Ake sikhulume ngombhali wencwadi ethi Think fast think slow
Incwadi Cabanga ngokushesha, cabanga kancane Yabhalwa nguDaniel Kahneman, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esidumile kanye noprofesa wezeNgqondo eNyuvesi yasePrinceton, onguchwepheshe kwezokusebenza kwengqondo. Kuthuthukiswe i I-Prospect Theory, okubonisa ukuthi abantu banokuthambekela kokukhetha imiklomelo ethile lapho bebhekene nezinketho ezimbalwa ngaphandle kwesiqiniseko somphumela ngamunye ngamunye, ngokuhlobene neminye enenani elikhulu kodwa okungenakwenzeka ukuyithola. Kulabo abathanda ukufunda kwengqondo, ungaphinda uhlole eminye imiqondo ehlobene esihlokweni esithi Ikigai nokubaluleka kwayo.
Yini le ncwadi ecabanga ngokushesha ukucabanga kancane ngayo?
Ngalesi sifinyezo, uzobona ukuthi lena yincwadi efaneleka kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo zempilo lapho izinqumo kufanele zenziwe. Konke lokhu kuxhumene kakhulu ne-psychology kanye nokuphathwa kwemizwa yethu. Encwadini, umbhali uchaza indlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo lapho uthatha izinqumo; Ucwaningo lwabo luqinisekisa ukuthi kuzo zonke izici, izigaba kanye nezikhathi zokuphila, kwenziwa izinqumo ezingenangqondo eziholela emaphutheni, abucayi kwezinye izimo.
Kuyakhombisa ukuthi labo abakwaziyo ukuhlala bezolile futhi bacabange ngendlela ephusile yibona abawasebenzisa kahle amathuba, hhayi labo abavumela imizwa yabo ibanqobe. Okusho ukuthi, uma ufunda ukucabangela kakhudlwana, imiphumela izoba ngcono kukho konke. Uthi kunezinhlelo ezimbili zokucabanga.
Izindlela ezimbili zokucabanga
Umbhali uveza izinhlelo ezimbili ezihlala ndawonye.
Ukucabanga okusheshayo (uhlelo 1):
- Ngayo, iziphetho zifinyelelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.
- Inesibopho sokudala imizwa engalungile, imibono nezinhloso.
- Akudingi umzamo wengqondo.
Ukucabanga okunensayo (uhlelo 2)
- Uyacabanga futhi unengqondo.
- Inesibopho semisebenzi yengqondo edinga umzamo owengeziwe.
- Icushwa kuphela yimisebenzi edinga umzamo wengqondo.
Njengoba abantu bekhetha ukuba nengqondo, sicabanga ukuthi uhlelo 2 lunqoba uhlelo 1. Ngokusho komlobi, lokhu akunjalo. Sivame ukwenza amaphutha ngenxa yokuchema kwengqondo.
Ukuchema okuyinhloko kwengqondo
Encwadini sithola ukuthi ziyizenzakalo ezingokwengqondo ezishintsha ulwazi oluthathwe izinzwa, luhlanekezele iqiniso. Ukuchema okuyinhloko kwengqondo okungathinta ukuthathwa kwezinqumo yilokhu okulandelayo:
- Umphumela we-Halo
- Amathuba e-heuristic.
- Ukuchema kwe-Hindsight.
- Umthelela we-anchor.
- Hudula umphumela.
- isiqinisekiso sokukhetha.
- Ukuzethemba ngokweqile.
- Ukuzondwa kokulahlekelwa.
1. Umphumela we-Halo
Lokhu kuchema kukhona ohlelweni lokuqala. Ngenxa yokushesha kwayo, ukugxila ekubukekeni nasekuthonyweni komuntu ukubukeka kwakhe nezici zakhe kungaholela emicabangweni emihle noma emibi ngaye ngaphandle kokumazi. Okusho ukuthi, i-generalization eyiphutha esekelwe emibonweni.
2. Amathuba e-heuristic
Abantu bavame ukwazisa ulwazi olujwayeleke kakhulu noma olunamandla angokomzwelo. Kuvamile ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho siqu noma imibono yabantu obathembayo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, kulula kakhulu ukunikeza ukwethembeka okwengeziwe olwazini oluthathwa njengoluvela mathupha kunokuqondisa ulwazi oluvela emithonjeni yangaphandle. Kulezo zimo, akukho ngisho nophenyo.
3. Ukuchema
Kukhona okungenzeka noma abantu bathambekele ekwenzeni amaphutha ngokuthathwa yimiphumela yokugcina yesimo. Kulula kakhulu ukuba nombono omuhle noma omubi ngomuntu ngemva kokuba umcimbi usuvele wenzekile futhi ekugcineni wazi ukuthi yini umphumela wesinqumo osithathile. Ezimweni eziningi, lapho isenzakalo esithile sesifinyelele esiphethweni saso, abanye abantu bavame ukusho ukuthi bebekwazi okuzokwenzeka.
4. Umphumela we-anchor
Ingqondo yethu ithatha izisekelo ezithile njengokungathi zingamahange, okungukuthi, izibophela kuzo. Lapho uthatha izinqumo, kuyenzeka ukuthi unamathele olwazini olwaziwayo futhi uluthathe njengereferensi, noma luntula umqondo.
5. Hudula umphumela
Lokhu kukhetha kwengqondo kwaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi umphumela womhlambi. Yilesi simo esingokwengqondo esenza abantu bathonywe umbono, ukwahlulela, noma isinqumo seningi. Uma sicabanga ngaleli qiniso, singahlobana nokuhlaziywa komphakathi wanamuhla, njengoba kushiwo ku isizungu ngoKhisimusi.
6. Ukuqinisekisa ukuchema
Iningi labantu alikuthandi ukuphikiswa, imibono nezindlela zabo zokucabanga zingavumelani, noma ukuba othile avume ukuthi unephutha. Endabeni yalokhu kuchema, kubhekisela kukho konke okuholela ekufuneni njalo ulwazi oluqinisekisa izinkolelo zomuntu siqu futhi enqabe konke okuphambana nendlela yomuntu yokucabanga.
7. Ukuzethemba ngokweqile
Kungenzeka ukuthi izinqumo ezifanele zenziwe esikhathini esidlule, okuholela ekutheni kungenzeka ukuthi uwele ephutheni lokushiya ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kokufuna isisekelo sedatha yenhloso kanye nezibalo. Kulapho-ke izinqumo zenziwa zisekelwe embonweni wakho kanye nomuzwa wakho. Kunamaqiniso amabili okufanele acatshangelwe ukuze ugweme ukuwela kuleli phutha:
- Zithobe futhi uvume ukuthi awuyena umnikazi walo lonke ulwazi. Uma udinga usizo oluthile lokukhula kwakho siqu, ungahlola Iphutha elenkomo.
- Kholelwa ekuqhubekeni nemfundo.
8. Ukuzondwa Ukulahlekelwa
Okokugcina, okunye kokuchema okusikisela kakhulu ukwenqatshwa kokulahlekelwa. Umbhali uchaza ukuthi okuningi kokuziphatha kwabantu kunqunywa ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa, okusho ukuthi kungcono ukuthatha izingozi ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa, kunokuba wenze inzuzo. Ubuhlungu bokulahlekelwa bukhulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunenjabulo yokuwina.
Iziphetho
Kule ncwadi, umbhali uxoxa ngakho konke okwenza abantu bacabange ngendlela abacabanga ngayo futhi bathathe izinqumo abazenzayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubhekiselwa ekuthambekeni kokubeka izinto ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule, imizwa nemizwelo ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye lapho wenza izinqumo; okuholela emaphutheni nasehlulekeni. Imiqondo efana nokungabi nangqondo, intuition, amaphutha ekwahluleleni, i-heuristics, kanye nezomnotho zokuziphatha, okubhekwana nayo ngobuciko umbhali, ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthathweni kwezinqumo.
Phakathi kwezimfundiso zakhe ukufunda ukulwa nokuzethemba ngokweqile nokuba nethemba lokuhle ngenjongo yokuba nengqondo. Incwadi iqukethe izinto eziningi ezikusiza ukuthi ubhekane nezimo zempilo yansuku zonke; Yingakho kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uyifunde.
