La Umthala centaurus A iwuhlobo lomthala we-lenticular osebangeni leminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi eziyi-14 endaweni ye-Centaurus. Ngalo mqondo, ingenye yemithala yomsakazo eseduze ne- Umhlaba, ngakho umnyombo wawo wasezulwini uye wahlolwa ngokuchichimayo abacwaningi abangochwepheshe..
Futhi, i-galaxy centaurus A iyinebula yesihlanu ekhazimula kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, ngaleyo ndlela iba indawo ekahle yokugxila kuyo. i-astrophysics i-amateur, nakuba i-galaxy ibonakala kuphela eningizimu yezwe kanye nama-amplitudes aphansi asenyakatho. Kulabo abathanda ukufunda le imilaza nemithalaI-Centaurus A iyinto ethakazelisayo.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu okungenhla, ngophenyo lomsakazo olwenziwa phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zazwakalisa ukuthi ingxenye engaphakathi yale jet iyanyakaza cishe ingxenye yejubane lokukhanya. Ama-X ray abangelwa ukuhlangana okukude kwejethi namagesi aseduze, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe uthuli olunamandla kakhulu.
I-Morphology ye-galaxy centaurus A
I-morphology ye- i-galaxy ci-entaurus A ingabalwa ngendlela enesici kakhulu. Okulandelayo ngizokunikeza ezinye izinhlobo zalo mthala omkhulu.
1. Ukubukeka komthala i-centaurus A
Njengoba ingahlukaniswa neplanethi enguMhlaba, i-centaurus A ifana kakhulu nesigaba somthala we-lenticular noma i-elliptical onomzila wothuli osetshenzisiwe. Ngale ndlela, imvelaphi yalo mthala yaqashelwa ngo-1847 nguJohn Herschel, futhi i-galaxy yafakwa ku-Atlas of imithala engavamile (ekhishwe ngo-1966) njengenye yamamodeli angcono kakhulu omthala "ophazamisekile" ofakwe uthuli. Umthethosisekelo ongajwayelekile womthala i-Centaurus A uhlolwa ngokugcwele njengomphumela wokuhlakazeka phakathi kwemithala emibili emincane. Kulabo abafisa ukwazi kabanzi nge- imithala lenticular, lesi isibonelo esivelele.
Ngokufanayo, i-galaxy centaurus A empeleni ihlangene izinkanyezi iqhubeke ibomvu. I-disk enothuli, nokho, iyindawo yendalo entsha yezinkanyezi; cishe izindawo zokwakheka kwezinkanyezi eziyi-100 zifaniswe kule diski.
2. I-Supernovae ku-galaxy centaurus A
Una i-supernova Itholwe ku-Centaurus A galaxy Le supernova iqokwe njenge-SN 1986G, eyavezwa ngaphakathi komzila omnyama walo mthala ngu-R. Evans ngo-1986. Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, lesi simo esitholiwe kamuva saqinisekiswa njengoHlobo lwe-IA Supernova. Ukuze ube nokuqonda kangcono ukuthi kanjani a i-supernova, leli cala linikeza isifundo esithakazelisayo.
Lolu hlobo ludalwa lapho inqwaba ye-white dwarf ingena esikhundleni sesisindo esikhulu esingahlala kuso amandla adonsela phansi, lokho kuyisimo salokho okungenzeka lapho into encane emhlophe ehlanganisweni yenkanyezi kanambambili isakaza. ngentukuthelo kwezinye izinkanyezi zesimiso esifanayo. I-SN 1986G yagunyazwa ukukhombisa ukuthi ukusakazeka kwe-supernovae yalolu hlobo akufani futhi ingahluka ngendlela engakwazi ngayo ukuguqula lokho ukucaca okungaba njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ikuphi i-Galaxy Centaurus A?
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe yi-European Southern Observatory, kuqoqwe isithombe esikhulu kunazo zonke somthala we-Centaurus A ICentaurus I-A, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-NGC 5128, ingumthala omkhulu we-elliptical obonisa umgodi omnyama omkhulu otholakala enkabeni yawo. Labo abathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana imilaza yaseningizimu bangathola kule nto isibonelo esihle kakhulu.
Ngalo mqondo, ukuze kutholakale umthala i-Centaurus A, kwashiwo ukuthi cishe iminyaka yokukhanya eyizigidi ezingu-12 ukusuka endaweni yethu. iplanethi, ikakhulukazi kumlaza oseningizimu we-Centaurus (i-centaur) futhi iphinde ibe nokukhethekile i-galaxy esibhakabhakeni esigqama kakhulu ngamagagasi omsakazo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezakhiwo zemithala, ungathintana imithala ebomvana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izazi zezinkanyezi zikholelwa ukuthi umgogodla okhazimulayo, ukukhishwa kwamaza omsakazo okunamandla, nezenzakalo zejethi ezidalwe i-centaurus A zibangelwa imbobo emnyama emaphakathi enesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi eziyizigidi eziyi-100 Sol. Indaba yalesi sifunda esisindayo somthala ikhipha amandla amakhulu njengoba ibhekana nalokhu umgodi omnyama
Futhi, ngokumelene nemithala eminingi i-elliptical, izethulo ezithambile ze-Centaurus A ziphazanyiswa ibhande elibanzi, elimangalisayo lezinto ezimnyama, futhi, ezifiphaza indawo ephakathi yomthala we-Centaurus A Le bhendi emnyama isingatha iqoqo elikhulu lomhwamuko, izinhlayiya ezinjengothuli, nezinkanyezi ezakhayo futhi ezigcinwe esimweni esincane.
I-Centaurus A Galaxy ngaphansi kwendlela yophenyo kakhudlwana
Umthala omangalisayo i-centaurus A udwetshelwe esithombeni esisha, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili yi-European Southern Observatory. Ngalowo mqondo, ngesamba sesampula sesikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-50, lesi isithombe esijule kakhulu esake sasungulwa salesi sici nesento eyibhomu. Itholwe yithuluzi le-Wide Field Imager (WFI), elibekwe ku isibonakude we-ESO, eLa Silla Observatory, eChile.
Ngale ndlela, lesi sithombe esitholiwe sisivumela ukuba silinganisele ubunjalo balo mthala oyi-elliptical, siveze obala uhlobo olude lwezingcezu zangaphandle ezintekenteke kakhulu. Ukukhanya okugcwalisa isikhala esiningi sesithombe kuvela kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zezindawo ezindala, ezipholile. Ngokungafani nemithala ehlukahlukene eyi-elliptical, izinto ezithambile zomthala i-Centaurus A ziphazanyiswa umugqa obanzi ongajwayelekile wezinto eziluhlaza ezimnyama, zona, zibe mnyama ingxenye emaphakathi yalo mthala.
Leli bhendi elimnyama linesamba esikhulu somusi, uthuli, nezinkanyezi. Amaqoqo enkanyezi ekhanyayo angalinganiselwa ebhendini, emaphethelweni awo angaphezulu kwesokudla nangaphansi kwesokunxele, aveza ukukhanya okubomvu kwamafu okuqondanisa izinkanyezi ahlelwa nge-hydrogen, kuyilapho amanye amafu othuli acindezelwe alele ngasemuva izinkanyezi.
Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlobo, kanye nenkulumo evelele emsakazweni, isiqiniseko esiphelele sokuthi i-Centaurus A iwumphumela wokuhlangana phakathi kwemithala emibili. Ibhande lothuli lingase libe umphumela we-a i-galaxy i-spiral njengoba ihlukaniswa amandla adonsela phansi omthala omkhulu oyi-elliptical. Kulo mongo, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuthi izifundo zenziwe imithala ejikelezayo enikeza imibono yokuqhathanisa.
Inhlanganisela entsha yezethulo eziyingcaca ze-WFI iqukethe amasampula amakhulu asebenzisa izihlungi ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nezinye izihlungi ezidwetshwa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya okuvezwa i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu okungemuva kusisiza ukuthi sithole izehlakalo esezivele zijwayele ukuvama zemithombo efundiwe esigabeni sokubona esizungeza umthala i-Centaurus A, obungabonakali kusithombe sangaphambilini esitholwe I-WFI.
Ukuthuthuka ukusuka emthaleni kuya onqenqemeni olungakwesokunxele lwesithombe, amaqembu amabili ama-wisps abomvu angabonakala, akhiwe cishe namajethi asabekayo agcizelela izethulo eziyingcaca ezizuzwe esigabeni samaza omsakazo. Phezulu, ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwe-particle band, kunemicu engaphakathi, etholakala cishe iminyaka engu-30.000 yokukhanya ukusuka eksisi yoMhlaba. i-galaxy.
Ekugcineni, i-galaxy centaurus A iye yacutshungulwa kabanzi phakathi nebanga lemvamisa yamabanga ukusuka kumaza omsakazo kuya emisebeni ye-gamma. Ikakhulukazi, uphenyo ngamagagasi omsakazo kanye namaX-reyi kube nesinqumo esibalulekile ekuhlanganiseni ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamandla akhishwa umgodi omnyama omkhulu ophakathi nendawo kanye nendawo eyizungezile. Izifundo zivuliwe i-galaxy cI-entaurus A ene-ALMA abenzanga lutho ngaphandle kokucwaninga nokukhathazeka okuphawulekayo.
