Ukuhlola okungaphezu kwalokho esikwaziyo njengeplanethi yethu enguMhlaba bekulokhu kungenye yezinto impumelelo yomuntu. Kusukela cishe Eminyakeni engu-50 eyedlule kwafika okokuqala eNyangeni futhi kuze kube manje siye sazibuza ukuthi ngabe kwakuyisona sikhathi kuphela, ukuthi ngabe lesi sigameko sike saba khona ngempela noma ngabe lesi senzakalo sizophinde senzeka. Eqinisweni, lena idatha esizoyicacisa njengoba kusangabaza ukuthi bangaki abantu abanyathele enyangeni.
Ilukuluku belilokhu likhona kulo mongo. Siyazi usuku oludumile lokuhlala kwenyanga, kuNeil Armstrong kanye nomqali we-NASA owenza lokhu kutholakala okumangalisayo. Kodwa namanje asazi okungcono kakhulu, njengoba ike yahlala eNyangeni izikhathi ezimbalwa futhi sizoyithola ngedatha elandelayo.
INyanga inyathelwe kangaki?
Wonke umuntu ukhumbula usuku olungasoze lwalukhohlwa lapho umuntu enyathela iNyanga okokuqala, kwakuwusuku 20 de julio de 1969. Nakuba yayidume kakhulu emlandweni, eqinisweni INyanga ivakashelwe izikhathi eziyisithupha, zonke ziqondiswe nezimishini zika-Apollo futhi ziqondiswa ngesandla sabayishumi nambili izimboni.
U-Apollo 11
Yisikhathi esikhunjulwa kakhulu yisintu. Yena 16 de julio de 1969 I-NASA yethula i-rocket yayo ezandleni zikaMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy, nosonkanyezi U-Neil Armstrong no-Edwin Aldrin, ngenkathi uMichael Collins ezungeza kumojuli yomyalo. Ngomhla zingama-20 kuNtulikazi, zehlela phezu kwenyanga, okuphawula esinye sezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wesintu. Kulo mongo, kuyathakazelisa ukukhumbula umuntu wokuqala eNyangeni, Neil Armstrong.
U-Apollo 12
Yethulwa ngo Novemba 14 we-1969, yehla ngo-November 19 eduze nomkhumbi-mkhathi wokuqala we-Surveyor III ohambweni lokuqala ngo-1967. Osomkhathi bafika emkhunjini. Charles Conrad Jr; Alan L. Bean; Richard F. Gordon Omncane.., enomsebenzi ohleliwe nowenziwe kakhulu, lapho wahlala amahora angaba ngu-8. Lo mgomo ukwazile ukubuyisa izinto ezikhishwe endaweni yenyanga kanye nemfucumfucu evela kumkhumbi-mkhathi we-Surveyor ukuya eMhlabeni ukuze kuhlaziywe imiphumela yokuguga kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baye batholakala amatshe enyanga enikeza ulwazi oluningi lwesayensi.
U-Apollo 14
Ukwethulwa kwayo kwenzeka UJanuwari 31 we-1971, efika ngo-February 5. Iqembu elaliphethe kwakungosomkhathi abadumile Alan B. Shepard Jr.; Stuart A. Roosa; Edgar D. Mitchell, Ukufika endaweni yesifunda saseFra Mauro. Le ndawo ilahliwe njengoba yehlulekile yi-Apollo 13. Kulokhu kuvakasha basebenzise I-Modulated Equipment Transporter (MET), ukuze ukwazi ukuqoqa amasampula futhi wenze izithombe ezingashicilelwe eduze kwekhoni le-crater. Kulokhu kuvakasha ngeke ukhohlwe ngenkathi u-Alan Shepard eshaya amabhola egalufu angu-2 eNyangeni.
U-Apollo 15
Yethulwa ngo 26 de julio de 1971, okwenza inyanga yayo ihlale ezinsukwini ezingu-4 kamuva, ngo-July 30. Iqembu lakhe laliphethe David R. Scott; James B. Irwin; U-Alfred M. Worden, nomsebenzi wesine womuntu wokuya eNyangeni. Le mishini yasebenzisa iLunar Rover, eholwa nguScott, futhi ngenhloso yokuhlola okusha, njengoba ukuhlolwa kwe-geological yesifunda saseRima Hadley kwenziwa. Lo msebenzi ubuye wasiza ukuqonda kangcono i- amanzi enyangeni.
U-Apollo 16
Umgomo wayo wawugxile ekuphenyeni indawo yenyanga, ukuhlola izindawo ezintsha ezifana nezindawo eziphakeme zase-Descartes. Ukwethulwa kwaqala 16 Apreli 1972, okwenza ifike enyangeni ngo-April 20. Uhambo lwabo lwayalelwa izisebenzi: John W. Young; Charles M. Duke Omncane; Thomas K. Mattingly II, Kulo msebenzi kuphinde kusetshenziswe iLunar Rover, ukuqoqa amasampula, izithombe nokwenza ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene, lapho ikhamera ye-ultraviolet spectrograph yasetshenziswa khona okokuqala.
U-Apollo 17
Ukwethulwa kwayo kwaba December 7 we-1972, okwenza inyanga yayo ihlale ngo-December 11. Kulo msebenzi wokugcina, okunye ukuhlola okude kakhulu kwenziwa, ngabasebenzi U-Eugene A. Cernan; Harrison H. Schmitt; Ronald E. Evans. Ngokusebenzisa I-Lunar Rover Bakwazi ukwenza uhambo olulodwa olunebanga eliningi kunalolo oludlule, ngeqoqo lamasampula amaningi amatshe nomhlabathi wenyanga.
Kungani iNyanga inganyathelwanga futhi?
Njengoba sesibonile, ngoDisemba 14, 1972, akekho umuntu oseke wavakashela iNyanga futhi. NASA kanye nohulumeni wase-United States unezizathu ezingokoqobo zokusekela umbono wakhe futhi asikho isidingo sokwenza noma yini lapho.
I-Durante iMpi Yomshoshaphansi lokho kwagcina I-United States neSoviet Union, baphikisana nokufinyelela kwemibuso yezwe emibili nokuphakama kokubonisa ukuphakama kwezempi nobuchwepheshe. Esimweni esinjalo. I-US isivele ifinyelele isiqongo sayo ngokunqoba kwayo emkhathini, yahlala eNyangeni.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali akubizi ngaphansi kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-106.000, ngokubamba iqhaza kwabantu abayizi-400.000 14 nalapho umsebenzi waqhubeka iminyaka eyi-XNUMX. Lokhu kwakusho ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungu-5,3% wesabelomali sikazwelonke ngo-1965, Kodwa ekuqaleni kwawo-70s umjaho wakhe we-Space wamenza walahlekelwa kakhulu isabelomali. Ngemva kwe-Apollo 17, ohambweni lwe-Apollo lwesikhathi esizayo lwakhanselwa, ngesizathu sangempela sokuthi kwakungasenakwenzeka ukubuyela ngoba kwakungafaneleki.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasampula amaningi aqoqwa futhi lokhu kwabanele. Eziningi zazo zisagcinwe futhi azikakacwaningwa ngisho nososayensi. Ngempela Nabo abasibonanga isidingo sokubuya. ngoba abatholi lutho oluthakaselekayo abangaluhlola, njengoba kubonisiwe ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe lula ukukwazi ukuhlola ezinye izindawo zendawo.
Namuhla, ama-horizons amasha avuliwe ohambweni lwawo, njengoba akhiqizwa futhi athunyelwa ama-probe amasha namasathelayithi ukwenza ukuhlola okuhlakazekile emakhoneni ahlukahlukene esimiso sonozungezilanga. I-NASA iphinde yagxila amaphrojekthi afana ne-Skylab nezinye izici ziyaziswa njengempilo yelanga noma izenzakalo ezifana amagagasi adonsela phansi, kuze kube muva nje bekuyingxenye yenkolelo-mbono. Asikwazi futhi ukukhohlwa ingxenye ye-Mars esifuna ukuyihlola, ngobuchwepheshe besimanje namarobhothi athunyelwe ukuhlola iplanethi entsha. Ngo-2024 entsha ukuthunywa kwe u-Arthemisi kusuka ku-NASA ukuphinde abeke unyawo eNyangeni, ngabe uzophumelela?
