I-Cyclamen isitshalo esiqhakaza, esibonakala ngokuba enye yezinto ezibizwa ngezimbali zasebusika, ngenxa yezindawo lapho ikhula khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlobiseni izindawo ezihlukahlukene noma kutshalwe ezindlini eziseduze nolwandle. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalesi sitshalo, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda lesi sihloko.
I-Cyclamen
Kuyisitshalo esinezimbali ezinhle kakhulu ezinama-tuberous ze-Primulaceae, ezitholakala ezindaweni zasehlathini zaseMedithera futhi zingatholakala endle phansi kwezihlahla. Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi ingenye yezitshalo ezimbalwa eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza ezinyangeni ezibandayo. Lokhu kuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wezingadi njengembali yokuhlobisa izindlu zokugcina izithombo. Izimbali zasebusika ze-cyclamen zingagcinwa izinyanga ezimbalwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kulula ukukhula, kokubili emhlabathini nasebhodweni, futhi zithanda izindawo ezinomthunzi.
izici zembali
Njengoba kungabonwa esigabeni esandulele, isici esiyinhloko se-cyclamen ukuthi iyisitshalo esifana ne-tuber. Okusho ukuthi, ayikhi ingxenye yokhuni ngoba inesigaxa esiyisiqu sayo esingaphansi komhlaba, lapho lesi sitshalo siqoqa khona zonke izinqolobane zaso zomsoco. Umjikelezo wempilo wesitshalo se-cyclamen uqukethe i-dormancy ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezomile. Ubuyela emsebenzini nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa nokuqala kwemvula.
Akuwona unyaka futhi ungahlala iminyaka eminingana ngokunakekelwa okufanele nezimo. Ukukhiqizwa kwesilimo esithengiswayo kwenziwa unyaka wonke, kube yisikhathi saso esihle ngesikhathi esibandayo noma sasebusika. Lesi sitshalo singafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-40. Kodwa ngokuvamile zihlala ngaphansi kwalokhu kuphakama, yingakho zibhekwa njengezitshalo ezincane. Izici zezingcezu zayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
Okokuqala, ine-trunk engaphansi komhlaba esesimweni se-tuber ewugqinsi, emnyama ngombala, iyindilinga futhi isicaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza, anoshukela, amise okwenhliziyo enophawu olude lwe-petiole. Aluhlaza okumnyama okujulile namachashaza ayisiliva. Enye impahla ihlobene nokuqhakaza ngokwayo, okuyi-hermaphroditic enamacembe amahlanu angama-wavy, anesakhiwo esine-velvety futhi ingaba nemibala ehlukene, emhlophe, ebomvana, e-magenta nebomvu. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kwenzeka phakathi kwekwindla nentwasahlobo. Ekugcineni, izithelo zingama-capsules athatha izinyanga ezi-5 ukuvuthwa.
Ukunakekelwa nokutshalwa kwe-cyclamen
Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhulisa lezi zitshalo eziqhakazayo akunzima kangako. Ungase wenze umzamo owengeziwe wokuwenza aqhakaze futhi. Nakuba isitshalo sasendle singaphila iminyaka engu-4-5 futhi siqhakaza ngokuqhubekayo njalo ngonyaka futhi sinikeze izimbali eziningi kakhulu ngenkathi yasebusika. Ukuze kutshalwe, kunconyelwa ukuthola lesi sitshalo esinezimbali eziningi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi amaqabunga awo anenyama kakhulu futhi anempilo. Futhi, i-cyclamen ingazala ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukuhlukanisa i-tuber. Uma ufuna uhlobo oluthile, kungcono ukwenze usebenzisa indlela yakamuva.
Ukuze uqonde kancane ukutshalwa kwembewu, singasho ukuthi kwenziwa ehlobo, ngokucophelela ukuwasabalalisa ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka emigqeni ehambisanayo njenge-substrate kubo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bembewu, kufanele ziphonswe ngobumnene ngaphansi kwe-substrate ngokhuni oluyisicaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchelela kokuqala kufanele kuncishiswe isikhunta esine-spectrum esibanzi emanzini njengendlela yokwelapha yokulwa nesikhunta.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umbhede, owawumbozwe ngaphambili ngephepha lepulasitiki elisobala, kufanele ubekwe endaweni enomthunzi futhi enomswakama enezinga lokushisa elingama-20 ° C. Cishe inyanga eyodwa, imbewu izohluma, bese kukhishwa isembozo sepulasitiki futhi kancane kancane izinga lokushisa. igalelo elilula esitshalweni futhi izinga lokushisa lehla liye ku-18 ° C ngokungena komoya okuhle. Lapho izitshalo ezintsha sezikhule ngokwanele futhi zingaphathwa kalula, zingatshalwa kabusha, ngokucophelela ukuthi zingalimazi i-tuber yesitshalo, nanoma iyiphi ingxenye yaso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, echaza kancane mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-tuber, kungagcizelelwa ukuthi lesi sici sesitshalo siyindilinga futhi sicaba, amaqabunga nezimbali ziphuma kuwo ngqo phezulu ngendlela ye-concave, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande luyavela. kusukela phansi convex. Futhi, njengoba kwaziwa, ingahlukaniswa ukuze ikhiqize kabusha ngokuyisika ngommese obukhali, owawuhlanjululwe ngaphambilini. Lapho kuthenwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye iqukethe okungenani imiqumbe emibili. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili futhi ingxenye ngayinye itshalwa emabhodweni ngamanye.
Indawo
Ukukhethwa kwesayithi kuyisihluthulelo sokulima okuphumelelayo, okufanele kube izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-15 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi kukhanya ngokwanele, kodwa hhayi elangeni eliqondile. Ukulandela umqondo ofanayo, kunconywa ukuthi ukhiphe umoya ekamelweni futhi uvale ukushisa ngezikhathi ezithile. Izakhamuzi zezifunda lapho ubusika bungaqinile kakhulu zinconywa ukuba zizihambise ngaphandle, ngaphansi kweqhwa futhi zivulelwe umoya obandayo ebusuku.
Ukunisela
Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, inqubo ehlukile kufanele yenziwe. Phakathi kwekwindla nobusika, ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala, kufanele iniselwe ukuze i-substrate igcine imanzi, ngaphandle kwama-puddles. Indlela elula ukubeka amanzi esosweni ngaphansi kwebhodwe ukuvumela isitshalo ukuba siwumunce cishe imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, bese udedela amanzi engeziwe. Kufanele uhlale uqaphela ukuthi isitshalo asimanzi kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukubola kwe-tuber.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi nezinyanga zasentwasahlobo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi umsebenzi we-vegetative uqala ukunciphisa kuze kufike ihlobo, lapho umisa ngokuphelele ehlobo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ukuqapha umswakama owedlulele. Kakade ehlobo, lapho amaqabunga omile futhi esuswa, kanye nesitshalo sithuthelwa endaweni epholile enomthunzi, ukuchelela kufanele kube njalo, kodwa kuphela eduze kwe-tuber. Leli phuzu libalulekile, akudingekile ukumanzisa isitshalo, ikakhulukazi ingxenye ephakathi. Ngoba inani elikhulu loketshezi lingadala isikhunta noma isikhunta.
I-substrate ye-cyclamen
Kulesi sigaba, kunconywa ukuthi i-substrate efanelekile inhlabathi ehlanzekile futhi ekhishwe kahle ene-pH ye-6. Ingxube ye-peat, i-perlite ne-coconut moss ifanelekile. Le ngxube ibangela usayizi wezinhlayiyana ophakathi, ohlinzeka isitshalo nge-substrate enezinto eziqukethe ngokwemvelo izingxenye zebhayoloji ezisebenzayo, okusiza isitshalo ukuthi sihlale singenazifo, futhi sikhuthaze ukukhula okunempilo.
Izihlahla
Eqinisweni, i-cyclamen ayithenwa. Okungahlotshaniswa nalo msebenzi yiqiniso lokuthi amaqabunga e-basal omile kufanele asikwe futhi asuswe. Lokhu kuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, isikhunta noma amagciwane. Amathuluzi okusika kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi abulawe amagciwane kusengaphambili ukugwema izifo ezingase zibe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufinyelelwa ukuthi ukuqhakaza kuhlala isikhathi eside uma amaqabunga abunile nezimbali zisuswa ngokuphelele ngokushesha nje lapho zifakwa ku-bulb. Uma kukhona ukulimala emaqabunga noma ama-petioles, kufanele asuswe futhi amanxeba aphathwe nge-wax efanelekile etholwe enkulisa.
Dlula
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinsuku ezingu-15 kuya kwezingu-30 kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi ku-cyclamen. Futhi, lokhu kufanele kuhlanganiswe namanzi okunisela. Futhi, umanyolo owuketshezi kufanele ube nenani eliphakeme le-potassium phakathi nenkathi yokuqhakaza ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezimbali. Ngendlela efanayo, kunconywa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwayo umthamo we-nitrogen kufanele ukhuliswe kancane ukuze uthuthukise amandla ezingxenye eziluhlaza.
Izinhlobo zeCyclamen
Esinye sezihloko ezivusa isithakazelo esikhulu esitshalweni sezimbali ulwazi lwezinhlobonhlobo zalo ezahlukene, ochwepheshe abaye babhala phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili, eziqoqwe ngamaqembu angu-4, anezici ezivamile, njengesitayela samaqabunga awo, izimbali kanye nokuhlanganisa. i-tuber ngokwayo. Noma kunjalo, ziyehluka kwezinye izici. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya ezintathu zalezi zinhlobonhlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sizochaza izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zazo ngamunye wabo.
I-Cyclamen persicum
Ibizwa ngokuthi i-cyclamen noma i-Persian noma i-Alpine violet, iyisigaba salo mndeni wezimbali ezizalelwa ezindaweni zasePheresiya, eTurkey, eSiriya, e-Israel, eJordani ngisho nasezintabeni ze-Alps zaseYurophu. Ngokwayo, ingenye yezinhlobo ezisakazeke kakhulu futhi enenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo. Njengamanje ingenye yezitshalo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlobiseni izingadi nangaphakathi. Ine-tuber emnyama, eyisicaba lapho kuvela khona ama-petioles neziqu zezimbali. Amaqabunga ewachitha ehlobo amise okwenhliziyo, aluhlaza ngokujulile phezulu futhi abomvu ngezansi.
I-Cyclamen Purpurascens
Kuyisitshalo esivela ezindaweni zezintaba enkabeni naseningizimu yezwekazi elidala. Ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo, yaziwa nangokuthi i-cyclamen yaseYurophu, ene-globular tubercle, izimpande namahlumela angenakuzikhethela, okuzoba nesibopho sokwenza ingxenye yasemoyeni yesitshalo. Amaqabunga ayi-basal, petiolate futhi amise okwenhliziyo. Njengeyangaphambili, ingxenye engezansi inombala obomvu futhi ingaphezulu iluhlaza ngokumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inephunga elimnandi, izimbali ezizimele ezisekelwa ama-peduncle amade kakhulu. Njengeqiniso elithakazelisayo, isetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yezakhiwo zayo ze-homeopathic.
I-Cyclamen Balearicum
Kuyisitshalo esine-tuber esibonakala nge-tuber efinyelela ku-3 cm ububanzi, eyindilinga, ebushelelezi futhi enezimpande ezivela esisekelweni. Ngokulandelayo, iwuhlobo oluhlala luluhlaza unyaka wonke. Amaqabunga angaba nezici ezifanayo njengangaphambili, okungukuthi, anenyama, acwebezelayo futhi ane-petiole efinyelela ku-12 cm ubude. Izimbali zayo ezimhlophe noma ezibomvana zikhipha iphunga futhi zine-calyx efinyelela ku-5 cm kanye nokuma kwe-oval-lanceolate. Isithelo sikuma-capsules ayindilinga. Yiqiniso, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inobuthi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, iye yasetshenziswa njenge-laxative.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko esithi Cyclamen Care ukuze uthole izimbali ezingcono futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabuyekeza izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: