, njengoba indawo engcwele eyayisesifundeni sase-Ionia kwakuyi-oracle yaseColophon, eClaros. I-Delphinium kwakungelinye igama okwakuthiwa yiyo ngoba yayiseduze neDelphi futhi iphinde ikhulume ngamahlengethwa, angenye yezilwane zayo ezingcwele.
Yayaziwa ngokwamahubo kaHomer ngegama elithi Pythium, maqondana neDelphi neTymbreum, ngenxa yendawo engcwele eyayisendaweni enegama elifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayephethe isipho sokuprofetha futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu izidalwa ezifayo zamnika izichasiso ezilandelayo ezifanele ukubhekisela kulo nkulunkulu wezinganekwane: u-Coelispex, ngoba wayebheka isibhakabhaka ukuze abikezele ukuthi yini engenzeka kanye ne-loxias, okusho ukuthi i-oblique, ngoba izibikezelo zazidida.
Akagcinanga nje ngokuphatha yonke into echazwe kulesi sihloko, kodwa uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayephethe iminyuziyamu nezimpungushe, yingakho aziwa ngegama elithi Musageta, elihumusha ngokuthi iNhloko yezingoma, kanye negama elithi Nymphageta elisho iNduna yezinyosi.
Kukhona nababembiza ngoLesquenorio, kwazise ubephethe imihlangano eyahlukene ethinta izinkondlo.